diff --git a/hecl/extern/boo b/hecl/extern/boo
index 4c0c01f84..fa45c6750 160000
--- a/hecl/extern/boo
+++ b/hecl/extern/boo
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 4c0c01f84f530cfbd6752d0047a6455e8d1886c4
+Subproject commit fa45c6750a0d9d876341017a7e2b4915afa90369
diff --git a/hecl/include/hecl/BitVector.hpp b/hecl/include/hecl/BitVector.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..557e9e841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hecl/include/hecl/BitVector.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+//===- llvm/ADT/BitVector.h - Bit vectors -----------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file implements the BitVector class.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef HECL_LLVM_ADT_BITVECTOR_H
+#define HECL_LLVM_ADT_BITVECTOR_H
+
+#include "MathExtras.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace hecl {
+namespace llvm {
+
+class BitVector {
+  typedef unsigned long BitWord;
+
+  enum { BITWORD_SIZE = (unsigned)sizeof(BitWord) * CHAR_BIT };
+
+  static_assert(BITWORD_SIZE == 64 || BITWORD_SIZE == 32,
+                "Unsupported word size");
+
+  BitWord  *Bits;        // Actual bits.
+  unsigned Size;         // Size of bitvector in bits.
+  unsigned Capacity;     // Number of BitWords allocated in the Bits array.
+
+public:
+  typedef unsigned size_type;
+  // Encapsulation of a single bit.
+  class reference {
+    friend class BitVector;
+
+    BitWord *WordRef;
+    unsigned BitPos;
+
+    reference();  // Undefined
+
+  public:
+    reference(BitVector &b, unsigned Idx) {
+      WordRef = &b.Bits[Idx / BITWORD_SIZE];
+      BitPos = Idx % BITWORD_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    reference(const reference&) = default;
+
+    reference &operator=(reference t) {
+      *this = bool(t);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    reference& operator=(bool t) {
+      if (t)
+        *WordRef |= BitWord(1) << BitPos;
+      else
+        *WordRef &= ~(BitWord(1) << BitPos);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    operator bool() const {
+      return ((*WordRef) & (BitWord(1) << BitPos)) != 0;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /// BitVector default ctor - Creates an empty bitvector.
+  BitVector() : Size(0), Capacity(0) {
+    Bits = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  /// BitVector ctor - Creates a bitvector of specified number of bits. All
+  /// bits are initialized to the specified value.
+  explicit BitVector(unsigned s, bool t = false) : Size(s) {
+    Capacity = NumBitWords(s);
+    Bits = (BitWord *)std::malloc(Capacity * sizeof(BitWord));
+    init_words(Bits, Capacity, t);
+    if (t)
+      clear_unused_bits();
+  }
+
+  /// BitVector copy ctor.
+  BitVector(const BitVector &RHS) : Size(RHS.size()) {
+    if (Size == 0) {
+      Bits = nullptr;
+      Capacity = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Capacity = NumBitWords(RHS.size());
+    Bits = (BitWord *)std::malloc(Capacity * sizeof(BitWord));
+    std::memcpy(Bits, RHS.Bits, Capacity * sizeof(BitWord));
+  }
+
+  BitVector(BitVector &&RHS)
+    : Bits(RHS.Bits), Size(RHS.Size), Capacity(RHS.Capacity) {
+    RHS.Bits = nullptr;
+    RHS.Size = RHS.Capacity = 0;
+  }
+
+  ~BitVector() {
+    std::free(Bits);
+  }
+
+  /// empty - Tests whether there are no bits in this bitvector.
+  bool empty() const { return Size == 0; }
+
+  /// size - Returns the number of bits in this bitvector.
+  size_type size() const { return Size; }
+
+  /// count - Returns the number of bits which are set.
+  size_type count() const {
+    unsigned NumBits = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumBitWords(size()); ++i)
+      NumBits += countPopulation(Bits[i]);
+    return NumBits;
+  }
+
+  /// any - Returns true if any bit is set.
+  bool any() const {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumBitWords(size()); ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] != 0)
+        return true;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /// all - Returns true if all bits are set.
+  bool all() const {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < Size / BITWORD_SIZE; ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] != ~0UL)
+        return false;
+
+    // If bits remain check that they are ones. The unused bits are always zero.
+    if (unsigned Remainder = Size % BITWORD_SIZE)
+      return Bits[Size / BITWORD_SIZE] == (1UL << Remainder) - 1;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /// none - Returns true if none of the bits are set.
+  bool none() const {
+    return !any();
+  }
+
+  /// find_first - Returns the index of the first set bit, -1 if none
+  /// of the bits are set.
+  int find_first() const {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumBitWords(size()); ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] != 0)
+        return i * BITWORD_SIZE + countTrailingZeros(Bits[i]);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /// find_next - Returns the index of the next set bit following the
+  /// "Prev" bit. Returns -1 if the next set bit is not found.
+  int find_next(unsigned Prev) const {
+    ++Prev;
+    if (Prev >= Size)
+      return -1;
+
+    unsigned WordPos = Prev / BITWORD_SIZE;
+    unsigned BitPos = Prev % BITWORD_SIZE;
+    BitWord Copy = Bits[WordPos];
+    // Mask off previous bits.
+    Copy &= ~0UL << BitPos;
+
+    if (Copy != 0)
+      return WordPos * BITWORD_SIZE + countTrailingZeros(Copy);
+
+    // Check subsequent words.
+    for (unsigned i = WordPos+1; i < NumBitWords(size()); ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] != 0)
+        return i * BITWORD_SIZE + countTrailingZeros(Bits[i]);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /// find_first_contiguous - Returns the index of the first contiguous
+  /// set of bits of "Length", -1 if no contiguous bits found.
+  int find_first_contiguous(unsigned Length) const {
+    for (int idx = find_first(); idx != -1; idx = find_next(idx)) {
+      if (idx + Length > size())
+        return -1;
+      bool good = true;
+      for (int i = 0; i < Length; ++i) {
+        int ThisIdx = idx + i;
+        if (!test(ThisIdx)) {
+          good = false;
+          idx = ThisIdx;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (good)
+        return idx;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /// clear - Clear all bits.
+  void clear() {
+    Size = 0;
+  }
+
+  /// resize - Grow or shrink the bitvector.
