diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
index 77d1b7e..e74ee9a 100644
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 [submodule "LogVisor"]
 	path = LogVisor
 	url = https://github.com/AxioDL/LogVisor.git
+[submodule "glslang"]
+	path = glslang
+	url = https://github.com/AxioDL/glslang.git
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 514b1e7..47d09c5 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,14 +16,16 @@ include_directories(include ${LOG_VISOR_INCLUDE_DIR})
 if(NOT GEKKO AND NOT CAFE)
 list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS
     lib/graphicsdev/GL.cpp
+    lib/graphicsdev/Vulkan.cpp
     lib/graphicsdev/glew.c)
 
 list(APPEND PLAT_HDRS
-    include/boo/graphicsdev/GL.hpp)
+     include/boo/graphicsdev/GL.hpp
+     include/boo/graphicsdev/Vulkan.hpp)
 endif()
 
 if(WIN32)
-  list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS 
+  list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS
        lib/win/ApplicationWin32.cpp
        lib/win/WindowWin32.cpp
        lib/win/Win32Common.hpp
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ if(WIN32)
 
   list(APPEND _BOO_SYS_LIBS Winusb opengl32 Setupapi Imm32)
 elseif(APPLE)
-  list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS 
+  list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS
        lib/mac/ApplicationCocoa.mm
        lib/mac/WindowCocoa.mm
        lib/mac/CocoaCommon.hpp
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ set_source_files_properties(lib/mac/ApplicationCocoa.mm
   list(APPEND _BOO_SYS_LIBS ${APPKIT_LIBRARY} ${IOKIT_LIBRARY} ${OPENGL_LIBRARY} ${METAL_LIBRARY}
                             ${QUARTZCORE_LIBRARY} ${COREVIDEO_LIBRARY})
 else(NOT GEKKO)
-  list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS 
+  list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS
        lib/x11/XlibCommon.hpp
        lib/x11/ApplicationUnix.cpp
        lib/x11/ApplicationXlib.hpp
@@ -130,11 +132,16 @@ if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleCl
   set_source_files_properties(lib/graphicsdev/glew.c PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS -Os)
 endif()
 
+add_subdirectory(glslang/glslang EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(glslang/OGLCompilersDLL EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(glslang/SPIRV EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+list(APPEND _BOO_SYS_LIBS glslang OSDependent OGLCompiler SPIRV)
+
 set(BOO_SYS_LIBS ${_BOO_SYS_LIBS} CACHE PATH "Boo System Libraries" FORCE)
 set(BOO_SYS_DEFINES ${_BOO_SYS_DEFINES} CACHE PATH "Boo System Defines" FORCE)
 
 add_definitions(${_BOO_SYS_DEFINES})
-include_directories(include)
+include_directories(include glslang)
 
 add_library(Boo
             lib/inputdev/CafeProPad.cpp include/boo/inputdev/CafeProPad.hpp
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
index 5bec710..b7dd654 100644
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-The AxioDL License
+The MIT License
 
 Copyright (c) 2015 libBoo Contributors
 Original Authors: Jack Andersen and Phillip "Antidote" Stephens
@@ -13,12 +13,6 @@ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
-Redistributions of the Software may not embed or fetch 3rd-party promotions or
-advertising ("adware") that are unrelated to the redistribution's content.
-The Software may not be modified to connect to 3rd-party advertising sources
-("ad-networks"). Self-promotions of distribution-extensions are permissible
-(e.g. microtransactions).
-
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
diff --git a/glslang b/glslang
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..0ea3c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glslang
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 0ea3c3f01acf58fefdfc7be3333022b8e84e1997
diff --git a/include/boo/IWindow.hpp b/include/boo/IWindow.hpp
index 9a1838e..a83a109 100644
--- a/include/boo/IWindow.hpp
+++ b/include/boo/IWindow.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "System.hpp"
 #include <memory>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #undef min
 #undef max
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ struct SWindowRect
     int location[2];
     int size[2];
 
-    SWindowRect() {memset(this, 0, sizeof(SWindowRect));}
+    SWindowRect() {std::memset(this, 0, sizeof(SWindowRect));}
 
     SWindowRect(int x, int y, int w, int h)
     {
@@ -240,7 +241,8 @@ enum class EMouseCursor
     Pointer         = 1,
     HorizontalArrow = 2,
     VerticalArrow   = 3,
-    IBeam           = 4
+    IBeam           = 4,
+    Crosshairs      = 5
 };
 
 enum class EClipboardType
diff --git a/include/boo/graphicsdev/GL.hpp b/include/boo/graphicsdev/GL.hpp
index 6e43b98..db53875 100644
--- a/include/boo/graphicsdev/GL.hpp
+++ b/include/boo/graphicsdev/GL.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#ifndef GDEV_GLES3_HPP
-#define GDEV_GLES3_HPP
+#ifndef GDEV_GL_HPP
+#define GDEV_GL_HPP
 
 #include "IGraphicsDataFactory.hpp"
 #include "IGraphicsCommandQueue.hpp"
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ public:
 
 }
 
-#endif // GDEV_GLES3_HPP
+#endif // GDEV_GL_HPP
diff --git a/include/boo/graphicsdev/IGraphicsDataFactory.hpp b/include/boo/graphicsdev/IGraphicsDataFactory.hpp
index f944816..5d6eb9a 100644
--- a/include/boo/graphicsdev/IGraphicsDataFactory.hpp
+++ b/include/boo/graphicsdev/IGraphicsDataFactory.hpp
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ struct IGraphicsDataFactory
         D3D11,
         D3D12,
         Metal,
+        Vulkan,
         GX,
         GX2
     };
@@ -292,6 +293,7 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
     ~GraphicsDataToken() {doDestroy();}
+    operator bool() const {return m_factory && m_data;}
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/include/boo/graphicsdev/Vulkan.hpp b/include/boo/graphicsdev/Vulkan.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b57789b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/boo/graphicsdev/Vulkan.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#ifndef GDEV_VULKAN_HPP
+#define GDEV_VULKAN_HPP
+
+#include "IGraphicsDataFactory.hpp"
+#include "IGraphicsCommandQueue.hpp"
+#include "boo/IGraphicsContext.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace boo
+{
+
+class VulkanDataFactory : public IGraphicsDataFactory
+{
+    friend struct VulkanCommandQueue;
+    IGraphicsContext* m_parent;
+    static ThreadLocalPtr<struct GLData> m_deferredData;
+    std::unordered_set<struct GLData*> m_committedData;
+    std::mutex m_committedMutex;
+    std::vector<int> m_texUnis;
+    void destroyData(IGraphicsData*);
+    void destroyAllData();
+public:
+    VulkanDataFactory(IGraphicsContext* parent);
+    ~VulkanDataFactory() {destroyAllData();}
+
+    Platform platform() const {return Platform::Vulkan;}
+    const SystemChar* platformName() const {return _S("Vulkan");}
+
+    IGraphicsBufferS* newStaticBuffer(BufferUse use, const void* data, size_t stride, size_t count);
+    IGraphicsBufferS* newStaticBuffer(BufferUse use, std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>&& data, size_t stride, size_t count);
+    IGraphicsBufferD* newDynamicBuffer(BufferUse use, size_t stride, size_t count);
+
+    ITextureS* newStaticTexture(size_t width, size_t height, size_t mips, TextureFormat fmt,
+                                const void* data, size_t sz);
+    ITextureS* newStaticTexture(size_t width, size_t height, size_t mips, TextureFormat fmt,
+                                std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>&& data, size_t sz);
+    ITextureSA* newStaticArrayTexture(size_t width, size_t height, size_t layers, TextureFormat fmt,
+                                      const void* data, size_t sz);
+    ITextureD* newDynamicTexture(size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt);
+    ITextureR* newRenderTexture(size_t width, size_t height, size_t samples);
+
+    bool bindingNeedsVertexFormat() const {return true;}
+    IVertexFormat* newVertexFormat(size_t elementCount, const VertexElementDescriptor* elements);
+
+    IShaderPipeline* newShaderPipeline(const char* vertSource, const char* fragSource,
+                                       std::vector<unsigned int>& vertBlobOut, std::vector<unsigned int>& fragBlobOut,
+                                       std::vector<unsigned int>& pipelineBlob,
+                                       size_t texCount, const char* texArrayName,
+                                       size_t uniformBlockCount, const char** uniformBlockNames,
+                                       BlendFactor srcFac, BlendFactor dstFac,
+                                       bool depthTest, bool depthWrite, bool backfaceCulling);
+
+    IShaderPipeline* newShaderPipeline(const char* vertSource, const char* fragSource,
+                                       size_t texCount, const char* texArrayName,
+                                       size_t uniformBlockCount, const char** uniformBlockNames,
+                                       BlendFactor srcFac, BlendFactor dstFac,
+                                       bool depthTest, bool depthWrite, bool backfaceCulling)
+    {
+        std::vector<unsigned int> vertBlob;
+        std::vector<unsigned int> fragBlob;
+        std::vector<unsigned int> pipelineBlob;
+        return newShaderPipeline(vertSource, fragSource, vertBlob, fragBlob, pipelineBlob,
+                                 texCount, texArrayName, uniformBlockCount, uniformBlockNames,
+                                 srcFac, dstFac, depthTest, depthWrite, backfaceCulling);
+    }
+
+    IShaderDataBinding*
+    newShaderDataBinding(IShaderPipeline* pipeline,
+                         IVertexFormat* vtxFormat,
+                         IGraphicsBuffer* vbo, IGraphicsBuffer* instVbo, IGraphicsBuffer* ibo,
+                         size_t ubufCount, IGraphicsBuffer** ubufs,
+                         size_t texCount, ITexture** texs);
+
+    void reset();
+    GraphicsDataToken commit();
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif // GDEV_VULKAN_HPP
diff --git a/include/boo/graphicsdev/glxew.h b/include/boo/graphicsdev/glxew.h
index a30f666..c477532 100644
--- a/include/boo/graphicsdev/glxew.h
+++ b/include/boo/graphicsdev/glxew.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
 #include <X11/Xmd.h>
-#include <GL/glew.h>
+#include "glew.h"
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
diff --git a/lib/graphicsdev/GL.cpp b/lib/graphicsdev/GL.cpp
index e193bc4..8d8de7f 100644
--- a/lib/graphicsdev/GL.cpp
+++ b/lib/graphicsdev/GL.cpp
@@ -66,16 +66,20 @@ class GLGraphicsBufferD : public IGraphicsBufferD
 {
     friend class GLDataFactory;
     friend struct GLCommandQueue;
-    struct GLCommandQueue* m_q;
     GLuint m_bufs[3];
     GLenum m_target;
     std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_cpuBuf;
     size_t m_cpuSz = 0;
     int m_validMask = 0;
-    GLGraphicsBufferD(GLCommandQueue* q, BufferUse use, size_t sz)
-    : m_q(q), m_target(USE_TABLE[int(use)]), m_cpuBuf(new uint8_t[sz]), m_cpuSz(sz)
+    GLGraphicsBufferD(BufferUse use, size_t sz)
+    : m_target(USE_TABLE[int(use)]), m_cpuBuf(new uint8_t[sz]), m_cpuSz(sz)
     {
         glGenBuffers(3, m_bufs);
+        for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; ++i)
+        {
+            glBindBuffer(m_target, m_bufs[i]);
+            glBufferData(m_target, m_cpuSz, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+        }
     }
     void update(int b);
 public:
@@ -193,7 +197,6 @@ class GLTextureD : public ITextureD
 {
     friend class GLDataFactory;
     friend struct GLCommandQueue;
-    struct GLCommandQueue* m_q;
     GLuint m_texs[3];
     std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_cpuBuf;
     size_t m_cpuSz = 0;
@@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ class GLTextureD : public ITextureD
     size_t m_width = 0;
     size_t m_height = 0;
     int m_validMask = 0;
-    GLTextureD(GLCommandQueue* q, size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt);
+    GLTextureD(size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt);
     void update(int b);
 public:
     ~GLTextureD();
@@ -223,6 +226,7 @@ class GLTextureR : public ITextureR
     size_t m_width = 0;
     size_t m_height = 0;
     size_t m_samples = 0;
+    GLenum m_target;
     GLTextureR(GLCommandQueue* q, size_t width, size_t height, size_t samples);
 public:
     ~GLTextureR();
@@ -230,17 +234,28 @@ public:
     void bind(size_t idx) const
     {
         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + idx);
-        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[0]);
+        glBindTexture(m_target, m_texs[0]);
     }
     
