diff --git a/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.cpp b/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.cpp
index cd6a7aa496..6aafe84062 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.cpp
@@ -362,9 +362,11 @@ namespace dawn_native {
     // BindGroupLayoutBase
 
     BindGroupLayoutBase::BindGroupLayoutBase(DeviceBase* device,
-                                             const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor)
+                                             const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken)
         : CachedObject(device, kLabelNotImplemented),
-          mBindingInfo(BindingIndex(descriptor->entryCount)) {
+          mBindingInfo(BindingIndex(descriptor->entryCount)),
+          mPipelineCompatibilityToken(pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
         std::vector<BindGroupLayoutEntry> sortedBindings(
             descriptor->entries, descriptor->entries + descriptor->entryCount);
 
@@ -422,6 +424,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
 
     size_t BindGroupLayoutBase::ComputeContentHash() {
         ObjectContentHasher recorder;
+        recorder.Record(mPipelineCompatibilityToken);
+
         // std::map is sorted by key, so two BGLs constructed in different orders
         // will still record the same.
         for (const auto& it : mBindingMap) {
@@ -441,15 +445,7 @@ namespace dawn_native {
 
     bool BindGroupLayoutBase::EqualityFunc::operator()(const BindGroupLayoutBase* a,
                                                        const BindGroupLayoutBase* b) const {
-        if (a->GetBindingCount() != b->GetBindingCount()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (BindingIndex i{0}; i < a->GetBindingCount(); ++i) {
-            if (a->mBindingInfo[i] != b->mBindingInfo[i]) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return a->mBindingMap == b->mBindingMap;
+        return a->IsLayoutEqual(b);
     }
 
     BindingIndex BindGroupLayoutBase::GetBindingCount() const {
@@ -475,6 +471,27 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         return mBindingCounts;
     }
 
+    bool BindGroupLayoutBase::IsLayoutEqual(const BindGroupLayoutBase* other,
+                                            bool excludePipelineCompatibiltyToken) const {
+        if (!excludePipelineCompatibiltyToken &&
+            GetPipelineCompatibilityToken() != other->GetPipelineCompatibilityToken()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (GetBindingCount() != other->GetBindingCount()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (BindingIndex i{0}; i < GetBindingCount(); ++i) {
+            if (mBindingInfo[i] != other->mBindingInfo[i]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return mBindingMap == other->mBindingMap;
+    }
+
+    PipelineCompatibilityToken BindGroupLayoutBase::GetPipelineCompatibilityToken() const {
+        return mPipelineCompatibilityToken;
+    }
+
     size_t BindGroupLayoutBase::GetBindingDataSize() const {
         // | ------ buffer-specific ----------| ------------ object pointers -------------|
         // | --- offsets + sizes -------------| --------------- Ref<ObjectBase> ----------|
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.h b/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.h
index 8db649252d..728e641fb0 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.h
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ namespace dawn_native {
     // into a packed range of |BindingIndex| integers.
     class BindGroupLayoutBase : public CachedObject {
       public:
-        BindGroupLayoutBase(DeviceBase* device, const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+        BindGroupLayoutBase(DeviceBase* device,
+                            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
         ~BindGroupLayoutBase() override;
 
         static BindGroupLayoutBase* MakeError(DeviceBase* device);
@@ -76,6 +78,13 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         // should be used to get typed integer counts.
         const BindingCounts& GetBindingCountInfo() const;
 
+        // Tests that the BindingInfo of two bind groups are equal,
+        // ignoring their compatibility groups.
+        bool IsLayoutEqual(const BindGroupLayoutBase* other,
+                           bool excludePipelineCompatibiltyToken = false) const;
+
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken GetPipelineCompatibilityToken() const;
+
         struct BufferBindingData {
             uint64_t offset;
             uint64_t size;
@@ -115,6 +124,10 @@ namespace dawn_native {
 
         // Map from BindGroupLayoutEntry.binding to packed indices.
         BindingMap mBindingMap;
+
+        // Non-0 if this BindGroupLayout was created as part of a default PipelineLayout.
+        const PipelineCompatibilityToken mPipelineCompatibilityToken =
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken(0);
     };
 
 }  // namespace dawn_native
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/DawnNative.cpp b/src/dawn_native/DawnNative.cpp
index b5e1ba40fa..3cdea5425f 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/DawnNative.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/DawnNative.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "dawn_native/DawnNative.h"
 