+  void resize(unsigned N, bool t = false) {
+    if (N > Capacity * BITWORD_SIZE) {
+      unsigned OldCapacity = Capacity;
+      grow(N);
+      init_words(&Bits[OldCapacity], (Capacity-OldCapacity), t);
+    }
+
+    // Set any old unused bits that are now included in the BitVector. This
+    // may set bits that are not included in the new vector, but we will clear
+    // them back out below.
+    if (N > Size)
+      set_unused_bits(t);
+
+    // Update the size, and clear out any bits that are now unused
+    unsigned OldSize = Size;
+    Size = N;
+    if (t || N < OldSize)
+      clear_unused_bits();
+  }
+
+  void reserve(unsigned N) {
+    if (N > Capacity * BITWORD_SIZE)
+      grow(N);
+  }
+
+  // Set, reset, flip
+  BitVector &set() {
+    init_words(Bits, Capacity, true);
+    clear_unused_bits();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &set(unsigned Idx) {
+    assert(Bits && "Bits never allocated");
+    Bits[Idx / BITWORD_SIZE] |= BitWord(1) << (Idx % BITWORD_SIZE);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// set - Efficiently set a range of bits in [I, E)
+  BitVector &set(unsigned I, unsigned E) {
+    assert(I <= E && "Attempted to set backwards range!");
+    assert(E <= size() && "Attempted to set out-of-bounds range!");
+
+    if (I == E) return *this;
+
+    if (I / BITWORD_SIZE == E / BITWORD_SIZE) {
+      BitWord EMask = 1UL << (E % BITWORD_SIZE);
+      BitWord IMask = 1UL << (I % BITWORD_SIZE);
+      BitWord Mask = EMask - IMask;
+      Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] |= Mask;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    BitWord PrefixMask = ~0UL << (I % BITWORD_SIZE);
+    Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] |= PrefixMask;
+    I = alignTo(I, BITWORD_SIZE);
+
+    for (; I + BITWORD_SIZE <= E; I += BITWORD_SIZE)
+      Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] = ~0UL;
+
+    BitWord PostfixMask = (1UL << (E % BITWORD_SIZE)) - 1;
+    if (I < E)
+      Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] |= PostfixMask;
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &reset() {
+    init_words(Bits, Capacity, false);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &reset(unsigned Idx) {
+    Bits[Idx / BITWORD_SIZE] &= ~(BitWord(1) << (Idx % BITWORD_SIZE));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// reset - Efficiently reset a range of bits in [I, E)
+  BitVector &reset(unsigned I, unsigned E) {
+    assert(I <= E && "Attempted to reset backwards range!");
+    assert(E <= size() && "Attempted to reset out-of-bounds range!");
+
+    if (I == E) return *this;
+
+    if (I / BITWORD_SIZE == E / BITWORD_SIZE) {
+      BitWord EMask = 1UL << (E % BITWORD_SIZE);
+      BitWord IMask = 1UL << (I % BITWORD_SIZE);
+      BitWord Mask = EMask - IMask;
+      Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] &= ~Mask;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    BitWord PrefixMask = ~0UL << (I % BITWORD_SIZE);
+    Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] &= ~PrefixMask;
+    I = alignTo(I, BITWORD_SIZE);
+
+    for (; I + BITWORD_SIZE <= E; I += BITWORD_SIZE)
+      Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] = 0UL;
+
+    BitWord PostfixMask = (1UL << (E % BITWORD_SIZE)) - 1;
+    if (I < E)
+      Bits[I / BITWORD_SIZE] &= ~PostfixMask;
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &flip() {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumBitWords(size()); ++i)
+      Bits[i] = ~Bits[i];
+    clear_unused_bits();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &flip(unsigned Idx) {
+    Bits[Idx / BITWORD_SIZE] ^= BitWord(1) << (Idx % BITWORD_SIZE);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Indexing.
+  reference operator[](unsigned Idx) {
+    assert (Idx < Size && "Out-of-bounds Bit access.");
+    return reference(*this, Idx);
+  }
+
+  bool operator[](unsigned Idx) const {
+    assert (Idx < Size && "Out-of-bounds Bit access.");
+    BitWord Mask = BitWord(1) << (Idx % BITWORD_SIZE);
+    return (Bits[Idx / BITWORD_SIZE] & Mask) != 0;
+  }
+
+  bool test(unsigned Idx) const {
+    return (*this)[Idx];
+  }
+
+  /// Test if any common bits are set.
+  bool anyCommon(const BitVector &RHS) const {
+    unsigned ThisWords = NumBitWords(size());
+    unsigned RHSWords  = NumBitWords(RHS.size());
+    for (unsigned i = 0, e = std::min(ThisWords, RHSWords); i != e; ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] & RHS.Bits[i])
+        return true;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Comparison operators.
+  bool operator==(const BitVector &RHS) const {
+    unsigned ThisWords = NumBitWords(size());
+    unsigned RHSWords  = NumBitWords(RHS.size());
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i != std::min(ThisWords, RHSWords); ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] != RHS.Bits[i])
+        return false;
+
+    // Verify that any extra words are all zeros.
+    if (i != ThisWords) {
+      for (; i != ThisWords; ++i)
+        if (Bits[i])
+          return false;
+    } else if (i != RHSWords) {
+      for (; i != RHSWords; ++i)
+        if (RHS.Bits[i])
+          return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(const BitVector &RHS) const {
+    return !(*this == RHS);
+  }
+
+  /// Intersection, union, disjoint union.
+  BitVector &operator&=(const BitVector &RHS) {
+    unsigned ThisWords = NumBitWords(size());
+    unsigned RHSWords  = NumBitWords(RHS.size());
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i != std::min(ThisWords, RHSWords); ++i)
+      Bits[i] &= RHS.Bits[i];
+
+    // Any bits that are just in this bitvector become zero, because they aren't
+    // in the RHS bit vector.  Any words only in RHS are ignored because they
+    // are already zero in the LHS.
+    for (; i != ThisWords; ++i)
+      Bits[i] = 0;
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// reset - Reset bits that are set in RHS. Same as *this &= ~RHS.
+  BitVector &reset(const BitVector &RHS) {
+    unsigned ThisWords = NumBitWords(size());
+    unsigned RHSWords  = NumBitWords(RHS.size());
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i != std::min(ThisWords, RHSWords); ++i)
+      Bits[i] &= ~RHS.Bits[i];
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// test - Check if (This - RHS) is zero.
+  /// This is the same as reset(RHS) and any().