     void resize(size_t width, size_t height)
     {
         m_width = width;
         m_height = height;
-        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[0]);
-        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
-        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[1]);
-        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, width, height, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
+        
+        if (m_samples > 1)
+        {
+            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, m_texs[0]);
+            glTexImage2DMultisample(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, m_samples, GL_RGBA, width, height, GL_FALSE);
+            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, m_texs[1]);
+            glTexImage2DMultisample(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, m_samples, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, width, height, GL_FALSE);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[0]);
+            glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
+            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[1]);
+            glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, width, height, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
+        }
     }
 };
 
@@ -1142,7 +1157,7 @@ void GLGraphicsBufferD::update(int b)
     if ((slot & m_validMask) == 0)
     {
         glBindBuffer(m_target, m_bufs[b]);
-        glBufferData(m_target, m_cpuSz, m_cpuBuf.get(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+        glBufferSubData(m_target, 0, m_cpuSz, m_cpuBuf.get());
         m_validMask |= slot;
     }
 }
@@ -1173,18 +1188,17 @@ void GLGraphicsBufferD::bindUniform(size_t idx, int b)
 IGraphicsBufferD*
 GLDataFactory::newDynamicBuffer(BufferUse use, size_t stride, size_t count)
 {
-    GLCommandQueue* q = static_cast<GLCommandQueue*>(m_parent->getCommandQueue());
-    GLGraphicsBufferD* retval = new GLGraphicsBufferD(q, use, stride * count);
+    GLGraphicsBufferD* retval = new GLGraphicsBufferD(use, stride * count);
     if (!m_deferredData.get())
         m_deferredData.reset(new struct GLData());
     m_deferredData->m_DBufs.emplace_back(retval);
     return retval;
 }
 
-GLTextureD::GLTextureD(GLCommandQueue* q, size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt)
-: m_q(q), m_width(width), m_height(height)
+GLTextureD::GLTextureD(size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt)
+: m_width(width), m_height(height)
 {
-    int pxPitch;
+    int pxPitch = 4;
     switch (fmt)
     {
     case TextureFormat::RGBA8:
@@ -1250,8 +1264,7 @@ void GLTextureD::bind(size_t idx, int b)
 ITextureD*
 GLDataFactory::newDynamicTexture(size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt)
 {
-    GLCommandQueue* q = static_cast<GLCommandQueue*>(m_parent->getCommandQueue());
-    GLTextureD* retval = new GLTextureD(q, width, height, fmt);
+    GLTextureD* retval = new GLTextureD(width, height, fmt);
     if (!m_deferredData.get())
         m_deferredData.reset(new struct GLData());
     m_deferredData->m_DTexs.emplace_back(retval);
@@ -1262,10 +1275,22 @@ GLTextureR::GLTextureR(GLCommandQueue* q, size_t width, size_t height, size_t sa
 : m_q(q), m_width(width), m_height(height), m_samples(samples)
 {
     glGenTextures(2, m_texs);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[0]);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[1]);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, width, height, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
+    if (samples > 1)
+    {
+        m_target = GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE;
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, m_texs[0]);
+        glTexImage2DMultisample(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, samples, GL_RGBA, width, height, GL_FALSE);
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, m_texs[1]);
+        glTexImage2DMultisample(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, samples, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, width, height, GL_FALSE);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        m_target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[0]);
+        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_texs[1]);
+        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, width, height, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
+    }
     m_q->addFBO(this);
 }
 GLTextureR::~GLTextureR() {glDeleteTextures(2, m_texs); m_q->delFBO(this);}
diff --git a/lib/graphicsdev/Metal.mm b/lib/graphicsdev/Metal.mm
index 148b264..c46a85e 100644
--- a/lib/graphicsdev/Metal.mm
+++ b/lib/graphicsdev/Metal.mm
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ class MetalGraphicsBufferS : public IGraphicsBufferS
     MetalGraphicsBufferS(BufferUse use, MetalContext* ctx, const void* data, size_t stride, size_t count)
     : m_stride(stride), m_count(count), m_sz(stride * count)
     {
-        m_buf = [ctx->m_dev.get() newBufferWithBytes:data length:m_sz options:MTL_STATIC];
+        m_buf = [ctx->m_dev newBufferWithBytes:data length:m_sz options:MTL_STATIC];
     }
 public:
     size_t m_stride;
     size_t m_count;
     size_t m_sz;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLBuffer>> m_buf;
+    id<MTLBuffer> m_buf;
     ~MetalGraphicsBufferS() = default;
 };
 
@@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ class MetalGraphicsBufferD : public IGraphicsBufferD
     : m_q(q), m_stride(stride), m_count(count), m_sz(stride * count)
     {
         m_cpuBuf.reset(new uint8_t[m_sz]);
-        m_bufs[0] = [ctx->m_dev.get() newBufferWithLength:m_sz options:MTL_DYNAMIC];
-        m_bufs[1] = [ctx->m_dev.get() newBufferWithLength:m_sz options:MTL_DYNAMIC];
+        m_bufs[0] = [ctx->m_dev newBufferWithLength:m_sz options:MTL_DYNAMIC];
+        m_bufs[1] = [ctx->m_dev newBufferWithLength:m_sz options:MTL_DYNAMIC];
     }
     void update(int b);
 public:
     size_t m_stride;
     size_t m_count;
     size_t m_sz;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLBuffer>> m_bufs[2];
+    id<MTLBuffer> m_bufs[2];
     MetalGraphicsBufferD() = default;
     
     void load(const void* data, size_t sz);
@@ -95,30 +95,30 @@ class MetalTextureS : public ITextureS
         default: break;
         }
         
-        NSPtr<MTLTextureDescriptor*> desc;
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            desc = [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:pfmt
-                                                                      width:width height:height
-                                                                  mipmapped:(mips>1)?YES:NO];
-        }
-        desc.get().usage = MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
-        desc.get().mipmapLevelCount = mips;
-        m_tex = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-        const uint8_t* dataIt = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
-        for (size_t i=0 ; i<mips ; ++i)
-        {
-            [m_tex.get() replaceRegion:MTLRegionMake2D(0, 0, width, height)
-                           mipmapLevel:i
-                             withBytes:dataIt
-                           bytesPerRow:width * ppitch];
-            dataIt += width * height * ppitch;
-            width /= 2;
-            height /= 2;
+            MTLTextureDescriptor* desc =
+            [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:pfmt
+                                                               width:width height:height
+                                                           mipmapped:(mips>1)?YES:NO];
+            desc.usage = MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
+            desc.mipmapLevelCount = mips;
+            m_tex = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+            const uint8_t* dataIt = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
+            for (size_t i=0 ; i<mips ; ++i)
+            {
+                [m_tex replaceRegion:MTLRegionMake2D(0, 0, width, height)
+                         mipmapLevel:i
+                           withBytes:dataIt
+                         bytesPerRow:width * ppitch];
+                dataIt += width * height * ppitch;
+                width /= 2;
+                height /= 2;
+            }
         }
     }
 public:
-    NSPtr<id<MTLTexture>> m_tex;
+    id<MTLTexture> m_tex;
     ~MetalTextureS() = default;
 };
     
