diff --git a/Runtime/Particle/CColorElement.cpp b/Runtime/Particle/CColorElement.cpp
index 05489c698..0a8c7722d 100644
--- a/Runtime/Particle/CColorElement.cpp
+++ b/Runtime/Particle/CColorElement.cpp
@@ -123,17 +123,16 @@ bool CCEPulse::GetValue(int frame, zeus::CColor& valOut) const {
   int a, b;
   x4_aDuration->GetValue(frame, a);
   x8_bDuration->GetValue(frame, b);
-  int cv = zeus::max(1, a + b + 1);
+  int cv = a + b + 1;
+  if (cv < 0) {
+    cv = 1;
+  }
 
-  if (b >= 1) {
-    int cv2 = frame % cv;
-    if (cv2 >= a)
-      x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-    else
-      xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-  } else
+  if (b < 1 || frame % cv <= a) {
     xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-
+  } else {
+    x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
+  }
   return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/Runtime/Particle/CIntElement.cpp b/Runtime/Particle/CIntElement.cpp
index 591bf4d93..44b69b65d 100644
--- a/Runtime/Particle/CIntElement.cpp
+++ b/Runtime/Particle/CIntElement.cpp
@@ -158,17 +158,16 @@ bool CIEPulse::GetValue(int frame, int& valOut) const {
   int a, b;
   x4_aDuration->GetValue(frame, a);
   x8_bDuration->GetValue(frame, b);
-  int cv = std::max(1, a + b + 1);
+  int cv = a + b + 1;
+  if (cv < 0) {
+    cv = 1;
+  }
 
-  if (b >= 1) {
-    int cv2 = frame % cv;
-    if (cv2 >= a)
-      x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-    else
-      xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-  } else
+  if (b < 1 || frame % cv <= a) {
     xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-
+  } else {
+    x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
+  }
   return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/Runtime/Particle/CModVectorElement.cpp b/Runtime/Particle/CModVectorElement.cpp
index 95cf05124..6b5ec2d29 100644
--- a/Runtime/Particle/CModVectorElement.cpp
+++ b/Runtime/Particle/CModVectorElement.cpp
@@ -202,17 +202,16 @@ bool CMVEPulse::GetValue(int frame, zeus::CVector3f& pVel, zeus::CVector3f& pPos
   int a, b;
   x4_aDuration->GetValue(frame, a);
   x8_bDuration->GetValue(frame, b);
-  int cv = std::max(1, a + b + 1);
+  int cv = a + b + 1;
+  if (cv < 0) {
+    cv = 1;
+  }
 
-  if (b >= 1) {
-    int cv2 = frame % cv;
-    if (cv2 >= a)
-      x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, pVel, pPos);
-    else
-      xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, pVel, pPos);
-  } else
+  if (b < 1 || frame % cv <= a) {
     xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, pVel, pPos);
-
+  } else {
+    x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, pVel, pPos);
+  }
   return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/Runtime/Particle/CRealElement.cpp b/Runtime/Particle/CRealElement.cpp
index 313aace09..707a372f4 100644
--- a/Runtime/Particle/CRealElement.cpp
+++ b/Runtime/Particle/CRealElement.cpp
@@ -137,17 +137,18 @@ bool CREPulse::GetValue(int frame, float& valOut) const {
   int a, b;
   x4_aDuration->GetValue(frame, a);
   x8_bDuration->GetValue(frame, b);
-  int cv = std::max(1, a + b + 1);
+  int cv = a + b + 1;
+  if (cv < 0) {
+    cv = 1;
+  }
 
-  if (b >= 1) {
-    int cv2 = frame % cv;
-    if (cv2 >= a)
-      x10_valB->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-    else
-      xc_valA->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-  } else
+  // CREPulse is an outlier here, the other
+  // IElement classes  use <= instead of <.
+  if (b < 1 || frame % cv < a) {
     xc_valA->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-
+  } else {
+    x10_valB->GetValue(frame, valOut);
+  }
   return false;
 }
 
diff --git a/Runtime/Particle/CVectorElement.cpp b/Runtime/Particle/CVectorElement.cpp
index 27fd0531d..0b395b68b 100644
--- a/Runtime/Particle/CVectorElement.cpp
+++ b/Runtime/Particle/CVectorElement.cpp
@@ -227,17 +227,16 @@ bool CVEPulse::GetValue(int frame, zeus::CVector3f& valOut) const {
   int a, b;
   x4_aDuration->GetValue(frame, a);
   x8_bDuration->GetValue(frame, b);
-  int cv = std::max(1, a + b + 1);
+  int cv = a + b + 1;
+  if (cv < 0) {
+    cv = 1;
+  }
 
-  if (b >= 1) {
-    int cv2 = frame % cv;
-    if (cv2 >= a)
-      x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-    else
-      xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-  } else
+  if (b < 1 || frame % cv <= a) {
     xc_aVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
-
+  } else {
+    x10_bVal->GetValue(frame, valOut);
+  }
   return false;
 }