+  bool test(const BitVector &RHS) const {
+    unsigned ThisWords = NumBitWords(size());
+    unsigned RHSWords  = NumBitWords(RHS.size());
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i != std::min(ThisWords, RHSWords); ++i)
+      if ((Bits[i] & ~RHS.Bits[i]) != 0)
+        return true;
+
+    for (; i != ThisWords ; ++i)
+      if (Bits[i] != 0)
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &operator|=(const BitVector &RHS) {
+    if (size() < RHS.size())
+      resize(RHS.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0, e = NumBitWords(RHS.size()); i != e; ++i)
+      Bits[i] |= RHS.Bits[i];
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  BitVector &operator^=(const BitVector &RHS) {
+    if (size() < RHS.size())
+      resize(RHS.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0, e = NumBitWords(RHS.size()); i != e; ++i)
+      Bits[i] ^= RHS.Bits[i];
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  const BitVector &operator=(const BitVector &RHS) {
+    if (this == &RHS) return *this;
+
+    Size = RHS.size();
+    unsigned RHSWords = NumBitWords(Size);
+    if (Size <= Capacity * BITWORD_SIZE) {
+      if (Size)
+        std::memcpy(Bits, RHS.Bits, RHSWords * sizeof(BitWord));
+      clear_unused_bits();
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Grow the bitvector to have enough elements.
+    Capacity = RHSWords;
+    assert(Capacity > 0 && "negative capacity?");
+    BitWord *NewBits = (BitWord *)std::malloc(Capacity * sizeof(BitWord));
+    std::memcpy(NewBits, RHS.Bits, Capacity * sizeof(BitWord));
+
+    // Destroy the old bits.
+    std::free(Bits);
+    Bits = NewBits;
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  const BitVector &operator=(BitVector &&RHS) {
+    if (this == &RHS) return *this;
+
+    std::free(Bits);
+    Bits = RHS.Bits;
+    Size = RHS.Size;
+    Capacity = RHS.Capacity;
+
+    RHS.Bits = nullptr;
+    RHS.Size = RHS.Capacity = 0;
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  void swap(BitVector &RHS) {
+    std::swap(Bits, RHS.Bits);
+    std::swap(Size, RHS.Size);
+    std::swap(Capacity, RHS.Capacity);
+  }
+
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+  // Portable bit mask operations.
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+  //
+  // These methods all operate on arrays of uint32_t, each holding 32 bits. The
+  // fixed word size makes it easier to work with literal bit vector constants
+  // in portable code.
+  //
+  // The LSB in each word is the lowest numbered bit.  The size of a portable
+  // bit mask is always a whole multiple of 32 bits.  If no bit mask size is
+  // given, the bit mask is assumed to cover the entire BitVector.
+
+  /// setBitsInMask - Add '1' bits from Mask to this vector. Don't resize.
+  /// This computes "*this |= Mask".
+  void setBitsInMask(const uint32_t *Mask, unsigned MaskWords = ~0u) {
+    applyMask<true, false>(Mask, MaskWords);
+  }
+
+  /// clearBitsInMask - Clear any bits in this vector that are set in Mask.
+  /// Don't resize. This computes "*this &= ~Mask".
+  void clearBitsInMask(const uint32_t *Mask, unsigned MaskWords = ~0u) {
+    applyMask<false, false>(Mask, MaskWords);
+  }
+
+  /// setBitsNotInMask - Add a bit to this vector for every '0' bit in Mask.
+  /// Don't resize.  This computes "*this |= ~Mask".
+  void setBitsNotInMask(const uint32_t *Mask, unsigned MaskWords = ~0u) {
+    applyMask<true, true>(Mask, MaskWords);
+  }
+
+  /// clearBitsNotInMask - Clear a bit in this vector for every '0' bit in Mask.
+  /// Don't resize.  This computes "*this &= Mask".
+  void clearBitsNotInMask(const uint32_t *Mask, unsigned MaskWords = ~0u) {
+    applyMask<false, true>(Mask, MaskWords);
+  }
+
+private:
+  unsigned NumBitWords(unsigned S) const {
+    return (S + BITWORD_SIZE-1) / BITWORD_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  // Set the unused bits in the high words.
+  void set_unused_bits(bool t = true) {
+    //  Set high words first.
+    unsigned UsedWords = NumBitWords(Size);
+    if (Capacity > UsedWords)
+      init_words(&Bits[UsedWords], (Capacity-UsedWords), t);
+
+    //  Then set any stray high bits of the last used word.
+    unsigned ExtraBits = Size % BITWORD_SIZE;
+    if (ExtraBits) {
+      BitWord ExtraBitMask = ~0UL << ExtraBits;
+      if (t)
+        Bits[UsedWords-1] |= ExtraBitMask;
+      else
+        Bits[UsedWords-1] &= ~ExtraBitMask;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Clear the unused bits in the high words.
+  void clear_unused_bits() {
+    set_unused_bits(false);
+  }
+
+  void grow(unsigned NewSize) {
+    Capacity = std::max(NumBitWords(NewSize), Capacity * 2);
+    assert(Capacity > 0 && "realloc-ing zero space");
+    Bits = (BitWord *)std::realloc(Bits, Capacity * sizeof(BitWord));
+
+    clear_unused_bits();
+  }
+
+  void init_words(BitWord *B, unsigned NumWords, bool t) {
+    memset(B, 0 - (int)t, NumWords*sizeof(BitWord));
+  }
+
+  template<bool AddBits, bool InvertMask>
+  void applyMask(const uint32_t *Mask, unsigned MaskWords) {
+    static_assert(BITWORD_SIZE % 32 == 0, "Unsupported BitWord size.");
+    MaskWords = std::min(MaskWords, (size() + 31) / 32);
+    const unsigned Scale = BITWORD_SIZE / 32;
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; MaskWords >= Scale; ++i, MaskWords -= Scale) {
+      BitWord BW = Bits[i];
+      // This inner loop should unroll completely when BITWORD_SIZE > 32.