@@ -139,31 +139,31 @@ class MetalTextureSA : public ITextureSA
         default: break;
         }
         
-        NSPtr<MTLTextureDescriptor*> desc;
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            desc = [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:pfmt
-                                                                      width:width height:height
-                                                                  mipmapped:NO];
-        }
-        desc.get().textureType = MTLTextureType2DArray;
-        desc.get().arrayLength = layers;
-        desc.get().usage = MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
-        m_tex = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-        const uint8_t* dataIt = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
-        for (size_t i=0 ; i<layers ; ++i)
-        {
-            [m_tex.get() replaceRegion:MTLRegionMake2D(0, 0, width, height)
-                           mipmapLevel:0
-                                 slice:i
-                             withBytes:dataIt
-                           bytesPerRow:width * ppitch
-                         bytesPerImage:width * height * ppitch];
-            dataIt += width * height * ppitch;
+            MTLTextureDescriptor* desc =
+            [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:pfmt
+                                                               width:width height:height
+                                                           mipmapped:NO];
+            desc.textureType = MTLTextureType2DArray;
+            desc.arrayLength = layers;
+            desc.usage = MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
+            m_tex = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+            const uint8_t* dataIt = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
+            for (size_t i=0 ; i<layers ; ++i)
+            {
+                [m_tex replaceRegion:MTLRegionMake2D(0, 0, width, height)
+                         mipmapLevel:0
+                               slice:i
+                           withBytes:dataIt
+                         bytesPerRow:width * ppitch
+                       bytesPerImage:width * height * ppitch];
+                dataIt += width * height * ppitch;
+            }
         }
     }
 public:
-    NSPtr<id<MTLTexture>> m_tex;
+    id<MTLTexture> m_tex;
     ~MetalTextureSA() = default;
 };
     
@@ -199,20 +199,20 @@ class MetalTextureD : public ITextureD
         m_cpuSz = width * height * m_pxPitch;
         m_cpuBuf.reset(new uint8_t[m_cpuSz]);
         
-        NSPtr<MTLTextureDescriptor*> desc;
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            desc = [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:format
-                                                                      width:width height:height
-                                                                  mipmapped:NO];
+            MTLTextureDescriptor* desc =
+            [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:format
+                                                               width:width height:height
+                                                           mipmapped:NO];
+            desc.usage = MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
+            m_texs[0] = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+            m_texs[1] = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
         }
-        desc.get().usage = MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
-        m_texs[0] = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-        m_texs[1] = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
     }
     void update(int b);
 public:
-    NSPtr<id<MTLTexture>> m_texs[2];
+    id<MTLTexture> m_texs[2];
     ~MetalTextureD() = default;
     
     void load(const void* data, size_t sz);
@@ -230,49 +230,49 @@ class MetalTextureR : public ITextureR
     
     void Setup(MetalContext* ctx, size_t width, size_t height, size_t samples)
     {
-        NSPtr<MTLTextureDescriptor*> desc;
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            desc = [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:MTLPixelFormatBGRA8Unorm
-                                                                      width:width height:height
-                                                                  mipmapped:NO];
+            MTLTextureDescriptor* desc =
+            [MTLTextureDescriptor texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:MTLPixelFormatBGRA8Unorm
+                                                               width:width height:height
+                                                           mipmapped:NO];
             m_passDesc = [MTLRenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescriptor];
-        }
-        desc.get().usage = MTLTextureUsageRenderTarget | MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
-        desc.get().storageMode = MTLStorageModePrivate;
+            desc.usage = MTLTextureUsageRenderTarget | MTLTextureUsageShaderRead;
+            desc.storageMode = MTLStorageModePrivate;
 
-        m_tex = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-        
-        if (samples > 1)
-        {
-            desc.get().textureType = MTLTextureType2DMultisample;
-            desc.get().sampleCount = samples;
-            m_msaaTex = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-            
-            desc.get().pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatDepth32Float;
-            m_depthTex = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-            
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].texture = m_msaaTex.get();
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].resolveTexture = m_tex.get();
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].storeAction = MTLStoreActionMultisampleResolve;
-            
-            m_passDesc.get().depthAttachment.texture = m_depthTex.get();
-            m_passDesc.get().depthAttachment.loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
-            m_passDesc.get().depthAttachment.storeAction = MTLStoreActionDontCare;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            desc.get().pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatDepth32Float;
-            m_depthTex = [ctx->m_dev.get() newTextureWithDescriptor:desc.get()];
-            
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].texture = m_tex.get();
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
-            m_passDesc.get().colorAttachments[0].storeAction = MTLStoreActionStore;
-            
-            m_passDesc.get().depthAttachment.texture = m_depthTex.get();
-            m_passDesc.get().depthAttachment.loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
-            m_passDesc.get().depthAttachment.storeAction = MTLStoreActionDontCare;
+            m_tex = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+
+            if (samples > 1)
+            {
+                desc.textureType = MTLTextureType2DMultisample;
+                desc.sampleCount = samples;
+                m_msaaTex = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+
+                desc.pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatDepth32Float;
+                m_depthTex = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].texture = m_msaaTex;
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].resolveTexture = m_tex;
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].storeAction = MTLStoreActionMultisampleResolve;
+
+                m_passDesc.depthAttachment.texture = m_depthTex;
+                m_passDesc.depthAttachment.loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
+                m_passDesc.depthAttachment.storeAction = MTLStoreActionDontCare;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                desc.pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatDepth32Float;
+                m_depthTex = [ctx->m_dev newTextureWithDescriptor:desc];
+
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].texture = m_tex;
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
+                m_passDesc.colorAttachments[0].storeAction = MTLStoreActionStore;
+
+                m_passDesc.depthAttachment.texture = m_depthTex;
+                m_passDesc.depthAttachment.loadAction = MTLLoadActionClear;
+                m_passDesc.depthAttachment.storeAction = MTLStoreActionDontCare;
+            }
         }
     }
     
@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ class MetalTextureR : public ITextureR
     }
 public:
     size_t samples() const {return m_samples;}
-    NSPtr<id<MTLTexture>> m_tex;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLTexture>> m_msaaTex;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLTexture>> m_depthTex;
-    NSPtr<MTLRenderPassDescriptor*> m_passDesc;
+    id<MTLTexture> m_tex;
+    id<MTLTexture> m_msaaTex;
+    id<MTLTexture> m_depthTex;
+    MTLRenderPassDescriptor* m_passDesc;
     ~MetalTextureR() = default;
     
     void resize(MetalContext* ctx, size_t width, size_t height)
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ public:
         Setup(ctx, width, height, m_samples);
     }
     
-    id<MTLTexture> getRenderColorRes() {if (m_samples > 1) return m_msaaTex.get(); return m_tex.get();}
+    id<MTLTexture> getRenderColorRes() {if (m_samples > 1) return m_msaaTex; return m_tex;}
 };
     
 static const size_t SEMANTIC_SIZE_TABLE[] =
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ static const MTLVertexFormat SEMANTIC_TYPE_TABLE[] =
 struct MetalVertexFormat : IVertexFormat
 {
     size_t m_elementCount;
-    NSPtr<MTLVertexDescriptor*> m_vdesc;
+    MTLVertexDescriptor* m_vdesc;
     MetalVertexFormat(size_t elementCount, const VertexElementDescriptor* elements)
     : m_elementCount(elementCount)
     {
@@ -354,12 +354,12 @@ struct MetalVertexFormat : IVertexFormat
         }
         
         m_vdesc = [MTLVertexDescriptor vertexDescriptor];
-        MTLVertexBufferLayoutDescriptor* layoutDesc = m_vdesc.get().layouts[0];
+        MTLVertexBufferLayoutDescriptor* layoutDesc = m_vdesc.layouts[0];
         layoutDesc.stride = stride;
         layoutDesc.stepFunction = MTLVertexStepFunctionPerVertex;
         layoutDesc.stepRate = 1;
         
-        layoutDesc = m_vdesc.get().layouts[1];
+        layoutDesc = m_vdesc.layouts[1];
         layoutDesc.stride = instStride;
         layoutDesc.stepFunction = MTLVertexStepFunctionPerInstance;
         layoutDesc.stepRate = 1;
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ struct MetalVertexFormat : IVertexFormat
         for (size_t i=0 ; i<elementCount ; ++i)
         {
             const VertexElementDescriptor* elemin = &elements[i];
-            MTLVertexAttributeDescriptor* attrDesc = m_vdesc.get().attributes[i];
+            MTLVertexAttributeDescriptor* attrDesc = m_vdesc.attributes[i];
             int semantic = int(elemin->semantic & VertexSemantic::SemanticMask);
             if ((elemin->semantic & VertexSemantic::Instanced) != VertexSemantic::None)
             {
@@ -415,40 +415,40 @@ class MetalShaderPipeline : public IShaderPipeline
         if (backfaceCulling)
             m_cullMode = MTLCullModeBack;
         
