diff --git a/tinyxml2.cpp b/tinyxml2.cpp
index 3c0eef3..cefd22d 100755
--- a/tinyxml2.cpp
+++ b/tinyxml2.cpp
@@ -887,6 +887,17 @@ char* XMLNode::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEnd )
             break;
         }
 
+        XMLDeclaration* decl = node->ToDeclaration();
+        if ( decl ) {
+                // A declaration can only be the first child of a document.
+                // Set error, if document already has children.
+                if ( !_document->NoChildren() ) {
+                        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, decl->Value(), 0);
+                        DeleteNode( decl );
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
         XMLElement* ele = node->ToElement();
         if ( ele ) {
             // We read the end tag. Return it to the parent.
@@ -1846,7 +1857,7 @@ XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFile( FILE* fp )
         return _errorID;
     }
 
-    if ( filelength >= (size_t)-1 ) {
+    if ( (size_t)filelength >= (size_t)-1 ) {
         // Cannot handle files which won't fit in buffer together with null terminator
         SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0 );
         return _errorID;
diff --git a/xmltest.cpp b/xmltest.cpp
index b70fc51..f3fa7b2 100644
--- a/xmltest.cpp
+++ b/xmltest.cpp
@@ -1460,6 +1460,25 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 		XMLTest( "Error should be cleared", false, doc.Error() );
 	}
 
+	{
+		// Check that declarations are parsed only as the FirstChild
+                const char* xml0 = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" ?>"
+                                   "   <!-- xml version=\"1.1\" -->"
+                                   "<first />";
+                const char* xml1 = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" ?>"
+                                   "   <?xml version=\"1.1\" ?>"
+                                   "<first />";
+                const char* xml2 = "<first />"
+                                   "<?xml version=\"1.0\" ?>";
+                XMLDocument doc;
+                doc.Parse(xml0);
+                XMLTest("Test that the code changes do not affect normal parsing", doc.Error(), false);
+                doc.Parse(xml1);
+                XMLTest("Test that the second declaration throws an error", doc.ErrorID(), XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION);
+                doc.Parse(xml2);
+                XMLTest("Test that declaration after a child throws an error", doc.ErrorID(), XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION);
+	}
+
 	// ----------- Performance tracking --------------
 	{
 #if defined( _MSC_VER )