+      for (unsigned b = 0; b != BITWORD_SIZE; b += 32) {
+        uint32_t M = *Mask++;
+        if (InvertMask) M = ~M;
+        if (AddBits) BW |=   BitWord(M) << b;
+        else         BW &= ~(BitWord(M) << b);
+      }
+      Bits[i] = BW;
+    }
+    for (unsigned b = 0; MaskWords; b += 32, --MaskWords) {
+      uint32_t M = *Mask++;
+      if (InvertMask) M = ~M;
+      if (AddBits) Bits[i] |=   BitWord(M) << b;
+      else         Bits[i] &= ~(BitWord(M) << b);
+    }
+    if (AddBits)
+      clear_unused_bits();
+  }
+
+public:
+  /// Return the size (in bytes) of the bit vector.
+  size_t getMemorySize() const { return Capacity * sizeof(BitWord); }
+};
+
+static inline size_t capacity_in_bytes(const BitVector &X) {
+  return X.getMemorySize();
+}
+
+} // end namespace llvm
+} // end namespace hecl
+
+namespace std {
+  /// Implement std::swap in terms of BitVector swap.
+  inline void
+  swap(hecl::llvm::BitVector &LHS, hecl::llvm::BitVector &RHS) {
+    LHS.swap(RHS);
+  }
+} // end namespace std
+
+#endif // LLVM_ADT_BITVECTOR_H
diff --git a/hecl/include/hecl/MathExtras.hpp b/hecl/include/hecl/MathExtras.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c927c20e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hecl/include/hecl/MathExtras.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+//===-- llvm/Support/MathExtras.h - Useful math functions -------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file contains some functions that are useful for math stuff.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef HECL_LLVM_SUPPORT_MATHEXTRAS_H
+#define HECL_LLVM_SUPPORT_MATHEXTRAS_H
+
+/// \macro LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ
+/// \brief Extend the default __GNUC_PREREQ even if glibc's features.h isn't
+/// available.
+#ifndef LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ
+# if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#  define LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min, patch) \
+    ((__GNUC__ << 20) + (__GNUC_MINOR__ << 10) + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ >= \
+     ((maj) << 20) + ((min) << 10) + (patch))
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__)
+#  define LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min, patch) \
+    ((__GNUC__ << 20) + (__GNUC_MINOR__ << 10) >= ((maj) << 20) + ((min) << 10))
+# else
+#  define LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min, patch) 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#include "hecl.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <limits>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __ANDROID_NDK__
+#include <android/api-level.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace hecl {
+namespace llvm {
+/// \brief The behavior an operation has on an input of 0.
+enum ZeroBehavior {
+  /// \brief The returned value is undefined.
+  ZB_Undefined,
+  /// \brief The returned value is numeric_limits<T>::max()
+  ZB_Max,
+  /// \brief The returned value is numeric_limits<T>::digits
+  ZB_Width
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T, std::size_t SizeOfT> struct TrailingZerosCounter {
+  static std::size_t count(T Val, ZeroBehavior) {
+    if (!Val)
+      return std::numeric_limits<T>::digits;
+    if (Val & 0x1)
+      return 0;
+
+    // Bisection method.
+    std::size_t ZeroBits = 0;
+    T Shift = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits >> 1;
+    T Mask = std::numeric_limits<T>::max() >> Shift;
+    while (Shift) {
+      if ((Val & Mask) == 0) {
+        Val >>= Shift;
+        ZeroBits |= Shift;
+      }
+      Shift >>= 1;
+      Mask >>= Shift;
+    }
+    return ZeroBits;
+  }
+};
+
+#if __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(_MSC_VER)
+template <typename T> struct TrailingZerosCounter<T, 4> {
+  static std::size_t count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
+    if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
+      return 32;
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_ctz) || LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0, 0)
+    return __builtin_ctz(Val);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    unsigned long Index;
+    _BitScanForward(&Index, Val);
+    return Index;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_M_X64)
+template <typename T> struct TrailingZerosCounter<T, 8> {
+  static std::size_t count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
+    if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
+      return 64;
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_ctzll) || LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0, 0)
+    return __builtin_ctzll(Val);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    unsigned long Index;
+    _BitScanForward64(&Index, Val);
+    return Index;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+#endif
+#endif
+} // namespace detail
+
+/// \brief Count number of 0's from the least significant bit to the most
+///   stopping at the first 1.
+///
+/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
+///
+/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Width and ZB_Undefined are
+///   valid arguments.
+template <typename T>
+std::size_t countTrailingZeros(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
+                    !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
+                "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
+  return detail::TrailingZerosCounter<T, sizeof(T)>::count(Val, ZB);
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T, std::size_t SizeOfT> struct LeadingZerosCounter {
+  static std::size_t count(T Val, ZeroBehavior) {
+    if (!Val)
+      return std::numeric_limits<T>::digits;
+
+    // Bisection method.
+    std::size_t ZeroBits = 0;
+    for (T Shift = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits >> 1; Shift; Shift >>= 1) {
+      T Tmp = Val >> Shift;
+      if (Tmp)
+        Val = Tmp;
+      else
+        ZeroBits |= Shift;
+    }
+    return ZeroBits;
+  }
+};
+
+#if __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(_MSC_VER)
+template <typename T> struct LeadingZerosCounter<T, 4> {
+  static std::size_t count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
+    if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
+      return 32;
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_clz) || LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0, 0)
+    return __builtin_clz(Val);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    unsigned long Index;
+    _BitScanReverse(&Index, Val);
+    return Index ^ 31;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_M_X64)
+template <typename T> struct LeadingZerosCounter<T, 8> {
+  static std::size_t count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
+    if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
+      return 64;
+
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_clzll) || LLVM_GNUC_PREREQ(4, 0, 0)
+    return __builtin_clzll(Val);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    unsigned long Index;
+    _BitScanReverse64(&Index, Val);
+    return Index ^ 63;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+#endif
+#endif
+} // namespace detail
+
+/// \brief Count number of 0's from the most significant bit to the least
+///   stopping at the first 1.
+///
+/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
+///
+/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Width and ZB_Undefined are
+///   valid arguments.
+template <typename T>
+std::size_t countLeadingZeros(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
+                    !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
+                "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
+  return detail::LeadingZerosCounter<T, sizeof(T)>::count(Val, ZB);
+}
+
+/// \brief Get the index of the first set bit starting from the least
+///   significant bit.
+///
+/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
+///
+/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Max and ZB_Undefined are
+///   valid arguments.
+template <typename T> T findFirstSet(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Max) {
+  if (ZB == ZB_Max && Val == 0)
+    return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+  return countTrailingZeros(Val, ZB_Undefined);
+}
+
+/// \brief Get the index of the last set bit starting from the least
+///   significant bit.