-        NSPtr<MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor*> desc = [MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor new];
-        desc.get().vertexFunction = vert;
-        desc.get().fragmentFunction = frag;
-        desc.get().vertexDescriptor = vtxFmt->m_vdesc.get();
-        desc.get().sampleCount = targetSamples;
-        desc.get().colorAttachments[0].pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatBGRA8Unorm;
-        desc.get().colorAttachments[0].blendingEnabled = dstFac != BlendFactor::Zero;
-        desc.get().colorAttachments[0].sourceRGBBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(srcFac)];
-        desc.get().colorAttachments[0].destinationRGBBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(dstFac)];
-        desc.get().depthAttachmentPixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatDepth32Float;
-        desc.get().inputPrimitiveTopology = MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassTriangle;
+        MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor* desc = [MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor new];
+        desc.vertexFunction = vert;
+        desc.fragmentFunction = frag;
+        desc.vertexDescriptor = vtxFmt->m_vdesc;
+        desc.sampleCount = targetSamples;
+        desc.colorAttachments[0].pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatBGRA8Unorm;
+        desc.colorAttachments[0].blendingEnabled = dstFac != BlendFactor::Zero;
+        desc.colorAttachments[0].sourceRGBBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(srcFac)];
+        desc.colorAttachments[0].destinationRGBBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(dstFac)];
+        desc.depthAttachmentPixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatDepth32Float;
+        desc.inputPrimitiveTopology = MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassTriangle;
         NSError* err = nullptr;
-        m_state = [ctx->m_dev.get() newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor:desc.get() error:&err];
+        m_state = [ctx->m_dev newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor:desc error:&err];
         if (err)
             Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "error making shader pipeline: %s",
                        [[err localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
         
-        NSPtr<MTLDepthStencilDescriptor*> dsDesc = [MTLDepthStencilDescriptor new];
+        MTLDepthStencilDescriptor* dsDesc = [MTLDepthStencilDescriptor new];
         if (depthTest)
-            dsDesc.get().depthCompareFunction = MTLCompareFunctionLessEqual;
-        dsDesc.get().depthWriteEnabled = depthWrite;
-        m_dsState = [ctx->m_dev.get() newDepthStencilStateWithDescriptor:dsDesc.get()];
+            dsDesc.depthCompareFunction = MTLCompareFunctionLessEqual;
+        dsDesc.depthWriteEnabled = depthWrite;
+        m_dsState = [ctx->m_dev newDepthStencilStateWithDescriptor:dsDesc];
     }
 public:
-    NSPtr<id<MTLRenderPipelineState>> m_state;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLDepthStencilState>> m_dsState;
+    id<MTLRenderPipelineState> m_state;
+    id<MTLDepthStencilState> m_dsState;
     ~MetalShaderPipeline() = default;
     MetalShaderPipeline& operator=(const MetalShaderPipeline&) = delete;
     MetalShaderPipeline(const MetalShaderPipeline&) = delete;
     
     void bind(id<MTLRenderCommandEncoder> enc)
     {
-        [enc setRenderPipelineState:m_state.get()];
-        [enc setDepthStencilState:m_dsState.get()];
+        [enc setRenderPipelineState:m_state];
+        [enc setDepthStencilState:m_dsState];
         [enc setCullMode:m_cullMode];
     }
 };
@@ -458,12 +458,12 @@ static id<MTLBuffer> GetBufferGPUResource(const IGraphicsBuffer* buf, int idx)
     if (buf->dynamic())
     {
         const MetalGraphicsBufferD* cbuf = static_cast<const MetalGraphicsBufferD*>(buf);
-        return cbuf->m_bufs[idx].get();
+        return cbuf->m_bufs[idx];
     }
     else
     {
         const MetalGraphicsBufferS* cbuf = static_cast<const MetalGraphicsBufferS*>(buf);
-        return cbuf->m_buf.get();
+        return cbuf->m_buf;
     }
 }
 
@@ -474,22 +474,22 @@ static id<MTLTexture> GetTextureGPUResource(const ITexture* tex, int idx)
     case TextureType::Dynamic:
     {
         const MetalTextureD* ctex = static_cast<const MetalTextureD*>(tex);
-        return ctex->m_texs[idx].get();
+        return ctex->m_texs[idx];
     }
     case TextureType::Static:
     {
         const MetalTextureS* ctex = static_cast<const MetalTextureS*>(tex);
-        return ctex->m_tex.get();
+        return ctex->m_tex;
     }
     case TextureType::StaticArray:
     {
         const MetalTextureSA* ctex = static_cast<const MetalTextureSA*>(tex);
-        return ctex->m_tex.get();
+        return ctex->m_tex;
     }
     case TextureType::Render:
     {
         const MetalTextureR* ctex = static_cast<const MetalTextureR*>(tex);
-        return ctex->m_tex.get();
+        return ctex->m_tex;
     }
     default: break;
     }
@@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     MetalContext* m_ctx;
     IWindow* m_parentWindow;
     IGraphicsContext* m_parent;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLCommandBuffer>> m_cmdBuf;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLRenderCommandEncoder>> m_enc;
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> m_cmdBuf;
+    id<MTLRenderCommandEncoder> m_enc;
     bool m_running = true;
     
     size_t m_fillBuf = 0;
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     {
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            m_cmdBuf = [ctx->m_q.get() commandBuffer];
+            m_cmdBuf = [ctx->m_q commandBuffer];
         }
     }
     
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     {
         m_running = false;
         if (m_inProgress)
-            [m_cmdBuf.get() waitUntilCompleted];
+            [m_cmdBuf waitUntilCompleted];
     }
     
     ~MetalCommandQueue()
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     void setShaderDataBinding(IShaderDataBinding* binding)
     {
         MetalShaderDataBinding* cbind = static_cast<MetalShaderDataBinding*>(binding);
-        cbind->bind(m_enc.get(), m_fillBuf);
+        cbind->bind(m_enc, m_fillBuf);
         m_boundData = cbind;
     }
     
@@ -587,10 +587,10 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     void setRenderTarget(ITextureR* target)
     {
         MetalTextureR* ctarget = static_cast<MetalTextureR*>(target);
-        [m_enc.get() endEncoding];
+        [m_enc endEncoding];
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            m_enc = [m_cmdBuf.get() renderCommandEncoderWithDescriptor:ctarget->m_passDesc.get()];
+            m_enc = [m_cmdBuf renderCommandEncoderWithDescriptor:ctarget->m_passDesc];
         }
         m_boundTarget = ctarget;
     }
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     {
         MTLViewport vp = {double(rect.location[0]), double(rect.location[1]),
                           double(rect.size[0]), double(rect.size[1]), 0.0, 1.0};
-        [m_enc.get() setViewport:vp];
+        [m_enc setViewport:vp];
     }
     
     void setScissor(const SWindowRect& rect)
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
             MTLScissorRect scissor = {NSUInteger(rect.location[0]),
                 NSUInteger(m_boundTarget->m_height - rect.location[1] - rect.size[1]),
                 NSUInteger(rect.size[0]), NSUInteger(rect.size[1])};
-            [m_enc.get() setScissorRect:scissor];
+            [m_enc setScissorRect:scissor];
         }
     }
         
@@ -654,31 +654,31 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
     
     void draw(size_t start, size_t count)
     {
-        [m_enc.get() drawPrimitives:m_primType vertexStart:start vertexCount:count];
+        [m_enc drawPrimitives:m_primType vertexStart:start vertexCount:count];
     }
     
     void drawIndexed(size_t start, size_t count)
     {
-        [m_enc.get() drawIndexedPrimitives:m_primType
-                                indexCount:count
-                                 indexType:MTLIndexTypeUInt32
-                               indexBuffer:GetBufferGPUResource(m_boundData->m_ibuf, m_fillBuf)
-                         indexBufferOffset:start*4];
+        [m_enc drawIndexedPrimitives:m_primType
+                          indexCount:count
+                           indexType:MTLIndexTypeUInt32
+                         indexBuffer:GetBufferGPUResource(m_boundData->m_ibuf, m_fillBuf)
+                   indexBufferOffset:start*4];
     }
     
     void drawInstances(size_t start, size_t count, size_t instCount)
     {
-        [m_enc.get() drawPrimitives:m_primType vertexStart:start vertexCount:count instanceCount:instCount];
+        [m_enc drawPrimitives:m_primType vertexStart:start vertexCount:count instanceCount:instCount];
     }
     
     void drawInstancesIndexed(size_t start, size_t count, size_t instCount)
     {
-        [m_enc.get() drawIndexedPrimitives:m_primType
-                                indexCount:count
-                                 indexType:MTLIndexTypeUInt32
-                               indexBuffer:GetBufferGPUResource(m_boundData->m_ibuf, m_fillBuf)
-                         indexBufferOffset:start*4
-                             instanceCount:instCount];
+        [m_enc drawIndexedPrimitives:m_primType
+                          indexCount:count
+                           indexType:MTLIndexTypeUInt32
+                         indexBuffer:GetBufferGPUResource(m_boundData->m_ibuf, m_fillBuf)
+                   indexBufferOffset:start*4
+                       instanceCount:instCount];
     }
     
     MetalTextureR* m_needsDisplay = nullptr;
@@ -707,13 +707,13 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
         
         @autoreleasepool
         {
-            [m_enc.get() endEncoding];
-            m_enc.reset();
+            [m_enc endEncoding];
+            m_enc = nullptr;
             
             /* Abandon if in progress (renderer too slow) */
             if (m_inProgress)
             {
-                m_cmdBuf = [m_ctx->m_q.get() commandBuffer];
+                m_cmdBuf = [m_ctx->m_q commandBuffer];
                 return;
             }
             
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
                 for (const auto& resize : m_texResizes)
                     resize.first->resize(m_ctx, resize.second.first, resize.second.second);
                 m_texResizes.clear();
-                m_cmdBuf = [m_ctx->m_q.get() commandBuffer];
+                m_cmdBuf = [m_ctx->m_q commandBuffer];
                 return;
             }
             
@@ -747,11 +747,11 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
                     if (drawable)
                     {
                         id<MTLTexture> dest = drawable.texture;
-                        if (m_needsDisplay->m_tex.get().width == dest.width &&
-                            m_needsDisplay->m_tex.get().height == dest.height)
+                        if (m_needsDisplay->m_tex.width == dest.width &&
+                            m_needsDisplay->m_tex.height == dest.height)
                         {
-                            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> blitEnc = [m_cmdBuf.get() blitCommandEncoder];
-                            [blitEnc copyFromTexture:m_needsDisplay->m_tex.get()
+                            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> blitEnc = [m_cmdBuf blitCommandEncoder];
+                            [blitEnc copyFromTexture:m_needsDisplay->m_tex
                                          sourceSlice:0
                                          sourceLevel:0
                                         sourceOrigin:MTLOriginMake(0, 0, 0)
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
                                     destinationLevel:0
                                    destinationOrigin:MTLOriginMake(0, 0, 0)];
                             [blitEnc endEncoding];
-                            [m_cmdBuf.get() presentDrawable:drawable];
+                            [m_cmdBuf presentDrawable:drawable];
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -771,10 +771,10 @@ struct MetalCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
             m_drawBuf = m_fillBuf;
             m_fillBuf ^= 1;
             
-            [m_cmdBuf.get() addCompletedHandler:^(id<MTLCommandBuffer> buf) {m_inProgress = false;}];
+            [m_cmdBuf addCompletedHandler:^(id<MTLCommandBuffer> buf) {m_inProgress = false;}];
             m_inProgress = true;
-            [m_cmdBuf.get() commit];
-            m_cmdBuf = [m_ctx->m_q.get() commandBuffer];
+            [m_cmdBuf commit];
+            m_cmdBuf = [m_ctx->m_q commandBuffer];
         }
     }
 };
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ void MetalGraphicsBufferD::update(int b)
     int slot = 1 << b;
     if ((slot & m_validSlots) == 0)
     {
-        id<MTLBuffer> res = m_bufs[b].get();
+        id<MTLBuffer> res = m_bufs[b];
         memcpy(res.contents, m_cpuBuf.get(), m_sz);
         m_validSlots |= slot;
     }
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ void MetalTextureD::update(int b)
     int slot = 1 << b;
     if ((slot & m_validSlots) == 0)
     {
-        id<MTLTexture> res = m_texs[b].get();
+        id<MTLTexture> res = m_texs[b];
         [res replaceRegion:MTLRegionMake2D(0, 0, m_width, m_height)
                mipmapLevel:0 withBytes:m_cpuBuf.get() bytesPerRow:m_width*m_pxPitch];
         m_validSlots |= slot;
@@ -924,25 +924,25 @@ IShaderPipeline* MetalDataFactory::newShaderPipeline(const char* vertSource, con
                                                      BlendFactor srcFac, BlendFactor dstFac,
                                                      bool depthTest, bool depthWrite, bool backfaceCulling)
 {
-    NSPtr<MTLCompileOptions*> compOpts = [MTLCompileOptions new];
-    compOpts.get().languageVersion = MTLLanguageVersion1_1;
+    MTLCompileOptions* compOpts = [MTLCompileOptions new];
+    compOpts.languageVersion = MTLLanguageVersion1_1;
     NSError* err = nullptr;
     
-    NSPtr<id<MTLLibrary>> vertShaderLib = [m_ctx->m_dev.get() newLibraryWithSource:@(vertSource)
-                                                                           options:compOpts.get()
-                                                                             error:&err];
+    id<MTLLibrary> vertShaderLib = [m_ctx->m_dev newLibraryWithSource:@(vertSource)
+                                                              options:compOpts
+                                                                error:&err];
     if (err)
         Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "error compiling vert shader: %s", [[err localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
-    NSPtr<id<MTLFunction>> vertFunc = [vertShaderLib.get() newFunctionWithName:@"vmain"];
+    id<MTLFunction> vertFunc = [vertShaderLib newFunctionWithName:@"vmain"];
     
-    NSPtr<id<MTLLibrary>> fragShaderLib = [m_ctx->m_dev.get() newLibraryWithSource:@(fragSource)
-                                                                           options:compOpts.get()
-                                                                             error:&err];
+    id<MTLLibrary> fragShaderLib = [m_ctx->m_dev newLibraryWithSource:@(fragSource)
+                                                              options:compOpts
+                                                                error:&err];
     if (err)
         Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "error compiling frag shader: %s", [[err localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
-    NSPtr<id<MTLFunction>> fragFunc = [fragShaderLib.get() newFunctionWithName:@"fmain"];
+    id<MTLFunction> fragFunc = [fragShaderLib newFunctionWithName:@"fmain"];
     
-    MetalShaderPipeline* retval = new MetalShaderPipeline(m_ctx, vertFunc.get(), fragFunc.get(),
+    MetalShaderPipeline* retval = new MetalShaderPipeline(m_ctx, vertFunc, fragFunc,
                                                           static_cast<const MetalVertexFormat*>(vtxFmt), targetSamples,
                                                           srcFac, dstFac, depthTest, depthWrite, backfaceCulling);
     if (!m_deferredData.get())
diff --git a/lib/graphicsdev/Vulkan.cpp b/lib/graphicsdev/Vulkan.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a660ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/graphicsdev/Vulkan.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "boo/graphicsdev/Vulkan.hpp"
+#include "boo/IGraphicsContext.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+#include <glslang/Public/ShaderLang.h>
+#include <SPIRV/GlslangToSpv.h>
+
+#include <LogVisor/LogVisor.hpp>
+
+#undef min
+#undef max
+
+static const TBuiltInResource DefaultBuiltInResource =
+{
+    32,
+    6,
+    32,
+    32,
+    64,
+    4096,
+    64,
+    32,
+    80,
+    32,
+    4096,
+    32,
+    128,
+    8,
+    16,
+    16,
+    15,
+    -8,
+    7,
+    8,
+    65535,
+    65535,
+    65535,
+    1024,
+    1024,
+    64,
+    1024,
+    16,
+    8,
+    8,
+    1,
+    60,
+    64,
+    64,
+    128,
+    128,
+    8,
+    8,
+    8,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    8,
+    8,
+    16,
+    256,
+    1024,
+    1024,
+    64,
+    128,
+    128,
+    16,
+    1024,
+    4096,
+    128,
+    128,
+    16,
+    1024,
+    120,
+    32,
+    64,
+    16,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    8,
+    8,
+    1,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    1,
+    1,
+    16384,
+    4,
+    64,
+    8,
+    8,
+    4,
+
+    {
+        1,
+        1,
+        1,
+        1,
+        1,
+        1,
+        1,
+        1,
+        1
+    }
+};
+
+namespace boo
+{
+static LogVisor::LogModule Log("boo::Vulkan");
+
+IShaderPipeline* VulkanDataFactory::newShaderPipeline
+(const char* vertSource, const char* fragSource,
+ std::vector<unsigned int>& vertBlobOut, std::vector<unsigned int>& fragBlobOut,
+ std::vector<unsigned int>& pipelineBlob,
+ size_t texCount, const char* texArrayName,
+ size_t uniformBlockCount, const char** uniformBlockNames,
+ BlendFactor srcFac, BlendFactor dstFac,
+ bool depthTest, bool depthWrite, bool backfaceCulling)
+{
+    if (vertBlobOut.empty() || fragBlobOut.empty())
+    {
+        glslang::TShader vs(EShLangVertex);
+        vs.setStrings(&vertSource, 1);
+        if (!vs.parse(&DefaultBuiltInResource, 110, true, EShMsgDefault))
+        {
+            Log.report(LogVisor::Error, "unable to compile vertex shader\n%s", vs.getInfoLog());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        glslang::TShader fs(EShLangFragment);
+        fs.setStrings(&fragSource, 1);
+        if (!fs.parse(&DefaultBuiltInResource, 110, true, EShMsgDefault))
+        {
+            Log.report(LogVisor::Error, "unable to compile fragment shader\n%s", fs.getInfoLog());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        glslang::TProgram prog;
+        prog.addShader(&vs);
+        prog.addShader(&fs);
+        if (!prog.link(EShMsgDefault))
+        {
+            Log.report(LogVisor::Error, "unable to link shader program\n%s", prog.getInfoLog());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        glslang::GlslangToSpv(*prog.getIntermediate(EShLangVertex), vertBlobOut);
+        glslang::GlslangToSpv(*prog.getIntermediate(EShLangFragment), fragBlobOut);
+    }
+
+    /* TODO: The actual Vulkan API stuff */
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/lib/mac/ApplicationCocoa.mm b/lib/mac/ApplicationCocoa.mm
index 4dafbed..f369c96 100644
--- a/lib/mac/ApplicationCocoa.mm
+++ b/lib/mac/ApplicationCocoa.mm
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ namespace boo {class ApplicationCocoa;}
 {
     boo::ApplicationCocoa* m_app;
     @public
-    NSPanel* aboutPanel;
 }
 - (id)initWithApp:(boo::ApplicationCocoa*)app;
 @end
@@ -69,36 +68,20 @@ public:
         [[NSApplication sharedApplication] setDelegate:m_appDelegate];
         