+///
+/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
+///
+/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Max and ZB_Undefined are
+///   valid arguments.
+template <typename T> T findLastSet(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Max) {
+  if (ZB == ZB_Max && Val == 0)
+    return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+  // Use ^ instead of - because both gcc and llvm can remove the associated ^
+  // in the __builtin_clz intrinsic on x86.
+  return countLeadingZeros(Val, ZB_Undefined) ^
+         (std::numeric_limits<T>::digits - 1);
+}
+
+/// \brief Macro compressed bit reversal table for 256 bits.
+///
+/// http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#BitReverseTable
+static const unsigned char BitReverseTable256[256] = {
+#define R2(n) n, n + 2 * 64, n + 1 * 64, n + 3 * 64
+#define R4(n) R2(n), R2(n + 2 * 16), R2(n + 1 * 16), R2(n + 3 * 16)
+#define R6(n) R4(n), R4(n + 2 * 4), R4(n + 1 * 4), R4(n + 3 * 4)
+  R6(0), R6(2), R6(1), R6(3)
+#undef R2
+#undef R4
+#undef R6
+};
+
+/// \brief Reverse the bits in \p Val.
+template <typename T>
+T reverseBits(T Val) {
+  unsigned char in[sizeof(Val)];
+  unsigned char out[sizeof(Val)];
+  std::memcpy(in, &Val, sizeof(Val));
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(Val); ++i)
+    out[(sizeof(Val) - i) - 1] = BitReverseTable256[in[i]];
+  std::memcpy(&Val, out, sizeof(Val));
+  return Val;
+}
+
+// NOTE: The following support functions use the _32/_64 extensions instead of
+// type overloading so that signed and unsigned integers can be used without
+// ambiguity.
+
+/// Hi_32 - This function returns the high 32 bits of a 64 bit value.
+constexpr inline uint32_t Hi_32(uint64_t Value) {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(Value >> 32);
+}
+
+/// Lo_32 - This function returns the low 32 bits of a 64 bit value.
+constexpr inline uint32_t Lo_32(uint64_t Value) {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(Value);
+}
+
+/// Make_64 - This functions makes a 64-bit integer from a high / low pair of
+///           32-bit integers.
+constexpr inline uint64_t Make_64(uint32_t High, uint32_t Low) {
+  return ((uint64_t)High << 32) | (uint64_t)Low;
+}
+
+/// isInt - Checks if an integer fits into the given bit width.
+template <unsigned N> constexpr inline bool isInt(int64_t x) {
+  return N >= 64 || (-(INT64_C(1)<<(N-1)) <= x && x < (INT64_C(1)<<(N-1)));
+}
+// Template specializations to get better code for common cases.
+template <> constexpr inline bool isInt<8>(int64_t x) {
+  return static_cast<int8_t>(x) == x;
+}
+template <> constexpr inline bool isInt<16>(int64_t x) {
+  return static_cast<int16_t>(x) == x;
+}
+template <> constexpr inline bool isInt<32>(int64_t x) {
+  return static_cast<int32_t>(x) == x;
+}
+
+/// isShiftedInt<N,S> - Checks if a signed integer is an N bit number shifted
+///                     left by S.
+template <unsigned N, unsigned S>
+constexpr inline bool isShiftedInt(int64_t x) {
+  static_assert(
+      N > 0, "isShiftedInt<0> doesn't make sense (refers to a 0-bit number.");
+  static_assert(N + S <= 64, "isShiftedInt<N, S> with N + S > 64 is too wide.");
+  return isInt<N + S>(x) && (x % (UINT64_C(1) << S) == 0);
+}
+
+/// isUInt - Checks if an unsigned integer fits into the given bit width.
+///
+/// This is written as two functions rather than as simply
+///
+///   return N >= 64 || X < (UINT64_C(1) << N);
+///
+/// to keep MSVC from (incorrectly) warning on isUInt<64> that we're shifting
+/// left too many places.
+template <unsigned N>
+constexpr inline typename std::enable_if<(N < 64), bool>::type
+isUInt(uint64_t X) {
+  static_assert(N > 0, "isUInt<0> doesn't make sense");
+  return X < (UINT64_C(1) << (N));
+}
+template <unsigned N>
+constexpr inline typename std::enable_if<N >= 64, bool>::type
+isUInt(uint64_t X) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Template specializations to get better code for common cases.
+template <> constexpr inline bool isUInt<8>(uint64_t x) {
+  return static_cast<uint8_t>(x) == x;
+}
+template <> constexpr inline bool isUInt<16>(uint64_t x) {
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(x) == x;
+}
+template <> constexpr inline bool isUInt<32>(uint64_t x) {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(x) == x;
+}
+
+/// Checks if a unsigned integer is an N bit number shifted left by S.
+template <unsigned N, unsigned S>
+constexpr inline bool isShiftedUInt(uint64_t x) {
+  static_assert(
+      N > 0, "isShiftedUInt<0> doesn't make sense (refers to a 0-bit number)");
+  static_assert(N + S <= 64,
+                "isShiftedUInt<N, S> with N + S > 64 is too wide.");
+  // Per the two static_asserts above, S must be strictly less than 64.  So
+  // 1 << S is not undefined behavior.
+  return isUInt<N + S>(x) && (x % (UINT64_C(1) << S) == 0);
+}
+
+/// Gets the maximum value for a N-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint64_t maxUIntN(uint64_t N) {
+  assert(N > 0 && N <= 64 && "integer width out of range");
+
+  // uint64_t(1) << 64 is undefined behavior, so we can't do
+  //   (uint64_t(1) << N) - 1
+  // without checking first that N != 64.  But this works and doesn't have a
+  // branch.
+  return UINT64_MAX >> (64 - N);
+}
+
+/// Gets the minimum value for a N-bit signed integer.
+inline int64_t minIntN(int64_t N) {
+  assert(N > 0 && N <= 64 && "integer width out of range");
+
+  return -(UINT64_C(1)<<(N-1));
+}
+
+/// Gets the maximum value for a N-bit signed integer.
+inline int64_t maxIntN(int64_t N) {
+  assert(N > 0 && N <= 64 && "integer width out of range");
+
+  // This relies on two's complement wraparound when N == 64, so we convert to
+  // int64_t only at the very end to avoid UB.
+  return (UINT64_C(1) << (N - 1)) - 1;
+}
+
+/// isUIntN - Checks if an unsigned integer fits into the given (dynamic)
+/// bit width.