         /* App menu */
-        NSMenu* appMenu = [[NSMenu alloc] initWithTitle:@"main"];
-        NSMenu* rwkMenu = [[NSMenu alloc] initWithTitle:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:m_friendlyName.c_str()]];
-        [rwkMenu addItemWithTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"About %s", m_friendlyName.c_str()]
-                           action:@selector(aboutApp:)
-                    keyEquivalent:@""];
-        NSMenuItem* fsItem = [rwkMenu addItemWithTitle:@"Toggle Full Screen"
+        NSMenu* rootMenu = [[NSMenu alloc] initWithTitle:@"main"];
+        NSMenu* appMenu = [[NSMenu alloc] initWithTitle:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:m_friendlyName.c_str()]];
+        NSMenuItem* fsItem = [appMenu addItemWithTitle:@"Toggle Full Screen"
                                                 action:@selector(toggleFs:)
                                          keyEquivalent:@"f"];
         [fsItem setKeyEquivalentModifierMask:NSCommandKeyMask];
-        [rwkMenu addItem:[NSMenuItem separatorItem]];
-        NSMenuItem* quit_item = [rwkMenu addItemWithTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Quit %s", m_friendlyName.c_str()]
-                                                   action:@selector(quitApp:)
-                                            keyEquivalent:@"q"];
-        [quit_item setKeyEquivalentModifierMask:NSCommandKeyMask];
-        [[appMenu addItemWithTitle:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:m_friendlyName.c_str()]
-                            action:nil keyEquivalent:@""] setSubmenu:rwkMenu];
-        [[NSApplication sharedApplication] setMainMenu:appMenu];
-        
-        /* About panel */
-        NSRect aboutCr = NSMakeRect(0, 0, 300, 220);
-        aboutPanel = [[NSPanel alloc] initWithContentRect:aboutCr
-                                                styleMask:NSUtilityWindowMask|NSTitledWindowMask|NSClosableWindowMask
-                                                  backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered defer:YES];
-        [aboutPanel setTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"About %s", m_friendlyName.c_str()]];
-        NSText* aboutText = [[NSText alloc] initWithFrame:aboutCr];
-        [aboutText setEditable:NO];
-        [aboutText setAlignment:NSCenterTextAlignment];
-        [aboutText setString:@"\nBoo Authors\n\nJackoalan\nAntidote\n"];
-        [aboutPanel setContentView:aboutText];
-        m_appDelegate->aboutPanel = aboutPanel;
+        [appMenu addItem:[NSMenuItem separatorItem]];
+        NSMenuItem* quitItem = [appMenu addItemWithTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Quit %s", m_friendlyName.c_str()]
+                                                  action:@selector(quitApp:)
+                                           keyEquivalent:@"q"];
+        [quitItem setKeyEquivalentModifierMask:NSCommandKeyMask];
+        [[rootMenu addItemWithTitle:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:m_friendlyName.c_str()]
+                            action:nil keyEquivalent:@""] setSubmenu:appMenu];
+        [[NSApplication sharedApplication] setMainMenu:rootMenu];
         
         /* Determine which graphics API to use */
 #if BOO_HAS_METAL
@@ -106,7 +89,7 @@ public:
             if (!arg.compare("--metal"))
             {
                 m_metalCtx.m_dev = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
-                m_metalCtx.m_q = [m_metalCtx.m_dev.get() newCommandQueue];
+                m_metalCtx.m_q = [m_metalCtx.m_dev newCommandQueue];
                 Log.report(LogVisor::Info, "using Metal renderer");
                 break;
             }
@@ -133,8 +116,10 @@ public:
             m_clientReturn = m_callback.appMain(this);
             
             /* Cleanup here */
+            std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IWindow>> toDelete;
+            toDelete.reserve(m_windows.size());
             for (auto& window : m_windows)
-                delete window.second;
+                toDelete.emplace_back(window.second);
         });
         
         /* Already in Cocoa's event loop; return now */
@@ -245,16 +230,6 @@ int ApplicationRun(IApplication::EPlatformType platform,
     (void)sender;
     return YES;
 }
-- (IBAction)aboutApp:(id)sender
-{
-    (void)sender;
-    NSRect screenFrame = [[aboutPanel screen] frame];
-    CGFloat xPos = NSWidth(screenFrame)/2 - 300/2;
-    CGFloat yPos = NSHeight(screenFrame)/2 - 220/2;
-    NSRect aboutCr = NSMakeRect(xPos, yPos, 300, 220);
-    [aboutPanel setFrame:aboutCr display:NO];
-    [aboutPanel makeKeyAndOrderFront:self];
-}
 - (IBAction)toggleFs:(id)sender
 {
     (void)sender;
diff --git a/lib/mac/CocoaCommon.hpp b/lib/mac/CocoaCommon.hpp
index f457a54..d748ee0 100644
--- a/lib/mac/CocoaCommon.hpp
+++ b/lib/mac/CocoaCommon.hpp
@@ -7,40 +7,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <Availability.h>
-#include <utility>
-
-template <class T>
-class NSPtr
-{
-    void* m_ptr = nullptr;
-public:
-    NSPtr() = default;
-    ~NSPtr()
-    {
-        T ptr = (__bridge_transfer T)m_ptr;
-        (void)ptr;
-    }
-    NSPtr(T&& recv) {*this = std::move(recv);}
-    NSPtr& operator=(T&& recv)
-    {
-        T old = (__bridge_transfer T)m_ptr;
-        (void)old;
-        m_ptr = (__bridge_retained void*)recv;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    NSPtr(const NSPtr& other) = delete;
-    NSPtr(NSPtr&& other) = default;
-    NSPtr& operator=(const NSPtr& other) = delete;
-    NSPtr& operator=(NSPtr&& other) = default;
-    operator bool() const {return m_ptr != 0;}
-    T get() const {return (__bridge T)m_ptr;}
-    void reset()
-    {
-        T old = (__bridge_transfer T)m_ptr;
-        (void)old;
-        m_ptr = nullptr;
-    }
-};
 
 #if __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 101100
 #define BOO_HAS_METAL 1
@@ -55,8 +21,8 @@ namespace boo
 class IWindow;
 struct MetalContext
 {
-    NSPtr<id<MTLDevice>> m_dev;
-    NSPtr<id<MTLCommandQueue>> m_q;
+    id<MTLDevice> m_dev = nullptr;
+    id<MTLCommandQueue> m_q = nullptr;
     struct Window
     {
         CAMetalLayer* m_metalLayer = nullptr;
diff --git a/lib/mac/WindowCocoa.mm b/lib/mac/WindowCocoa.mm
index 2102e00..f0e56d7 100644
--- a/lib/mac/WindowCocoa.mm
+++ b/lib/mac/WindowCocoa.mm
@@ -1107,8 +1107,8 @@ static boo::ESpecialKey translateKeycode(short code)
 
 - (void)reshape
 {
-    boo::SWindowRect rect = {{int(self.frame.origin.x), int(self.frame.origin.y)},
-                             {int(self.frame.size.width), int(self.frame.size.height)}};
+    boo::SWindowRect rect = {int(self.frame.origin.x), int(self.frame.origin.y),
+                             int(self.frame.size.width), int(self.frame.size.height)};
     if (resp->booContext->m_callback)
         resp->booContext->m_callback->resized(rect);
     [super reshape];
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ static boo::ESpecialKey translateKeycode(short code)
 - (CALayer*)makeBackingLayer
 {
     CAMetalLayer* layer = [CAMetalLayer new];
-    layer.device = m_ctx->m_dev.get();
+    layer.device = m_ctx->m_dev;
     layer.pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatBGRA8Unorm;
     layer.framebufferOnly = NO;
     return layer;
@@ -1177,8 +1177,8 @@ static boo::ESpecialKey translateKeycode(short code)
 
 - (void)reshapeHandler
 {
-    boo::SWindowRect rect = {{int(self.frame.origin.x), int(self.frame.origin.y)},
-        {int(self.frame.size.width), int(self.frame.size.height)}};
+    boo::SWindowRect rect = {int(self.frame.origin.x), int(self.frame.origin.y),
+                             int(self.frame.size.width), int(self.frame.size.height)};
     boo::MetalContext::Window& w = m_ctx->m_windows[m_window];
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(w.m_resizeLock);
     if (resp->booContext->m_callback)
@@ -1222,34 +1222,31 @@ class WindowCocoa : public IWindow
     WindowCocoaInternal* m_nsWindow;
     GraphicsContextCocoa* m_gfxCtx;
     EMouseCursor m_cursor = EMouseCursor::None;
+    bool m_closed = false;
 
 public:
 
     WindowCocoa(const std::string& title, NSOpenGLContext* lastGLCtx, MetalContext* metalCtx)
     {
-        dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(),
-        ^{
-            m_nsWindow = [[WindowCocoaInternal alloc] initWithBooWindow:this title:title];
+        m_nsWindow = [[WindowCocoaInternal alloc] initWithBooWindow:this title:title];
 #if BOO_HAS_METAL
-            if (metalCtx->m_dev)
-                m_gfxCtx = static_cast<GraphicsContextCocoa*>(_GraphicsContextCocoaMetalNew(IGraphicsContext::EGraphicsAPI::Metal, this, metalCtx));
-            else
+        if (metalCtx->m_dev)
+            m_gfxCtx = static_cast<GraphicsContextCocoa*>(_GraphicsContextCocoaMetalNew(IGraphicsContext::EGraphicsAPI::Metal, this, metalCtx));
+        else
 #endif
-                m_gfxCtx = static_cast<GraphicsContextCocoa*>(_GraphicsContextCocoaGLNew(IGraphicsContext::EGraphicsAPI::OpenGL3_3, this, lastGLCtx));
-            m_gfxCtx->initializeContext();
-        });
+            m_gfxCtx = static_cast<GraphicsContextCocoa*>(_GraphicsContextCocoaGLNew(IGraphicsContext::EGraphicsAPI::OpenGL3_3, this, lastGLCtx));
+        m_gfxCtx->initializeContext();
     }
     
     void _clearWindow()
     {
-        /* Caller consumes reference on its own */
-        (void)(__bridge_retained void*)m_nsWindow;
-        m_nsWindow = nullptr;
+        m_closed = true;
     }
     
     ~WindowCocoa()
     {
-        [m_nsWindow orderOut:nil];
+        if (!m_closed)
+            [m_nsWindow orderOut:nil];
         delete m_gfxCtx;
         APP->_deletedWindow(this);
     }
@@ -1309,6 +1306,9 @@ public:
             case EMouseCursor::IBeam:
                 [[NSCursor IBeamCursor] set];
                 break;
+            case EMouseCursor::Crosshairs:
+                [[NSCursor crosshairCursor] set];
+                break;
             default: break;
             }
         });
@@ -1491,7 +1491,12 @@ public:
     
 IWindow* _WindowCocoaNew(const SystemString& title, NSOpenGLContext* lastGLCtx, MetalContext* metalCtx)
 {
-    return new WindowCocoa(title, lastGLCtx, metalCtx);
+    __block IWindow* window = nullptr;
+    dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(),
+    ^{
+        window = new WindowCocoa(title, lastGLCtx, metalCtx);
+    });
+    return window;
 }
     
 }
@@ -1506,6 +1511,7 @@ IWindow* _WindowCocoaNew(const SystemString& title, NSOpenGLContext* lastGLCtx,
                                      NSResizableWindowMask
                              backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
                                defer:YES];
+    self.releasedWhenClosed = NO;
     self.title = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:title.c_str()];
     booWindow = bw;
     return self;
diff --git a/lib/win/ApplicationWin32.cpp b/lib/win/ApplicationWin32.cpp
index 63646a5..951f979 100644
--- a/lib/win/ApplicationWin32.cpp
+++ b/lib/win/ApplicationWin32.cpp
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ public:
         WIN32_CURSORS.m_hResize = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_SIZEWE);
         WIN32_CURSORS.m_vResize = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_SIZENS);
         WIN32_CURSORS.m_ibeam = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_IBEAM);
+        WIN32_CURSORS.m_crosshairs = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_CROSS);
         WIN32_CURSORS.m_wait = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_WAIT);
 
         HMODULE dxgilib = LoadLibraryW(L"dxgi.dll");
diff --git a/lib/win/Win32Common.hpp b/lib/win/Win32Common.hpp
index ee31028..30d1e83 100644
--- a/lib/win/Win32Common.hpp
+++ b/lib/win/Win32Common.hpp
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ struct Win32Cursors
     HCURSOR m_hResize;
     HCURSOR m_vResize;
     HCURSOR m_ibeam;
+    HCURSOR m_crosshairs;
     HCURSOR m_wait;
 };
 namespace boo
diff --git a/lib/win/WindowWin32.cpp b/lib/win/WindowWin32.cpp
index c468fb7..e02ac1e 100644
--- a/lib/win/WindowWin32.cpp
+++ b/lib/win/WindowWin32.cpp
@@ -698,6 +698,8 @@ class WindowWin32 : public IWindow
             return WIN32_CURSORS.m_vResize;
         case EMouseCursor::IBeam:
             return WIN32_CURSORS.m_ibeam;
+        case EMouseCursor::Crosshairs:
+            return WIN32_CURSORS.m_crosshairs;
         default: break;
         }
         return WIN32_CURSORS.m_arrow;
diff --git a/lib/x11/ApplicationXlib.hpp b/lib/x11/ApplicationXlib.hpp
index d97c348..668ff01 100644
--- a/lib/x11/ApplicationXlib.hpp
+++ b/lib/x11/ApplicationXlib.hpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class ApplicationXlib final : public IApplication
     std::unordered_map<Window, IWindow*> m_windows;
 
     Display* m_xDisp = nullptr;
-    XIM m_xIM;
+    XIM m_xIM = nullptr;
     XFontSet m_fontset;
     XIMStyle m_bestStyle = 0;
     int m_xDefaultScreen = 0;
@@ -260,51 +260,49 @@ public:
         if (XSetLocaleModifiers("") == nullptr)
             Log.report(LogVisor::Warning, "Cannot set locale modifiers.");
 
-        if ((m_xIM = XOpenIM(m_xDisp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr)) == nullptr)
+        if ((m_xIM = XOpenIM(m_xDisp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr)))
         {
-            Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "Couldn't open input method.");
-            return;
-        }
+            char** missing_charsets;
+            int num_missing_charsets = 0;
+            char* default_string;
+            m_fontset = XCreateFontSet(m_xDisp,
+                                       "-adobe-helvetica-*-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,\
+                                        -misc-fixed-*-r-*-*-*-130-*-*-*-*-*-*",
+                                       &missing_charsets, &num_missing_charsets,
+                                       &default_string);
 
-        char** missing_charsets;
-        int num_missing_charsets = 0;
-        char* default_string;
-        m_fontset = XCreateFontSet(m_xDisp,
-                                   "-adobe-helvetica-*-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,\
-                                    -misc-fixed-*-r-*-*-*-130-*-*-*-*-*-*",
-                                   &missing_charsets, &num_missing_charsets,
-                                   &default_string);
-
-        /* figure out which styles the IM can support */
-        XIMStyles* im_supported_styles;
-        XIMStyle app_supported_styles;
-        XGetIMValues(m_xIM, XNQueryInputStyle, &im_supported_styles, nullptr);
-        /* set flags for the styles our application can support */
-        app_supported_styles = XIMPreeditNone | XIMPreeditNothing | XIMPreeditPosition;
-        app_supported_styles |= XIMStatusNone | XIMStatusNothing;
-        /*
-         * now look at each of the IM supported styles, and
-         * chose the "best" one that we can support.
-         */
-        for (int i=0 ; i<im_supported_styles->count_styles ; ++i)
-        {
-            XIMStyle style = im_supported_styles->supported_styles[i];
-            if ((style & app_supported_styles) == style) /* if we can handle it */
-                m_bestStyle = ChooseBetterStyle(style, m_bestStyle);
+            /* figure out which styles the IM can support */
+            XIMStyles* im_supported_styles;
+            XIMStyle app_supported_styles;
+            XGetIMValues(m_xIM, XNQueryInputStyle, &im_supported_styles, nullptr);
+            /* set flags for the styles our application can support */
+            app_supported_styles = XIMPreeditNone | XIMPreeditNothing | XIMPreeditPosition;
+            app_supported_styles |= XIMStatusNone | XIMStatusNothing;
+            /*
+             * now look at each of the IM supported styles, and
+             * chose the "best" one that we can support.
+             */
+            for (int i=0 ; i<im_supported_styles->count_styles ; ++i)
+            {
+                XIMStyle style = im_supported_styles->supported_styles[i];
+                if ((style & app_supported_styles) == style) /* if we can handle it */
+                    m_bestStyle = ChooseBetterStyle(style, m_bestStyle);
+            }
+            /* if we couldn't support any of them, print an error and exit */
+            if (m_bestStyle == 0)
+            {
+                Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "interaction style not supported.");
+                return;
+            }
+            XFree(im_supported_styles);
         }
-        /* if we couldn't support any of them, print an error and exit */
-        if (m_bestStyle == 0)
-        {
-            Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "interaction style not supported.");
-            return;
-        }
-        XFree(im_supported_styles);
 
         m_xDefaultScreen = DefaultScreen(m_xDisp);
         X_CURSORS.m_pointer = XCreateFontCursor(m_xDisp, XC_left_ptr);
         X_CURSORS.m_hArrow = XCreateFontCursor(m_xDisp, XC_sb_h_double_arrow);
         X_CURSORS.m_vArrow = XCreateFontCursor(m_xDisp, XC_sb_v_double_arrow);
         X_CURSORS.m_ibeam = XCreateFontCursor(m_xDisp, XC_xterm);
+        X_CURSORS.m_crosshairs = XCreateFontCursor(m_xDisp, XC_cross);
         X_CURSORS.m_wait = XCreateFontCursor(m_xDisp, XC_watch);
 
         /* The xkb extension requests that the X server does not
diff --git a/lib/x11/WindowXlib.cpp b/lib/x11/WindowXlib.cpp
index d013b2e..d1332e0 100644
--- a/lib/x11/WindowXlib.cpp
+++ b/lib/x11/WindowXlib.cpp
@@ -495,11 +495,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void present()
-    {
-        XLockDisplay(m_xDisp);
-        glXSwapBuffers(m_xDisp, m_glxWindow);
-        XUnlockDisplay(m_xDisp);
-    }
+    { glXSwapBuffers(m_xDisp, m_glxWindow); }
 
 };
 
@@ -510,7 +506,7 @@ class WindowXlib : public IWindow
     Colormap m_colormapId;
     Window m_windowId;
     XIMStyle m_bestStyle;
-    XIC m_xIC;
+    XIC m_xIC = nullptr;
     GraphicsContextGLX m_gfxCtx;
     uint32_t m_visualId;
 
@@ -525,7 +521,7 @@ class WindowXlib : public IWindow
     double m_vScrollLast = 0.0;
 
     /* Cached window rectangle (to avoid repeated X queries) */
-    int m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh;
+    boo::SWindowRect m_wrect;
     float m_pixelFactor;
     bool m_inFs = false;
 
@@ -547,6 +543,8 @@ class WindowXlib : public IWindow
             return X_CURSORS.m_vArrow;
         case EMouseCursor::IBeam:
             return X_CURSORS.m_ibeam;
+        case EMouseCursor::Crosshairs:
+            return X_CURSORS.m_crosshairs;
         default: break;
         }
         return X_CURSORS.m_pointer;
@@ -603,26 +601,24 @@ public:
          * Now go create an IC using the style we chose.
          * Also set the window and fontset attributes now.
          */
-        XPoint pt = {0,0};
-        XVaNestedList nlist;
-        m_xIC = XCreateIC(xIM, XNInputStyle, bestInputStyle,
-                          XNClientWindow, m_windowId,
-                          XNFocusWindow, m_windowId,
-                          XNPreeditAttributes, nlist = XVaCreateNestedList(0,
-                                                                           XNSpotLocation, &pt,
-                                                                           XNFontSet, fontset,
-                                                                           nullptr),
-                          nullptr);
-        XFree(nlist);
-        if (m_xIC == nullptr)
+        if (xIM)
         {
-            Log.report(LogVisor::FatalError, "Couldn't create input context.");
-            return;
+            XPoint pt = {0,0};
+            XVaNestedList nlist;
+            m_xIC = XCreateIC(xIM, XNInputStyle, bestInputStyle,
+                              XNClientWindow, m_windowId,
+                              XNFocusWindow, m_windowId,
+                              XNPreeditAttributes, nlist = XVaCreateNestedList(0,
+                                                                               XNSpotLocation, &pt,
+                                                                               XNFontSet, fontset,
+                                                                               nullptr),
+                              nullptr);
+            XFree(nlist);
+            long im_event_mask;
+            XGetICValues(m_xIC, XNFilterEvents, &im_event_mask, nullptr);
+            XSelectInput(display, m_windowId, swa.event_mask | im_event_mask);
+            XSetICFocus(m_xIC);
         }
-        long im_event_mask;
-        XGetICValues(m_xIC, XNFilterEvents, &im_event_mask, nullptr);
-        XSelectInput(display, m_windowId, swa.event_mask | im_event_mask);
-        XSetICFocus(m_xIC);
 