+inline bool isUIntN(unsigned N, uint64_t x) {
+  return N >= 64 || x <= maxUIntN(N);
+}
+
+/// isIntN - Checks if an signed integer fits into the given (dynamic)
+/// bit width.
+inline bool isIntN(unsigned N, int64_t x) {
+  return N >= 64 || (minIntN(N) <= x && x <= maxIntN(N));
+}
+
+/// isMask_32 - This function returns true if the argument is a non-empty
+/// sequence of ones starting at the least significant bit with the remainder
+/// zero (32 bit version).  Ex. isMask_32(0x0000FFFFU) == true.
+constexpr inline bool isMask_32(uint32_t Value) {
+  return Value && ((Value + 1) & Value) == 0;
+}
+
+/// isMask_64 - This function returns true if the argument is a non-empty
+/// sequence of ones starting at the least significant bit with the remainder
+/// zero (64 bit version).
+constexpr inline bool isMask_64(uint64_t Value) {
+  return Value && ((Value + 1) & Value) == 0;
+}
+
+/// isShiftedMask_32 - This function returns true if the argument contains a
+/// non-empty sequence of ones with the remainder zero (32 bit version.)
+/// Ex. isShiftedMask_32(0x0000FF00U) == true.
+constexpr inline bool isShiftedMask_32(uint32_t Value) {
+  return Value && isMask_32((Value - 1) | Value);
+}
+
+/// isShiftedMask_64 - This function returns true if the argument contains a
+/// non-empty sequence of ones with the remainder zero (64 bit version.)
+constexpr inline bool isShiftedMask_64(uint64_t Value) {
+  return Value && isMask_64((Value - 1) | Value);
+}
+
+/// isPowerOf2_32 - This function returns true if the argument is a power of
+/// two > 0. Ex. isPowerOf2_32(0x00100000U) == true (32 bit edition.)
+constexpr inline bool isPowerOf2_32(uint32_t Value) {
+  return Value && !(Value & (Value - 1));
+}
+
+/// isPowerOf2_64 - This function returns true if the argument is a power of two
+/// > 0 (64 bit edition.)
+constexpr inline bool isPowerOf2_64(uint64_t Value) {
+  return Value && !(Value & (Value - int64_t(1L)));
+}
+
+/// ByteSwap_16 - This function returns a byte-swapped representation of the
+/// 16-bit argument, Value.
+inline uint16_t ByteSwap_16(uint16_t Value) {
+  return hecl::bswap16(Value);
+}
+
+/// ByteSwap_32 - This function returns a byte-swapped representation of the
+/// 32-bit argument, Value.
+inline uint32_t ByteSwap_32(uint32_t Value) {
+  return hecl::bswap32(Value);
+}
+
+/// ByteSwap_64 - This function returns a byte-swapped representation of the
+/// 64-bit argument, Value.
+inline uint64_t ByteSwap_64(uint64_t Value) {
+  return hecl::bswap64(Value);
+}
+
+/// \brief Count the number of ones from the most significant bit to the first
+/// zero bit.
+///
+/// Ex. CountLeadingOnes(0xFF0FFF00) == 8.
+/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
+///
+/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of all ones. Only ZB_Width and
+/// ZB_Undefined are valid arguments.
+template <typename T>
+std::size_t countLeadingOnes(T Value, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
+                    !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
+                "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
+  return countLeadingZeros(~Value, ZB);
+}
+
+/// \brief Count the number of ones from the least significant bit to the first
+/// zero bit.
+///
+/// Ex. countTrailingOnes(0x00FF00FF) == 8.
+/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
+///
+/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of all ones. Only ZB_Width and
+/// ZB_Undefined are valid arguments.
+template <typename T>
+std::size_t countTrailingOnes(T Value, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
+                    !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
+                "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
+  return countTrailingZeros(~Value, ZB);
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T, std::size_t SizeOfT> struct PopulationCounter {
+  static unsigned count(T Value) {
+    // Generic version, forward to 32 bits.
+    static_assert(SizeOfT <= 4, "Not implemented!");
+#if __GNUC__ >= 4
+    return __builtin_popcount(Value);
+#else
+    uint32_t v = Value;
+    v = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);
+    v = (v & 0x33333333) + ((v >> 2) & 0x33333333);
+    return ((v + (v >> 4) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct PopulationCounter<T, 8> {
+  static unsigned count(T Value) {
+#if __GNUC__ >= 4
+    return __builtin_popcountll(Value);
+#else
+    uint64_t v = Value;
+    v = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555ULL);
+    v = (v & 0x3333333333333333ULL) + ((v >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333ULL);
+    v = (v + (v >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL;
+    return unsigned((uint64_t)(v * 0x0101010101010101ULL) >> 56);
+#endif
+  }
+};
+} // namespace detail
+
+/// \brief Count the number of set bits in a value.
+/// Ex. countPopulation(0xF000F000) = 8
+/// Returns 0 if the word is zero.
+template <typename T>
+inline unsigned countPopulation(T Value) {
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
+                    !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
+                "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
+  return detail::PopulationCounter<T, sizeof(T)>::count(Value);
+}
+
+/// Log2 - This function returns the log base 2 of the specified value
+inline double Log2(double Value) {
+#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 18
+  return __builtin_log(Value) / __builtin_log(2.0);
+#else
+  return log2(Value);
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Log2_32 - This function returns the floor log base 2 of the specified value,
+/// -1 if the value is zero. (32 bit edition.)
+/// Ex. Log2_32(32) == 5, Log2_32(1) == 0, Log2_32(0) == -1, Log2_32(6) == 2
+inline unsigned Log2_32(uint32_t Value) {
+  return 31 - countLeadingZeros(Value);
+}
+
+/// Log2_64 - This function returns the floor log base 2 of the specified value,
+/// -1 if the value is zero. (64 bit edition.)
+inline unsigned Log2_64(uint64_t Value) {
+  return 63 - countLeadingZeros(Value);
+}
+
+/// Log2_32_Ceil - This function returns the ceil log base 2 of the specified
+/// value, 32 if the value is zero. (32 bit edition).