         /* The XInput 2.1 extension enables per-pixel smooth scrolling trackpads */
         XIEventMask mask = {XIAllMasterDevices, XIMaskLen(XI_LASTEVENT)};
@@ -905,20 +901,23 @@ public:
 
     void claimKeyboardFocus(const int coord[2])
     {
-        XLockDisplay(m_xDisp);
-        if (!coord)
+        if (m_xIC)
         {
-            XUnsetICFocus(m_xIC);
+            XLockDisplay(m_xDisp);
+            if (!coord)
+            {
+                XUnsetICFocus(m_xIC);
+                XUnlockDisplay(m_xDisp);
+                return;
+            }
+            getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
+            XPoint pt = {short(coord[0]), short(m_wrect.size[1] - coord[1])};
+            XVaNestedList list = XVaCreateNestedList(0, XNSpotLocation, &pt, nullptr);
+            XSetICValues(m_xIC, XNPreeditAttributes, list, nullptr);
+            XFree(list);
+            XSetICFocus(m_xIC);
             XUnlockDisplay(m_xDisp);
-            return;
         }
-        getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
-        XPoint pt = {short(coord[0]), short(m_wh - coord[1])};
-        XVaNestedList list = XVaCreateNestedList(0, XNSpotLocation, &pt, nullptr);
-        XSetICValues(m_xIC, XNPreeditAttributes, list, nullptr);
-        XFree(list);
-        XSetICFocus(m_xIC);
-        XUnlockDisplay(m_xDisp);
     }
 
     bool clipboardCopy(EClipboardType type, const uint8_t* data, size_t sz)
@@ -1108,39 +1107,40 @@ public:
     SWindowCoord MakeButtonEventCoord(XEvent* event) const
     {
         int x = event->xbutton.x;
-        int y = m_wh-event->xbutton.y;
+        int y = m_wrect.size[1]-event->xbutton.y;
         return
         {
             {x, y},
             {int(x / m_pixelFactor), int(y / m_pixelFactor)},
-            {x / float(m_ww), y / float(m_wh)}
+            {x / float(m_wrect.size[0]), y / float(m_wrect.size[1])}
         };
     }
 
     SWindowCoord MakeMotionEventCoord(XEvent* event) const
     {
         int x = event->xmotion.x;
-        int y = m_wh-event->xmotion.y;
+        int y = m_wrect.size[1]-event->xmotion.y;
         return
         {
             {x, y},
             {int(x / m_pixelFactor), int(y / m_pixelFactor)},
-            {x / float(m_ww), y / float(m_wh)}
+            {x / float(m_wrect.size[0]), y / float(m_wrect.size[1])}
         };
     }
 
     SWindowCoord MakeCrossingEventCoord(XEvent* event) const
     {
         int x = event->xcrossing.x;
-        int y = m_wh-event->xcrossing.y;
+        int y = m_wrect.size[1]-event->xcrossing.y;
         return
         {
             {x, y},
             {int(x / m_pixelFactor), int(y / m_pixelFactor)},
-            {x / float(m_ww), y / float(m_wh)}
+            {x / float(m_wrect.size[0]), y / float(m_wrect.size[1])}
         };
     }
 
+#if 0
     /* This procedure sets the application's size constraints and returns
      * the IM's preferred size for either the Preedit or Status areas,
      * depending on the value of the name argument.  The area argument is
@@ -1167,6 +1167,7 @@ public:
         XSetICValues(m_xIC, name, list, nullptr);
         XFree(list);
     }
+#endif
 
     void _incomingEvent(void* e)
     {
@@ -1194,16 +1195,14 @@ public:
             int x, y;
             XTranslateCoordinates(m_xDisp, m_windowId, DefaultRootWindow(m_xDisp), event->xexpose.x, event->xexpose.y, &x, &y, &nw);
             XGetWindowAttributes(m_xDisp, m_windowId, &wxa);
-            m_wx = x - wxa.x;
-            m_wy = y - wxa.y;
-            m_ww = event->xexpose.width;
-            m_wh = event->xexpose.height;
+            m_wrect.location[0] = x - wxa.x;
+            m_wrect.location[1] = y - wxa.y;
+            m_wrect.size[0] = event->xexpose.width;
+            m_wrect.size[1] = event->xexpose.height;
             if (m_callback)
             {
-                SWindowRect rect =
-                { {m_wx, m_wy}, {m_ww, m_wh} };
                 XUnlockDisplay(m_xDisp);
-                m_callback->resized(rect);
+                m_callback->resized(m_wrect);
                 XLockDisplay(m_xDisp);
             }
             return;
@@ -1215,17 +1214,13 @@ public:
             int x, y;
             XTranslateCoordinates(m_xDisp, m_windowId, DefaultRootWindow(m_xDisp), event->xconfigure.x, event->xconfigure.y, &x, &y, &nw);
             XGetWindowAttributes(m_xDisp, m_windowId, &wxa);
-            m_wx = x - wxa.x;
-            m_wy = y - wxa.y;
-            m_ww = event->xconfigure.width;
-            m_wh = event->xconfigure.height;
+            m_wrect.location[0] = x - wxa.x;
+            m_wrect.location[1] = y - wxa.y;
+            m_wrect.size[0] = event->xconfigure.width;
+            m_wrect.size[1] = event->xconfigure.height;
 
             if (m_callback)
-            {
-                SWindowRect rect =
-                { {m_wx, m_wy}, {m_ww, m_wh} };
-                m_callback->windowMoved(rect);
-            }
+                m_callback->windowMoved(m_wrect);
             return;
         }
         case KeyPress:
@@ -1236,13 +1231,16 @@ public:
                 EModifierKey modifierKey;
                 unsigned int state = event->xkey.state;
                 event->xkey.state &= ~ControlMask;
-                std::string utf8Frag = translateUTF8(&event->xkey, m_xIC);
                 ITextInputCallback* inputCb = m_callback->getTextInputCallback();
-                if (utf8Frag.size())
+                if (m_xIC)
                 {
-                    if (inputCb)
-                        inputCb->insertText(utf8Frag);
-                    return;
+                    std::string utf8Frag = translateUTF8(&event->xkey, m_xIC);
+                    if (utf8Frag.size())
+                    {
+                        if (inputCb)
+                            inputCb->insertText(utf8Frag);
+                        return;
+                    }
                 }
                 char charCode = translateKeysym(&event->xkey, specialKey, modifierKey);
                 EModifierKey modifierMask = translateModifiers(state);
@@ -1283,7 +1281,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (m_callback)
             {
-                getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
+                getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
                 EMouseButton button = translateButton(event->xbutton.button);
                 if (button != EMouseButton::None)
                 {
@@ -1318,7 +1316,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (m_callback)
             {
-                getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
+                getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
                 EMouseButton button = translateButton(event->xbutton.button);
                 if (button != EMouseButton::None)
                 {
@@ -1345,7 +1343,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (m_callback)
             {
-                getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
+                getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
                 m_callback->mouseMove(MakeMotionEventCoord(event));
             }
             return;
@@ -1354,7 +1352,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (m_callback)
             {
-                getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
+                getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
                 m_callback->mouseEnter(MakeCrossingEventCoord(event));
             }
             return;
@@ -1363,7 +1361,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (m_callback)
             {
-                getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
+                getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
                 m_callback->mouseLeave(MakeCrossingEventCoord(event));
             }
             return;
@@ -1372,7 +1370,7 @@ public:
         {
             if (event->xgeneric.extension == XINPUT_OPCODE)
             {
-                getWindowFrame(m_wx, m_wy, m_ww, m_wh);
+                getWindowFrame(m_wrect.location[0], m_wrect.location[1], m_wrect.size[0], m_wrect.size[1]);
                 switch (event->xgeneric.evtype)
                 {
                 case XI_Motion:
@@ -1416,12 +1414,12 @@ public:
                     if (m_callback && didScroll)
                     {
                         int event_x = int(ev->event_x) >> 16;
-                        int event_y = m_wh - (int(ev->event_y) >> 16);
+                        int event_y = m_wrect.size[1] - (int(ev->event_y) >> 16);
                         SWindowCoord coord =
                         {
                             {event_x, event_y},
                             {int(event_x / m_pixelFactor), int(event_y / m_pixelFactor)},
-                            {event_x / float(m_ww), event_y / float(m_wh)}
+                            {event_x / float(m_wrect.size[0]), event_y / float(m_wrect.size[1])}
                         };
                         m_callback->scroll(coord, scrollDelta);
                     }
diff --git a/lib/x11/XlibCommon.hpp b/lib/x11/XlibCommon.hpp
index c0c79a1..d046694 100644
--- a/lib/x11/XlibCommon.hpp
+++ b/lib/x11/XlibCommon.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ struct XlibCursors
     Cursor m_hArrow;
     Cursor m_vArrow;
     Cursor m_ibeam;
+    Cursor m_crosshairs;
     Cursor m_wait;
 };
 extern XlibCursors X_CURSORS;