+/// Ex. Log2_32_Ceil(32) == 5, Log2_32_Ceil(1) == 0, Log2_32_Ceil(6) == 3
+inline unsigned Log2_32_Ceil(uint32_t Value) {
+  return 32 - countLeadingZeros(Value - 1);
+}
+
+/// Log2_64_Ceil - This function returns the ceil log base 2 of the specified
+/// value, 64 if the value is zero. (64 bit edition.)
+inline unsigned Log2_64_Ceil(uint64_t Value) {
+  return 64 - countLeadingZeros(Value - 1);
+}
+
+/// GreatestCommonDivisor64 - Return the greatest common divisor of the two
+/// values using Euclid's algorithm.
+inline uint64_t GreatestCommonDivisor64(uint64_t A, uint64_t B) {
+  while (B) {
+    uint64_t T = B;
+    B = A % B;
+    A = T;
+  }
+  return A;
+}
+
+/// BitsToDouble - This function takes a 64-bit integer and returns the bit
+/// equivalent double.
+inline double BitsToDouble(uint64_t Bits) {
+  union {
+    uint64_t L;
+    double D;
+  } T;
+  T.L = Bits;
+  return T.D;
+}
+
+/// BitsToFloat - This function takes a 32-bit integer and returns the bit
+/// equivalent float.
+inline float BitsToFloat(uint32_t Bits) {
+  union {
+    uint32_t I;
+    float F;
+  } T;
+  T.I = Bits;
+  return T.F;
+}
+
+/// DoubleToBits - This function takes a double and returns the bit
+/// equivalent 64-bit integer.  Note that copying doubles around
+/// changes the bits of NaNs on some hosts, notably x86, so this
+/// routine cannot be used if these bits are needed.
+inline uint64_t DoubleToBits(double Double) {
+  union {
+    uint64_t L;
+    double D;
+  } T;
+  T.D = Double;
+  return T.L;
+}
+
+/// FloatToBits - This function takes a float and returns the bit
+/// equivalent 32-bit integer.  Note that copying floats around
+/// changes the bits of NaNs on some hosts, notably x86, so this
+/// routine cannot be used if these bits are needed.
+inline uint32_t FloatToBits(float Float) {
+  union {
+    uint32_t I;
+    float F;
+  } T;
+  T.F = Float;
+  return T.I;
+}
+
+/// MinAlign - A and B are either alignments or offsets.  Return the minimum
+/// alignment that may be assumed after adding the two together.
+constexpr inline uint64_t MinAlign(uint64_t A, uint64_t B) {
+  // The largest power of 2 that divides both A and B.
+  //
+  // Replace "-Value" by "1+~Value" in the following commented code to avoid
+  // MSVC warning C4146
+  //    return (A | B) & -(A | B);
+  return (A | B) & (1 + ~(A | B));
+}
+
+/// \brief Aligns \c Addr to \c Alignment bytes, rounding up.
+///
+/// Alignment should be a power of two.  This method rounds up, so
+/// alignAddr(7, 4) == 8 and alignAddr(8, 4) == 8.
+inline uintptr_t alignAddr(const void *Addr, size_t Alignment) {
+  assert(Alignment && isPowerOf2_64((uint64_t)Alignment) &&
+         "Alignment is not a power of two!");
+
+  assert((uintptr_t)Addr + Alignment - 1 >= (uintptr_t)Addr);
+
+  return (((uintptr_t)Addr + Alignment - 1) & ~(uintptr_t)(Alignment - 1));
+}
+
+/// \brief Returns the necessary adjustment for aligning \c Ptr to \c Alignment
+/// bytes, rounding up.
+inline size_t alignmentAdjustment(const void *Ptr, size_t Alignment) {
+  return alignAddr(Ptr, Alignment) - (uintptr_t)Ptr;
+}
+
+/// NextPowerOf2 - Returns the next power of two (in 64-bits)
+/// that is strictly greater than A.  Returns zero on overflow.
+inline uint64_t NextPowerOf2(uint64_t A) {
+  A |= (A >> 1);
+  A |= (A >> 2);
+  A |= (A >> 4);
+  A |= (A >> 8);
+  A |= (A >> 16);
+  A |= (A >> 32);
+  return A + 1;
+}
+
+/// Returns the power of two which is less than or equal to the given value.
+/// Essentially, it is a floor operation across the domain of powers of two.
+inline uint64_t PowerOf2Floor(uint64_t A) {
+  if (!A) return 0;
+  return 1ull << (63 - countLeadingZeros(A, ZB_Undefined));
+}
+
+/// Returns the power of two which is greater than or equal to the given value.
+/// Essentially, it is a ceil operation across the domain of powers of two.
+inline uint64_t PowerOf2Ceil(uint64_t A) {
+  if (!A)
+    return 0;
+  return NextPowerOf2(A - 1);
+}
+
+/// Returns the next integer (mod 2**64) that is greater than or equal to
+/// \p Value and is a multiple of \p Align. \p Align must be non-zero.
+///
+/// If non-zero \p Skew is specified, the return value will be a minimal
+/// integer that is greater than or equal to \p Value and equal to
+/// \p Align * N + \p Skew for some integer N. If \p Skew is larger than
+/// \p Align, its value is adjusted to '\p Skew mod \p Align'.
+///
+/// Examples:
+/// \code
+///   alignTo(5, 8) = 8
+///   alignTo(17, 8) = 24
+///   alignTo(~0LL, 8) = 0
+///   alignTo(321, 255) = 510
+///
+///   alignTo(5, 8, 7) = 7
+///   alignTo(17, 8, 1) = 17
+///   alignTo(~0LL, 8, 3) = 3
+///   alignTo(321, 255, 42) = 552
+/// \endcode
+inline uint64_t alignTo(uint64_t Value, uint64_t Align, uint64_t Skew = 0) {
+  assert(Align != 0u && "Align can't be 0.");
+  Skew %= Align;
+  return (Value + Align - 1 - Skew) / Align * Align + Skew;
+}
+
+/// Returns the next integer (mod 2**64) that is greater than or equal to
+/// \p Value and is a multiple of \c Align. \c Align must be non-zero.
+template <uint64_t Align> constexpr inline uint64_t alignTo(uint64_t Value) {
+  static_assert(Align != 0u, "Align must be non-zero");
+  return (Value + Align - 1) / Align * Align;
+}
+
+/// \c alignTo for contexts where a constant expression is required.
+/// \sa alignTo
+///
+/// \todo FIXME: remove when \c constexpr becomes really \c constexpr
+template <uint64_t Align>
+struct AlignTo {
+  static_assert(Align != 0u, "Align must be non-zero");
+  template <uint64_t Value>
+  struct from_value {
+    static const uint64_t value = (Value + Align - 1) / Align * Align;
+  };
+};
+
+/// Returns the largest uint64_t less than or equal to \p Value and is
+/// \p Skew mod \p Align. \p Align must be non-zero
+inline uint64_t alignDown(uint64_t Value, uint64_t Align, uint64_t Skew = 0) {
+  assert(Align != 0u && "Align can't be 0.");
+  Skew %= Align;
+  return (Value - Skew) / Align * Align + Skew;
+}
+
+/// Returns the offset to the next integer (mod 2**64) that is greater than
+/// or equal to \p Value and is a multiple of \p Align. \p Align must be
+/// non-zero.
+inline uint64_t OffsetToAlignment(uint64_t Value, uint64_t Align) {
+  return alignTo(Value, Align) - Value;
+}
+
+/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 32-bit integer.
+/// Requires 0 < B <= 32.
+template <unsigned B> constexpr inline int32_t SignExtend32(uint32_t X) {
+  static_assert(B > 0, "Bit width can't be 0.");
+  static_assert(B <= 32, "Bit width out of range.");
+  return int32_t(X << (32 - B)) >> (32 - B);
+}
+
+/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 32-bit integer.
+/// Requires 0 < B < 32.
+inline int32_t SignExtend32(uint32_t X, unsigned B) {
+  assert(B > 0 && "Bit width can't be 0.");
+  assert(B <= 32 && "Bit width out of range.");
+  return int32_t(X << (32 - B)) >> (32 - B);
+}
+
+/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 64-bit integer.
+/// Requires 0 < B < 64.
+template <unsigned B> constexpr inline int64_t SignExtend64(uint64_t x) {
+  static_assert(B > 0, "Bit width can't be 0.");
+  static_assert(B <= 64, "Bit width out of range.");
+  return int64_t(x << (64 - B)) >> (64 - B);
+}
+
+/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 64-bit integer.
+/// Requires 0 < B < 64.
+inline int64_t SignExtend64(uint64_t X, unsigned B) {
+  assert(B > 0 && "Bit width can't be 0.");
+  assert(B <= 64 && "Bit width out of range.");
+  return int64_t(X << (64 - B)) >> (64 - B);
+}
+
+/// Subtract two unsigned integers, X and Y, of type T and return the absolute
+/// value of the result.
+template <typename T>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>::type
+AbsoluteDifference(T X, T Y) {
+  return std::max(X, Y) - std::min(X, Y);
+}
+
+/// Add two unsigned integers, X and Y, of type T.  Clamp the result to the
+/// maximum representable value of T on overflow.  ResultOverflowed indicates if
+/// the result is larger than the maximum representable value of type T.
+template <typename T>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>::type
+SaturatingAdd(T X, T Y, bool *ResultOverflowed = nullptr) {
+  bool Dummy;
+  bool &Overflowed = ResultOverflowed ? *ResultOverflowed : Dummy;
+  // Hacker's Delight, p. 29
+  T Z = X + Y;
+  Overflowed = (Z < X || Z < Y);
+  if (Overflowed)
+    return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+  else
+    return Z;
+}
+
+/// Multiply two unsigned integers, X and Y, of type T.  Clamp the result to the
+/// maximum representable value of T on overflow.  ResultOverflowed indicates if
+/// the result is larger than the maximum representable value of type T.
+template <typename T>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>::type
+SaturatingMultiply(T X, T Y, bool *ResultOverflowed = nullptr) {
+  bool Dummy;
+  bool &Overflowed = ResultOverflowed ? *ResultOverflowed : Dummy;
+
+  // Hacker's Delight, p. 30 has a different algorithm, but we don't use that
+  // because it fails for uint16_t (where multiplication can have undefined
+  // behavior due to promotion to int), and requires a division in addition
+  // to the multiplication.
+
+  Overflowed = false;
+
+  // Log2(Z) would be either Log2Z or Log2Z + 1.
+  // Special case: if X or Y is 0, Log2_64 gives -1, and Log2Z
+  // will necessarily be less than Log2Max as desired.
+  int Log2Z = Log2_64(X) + Log2_64(Y);
+  const T Max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+  int Log2Max = Log2_64(Max);
+  if (Log2Z < Log2Max) {
+    return X * Y;
+  }
+  if (Log2Z > Log2Max) {
+    Overflowed = true;
+    return Max;
+  }
+
+  // We're going to use the top bit, and maybe overflow one
+  // bit past it. Multiply all but the bottom bit then add
+  // that on at the end.
+  T Z = (X >> 1) * Y;
+  if (Z & ~(Max >> 1)) {
+    Overflowed = true;
+    return Max;
+  }
+  Z <<= 1;
+  if (X & 1)
+    return SaturatingAdd(Z, Y, ResultOverflowed);
+
+  return Z;
+}
+
+/// Multiply two unsigned integers, X and Y, and add the unsigned integer, A to
+/// the product. Clamp the result to the maximum representable value of T on
+/// overflow. ResultOverflowed indicates if the result is larger than the
+/// maximum representable value of type T.
+template <typename T>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>::type
+SaturatingMultiplyAdd(T X, T Y, T A, bool *ResultOverflowed = nullptr) {
+  bool Dummy;
+  bool &Overflowed = ResultOverflowed ? *ResultOverflowed : Dummy;
+
+  T Product = SaturatingMultiply(X, Y, &Overflowed);
+  if (Overflowed)
+    return Product;
+
+  return SaturatingAdd(A, Product, &Overflowed);
+}
+
+/// Use this rather than HUGE_VALF; the latter causes warnings on MSVC.
+extern const float huge_valf;
+} // End llvm namespace
+} // End hecl namespace
+
+#endif
diff --git a/hecl/lib/CMakeLists.txt b/hecl/lib/CMakeLists.txt
index 77f6e7379..ac90f4726 100644
--- a/hecl/lib/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/hecl/lib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ add_library(hecl-common
             ../include/hecl/Database.hpp
             ../include/hecl/Runtime.hpp
             ../include/hecl/ClientProcess.hpp
+            ../include/hecl/BitVector.hpp
+            ../include/hecl/MathExtras.hpp
             ClientProcess.cpp
             atdna_HMDLMeta.cpp
             atdna_Frontend.cpp