+#include "dawn_native/BindGroupLayout.h"
 #include "dawn_native/Buffer.h"
 #include "dawn_native/Device.h"
 #include "dawn_native/Instance.h"
@@ -236,4 +237,11 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         return reinterpret_cast<const BufferBase*>(buffer)->GetAllocatedSize();
     }
 
+    bool BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(WGPUBindGroupLayout a, WGPUBindGroupLayout b) {
+        BindGroupLayoutBase* aBase = reinterpret_cast<BindGroupLayoutBase*>(a);
+        BindGroupLayoutBase* bBase = reinterpret_cast<BindGroupLayoutBase*>(b);
+        bool excludePipelineCompatibiltyToken = true;
+        return aBase->IsLayoutEqual(bBase, excludePipelineCompatibiltyToken);
+    }
+
 }  // namespace dawn_native
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/Device.cpp b/src/dawn_native/Device.cpp
index 834ff00844..7fa05a8aa0 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/Device.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/Device.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace dawn_native {
     // DeviceBase
 
     DeviceBase::DeviceBase(AdapterBase* adapter, const DeviceDescriptor* descriptor)
-        : mInstance(adapter->GetInstance()), mAdapter(adapter) {
+        : mInstance(adapter->GetInstance()), mAdapter(adapter), mNextPipelineCompatibilityToken(1) {
         if (descriptor != nullptr) {
             ApplyToggleOverrides(descriptor);
             ApplyExtensions(descriptor);
@@ -520,8 +520,9 @@ namespace dawn_native {
     }
 
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> DeviceBase::GetOrCreateBindGroupLayout(
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        BindGroupLayoutBase blueprint(this, descriptor);
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        BindGroupLayoutBase blueprint(this, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken);
 
         const size_t blueprintHash = blueprint.ComputeContentHash();
         blueprint.SetContentHash(blueprintHash);
@@ -531,7 +532,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         if (iter != mCaches->bindGroupLayouts.end()) {
             result = *iter;
         } else {
-            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(result, CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(descriptor));
+            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(result,
+                            CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
             result->SetIsCachedReference();
             result->SetContentHash(blueprintHash);
             mCaches->bindGroupLayouts.insert(result.Get());
@@ -1519,4 +1521,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
                 std::move(pipeline), errorMessage, callback, userdata, blueprintHash));
     }
 
+    PipelineCompatibilityToken DeviceBase::GetNextPipelineCompatibilityToken() {
+        return PipelineCompatibilityToken(mNextPipelineCompatibilityToken++);
+    }
+
 }  // namespace dawn_native
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/Device.h b/src/dawn_native/Device.h
index 603298836f..0cd06eb3b4 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/Device.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/Device.h
@@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         // instead of a backend Foo object. If the blueprint doesn't match an object in the
         // cache, then the descriptor is used to make a new object.
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> GetOrCreateBindGroupLayout(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken = PipelineCompatibilityToken(0));
         void UncacheBindGroupLayout(BindGroupLayoutBase* obj);
 
         BindGroupLayoutBase* GetEmptyBindGroupLayout();
@@ -298,6 +299,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
                                                  void* userdata,
                                                  size_t blueprintHash);
 
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken GetNextPipelineCompatibilityToken();
+
       protected:
         void SetToggle(Toggle toggle, bool isEnabled);
         void ForceSetToggle(Toggle toggle, bool isEnabled);
@@ -312,7 +315,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         virtual ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupBase>> CreateBindGroupImpl(
             const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) = 0;
         virtual ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) = 0;
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) = 0;
         virtual ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> CreateBufferImpl(
             const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) = 0;
         virtual ResultOrError<Ref<ComputePipelineBase>> CreateComputePipelineImpl(
@@ -449,6 +453,7 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         TogglesSet mEnabledToggles;
         TogglesSet mOverridenToggles;
         size_t mLazyClearCountForTesting = 0;
+        std::atomic_uint64_t mNextPipelineCompatibilityToken;
 
         ExtensionsSet mEnabledExtensions;
 
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/IntegerTypes.h b/src/dawn_native/IntegerTypes.h
index 55d9edf43e..fbbaf4ed1a 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/IntegerTypes.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/IntegerTypes.h
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ namespace dawn_native {
     using ExecutionSerial = TypedInteger<struct QueueSerialT, uint64_t>;
     constexpr ExecutionSerial kMaxExecutionSerial = ExecutionSerial(~uint64_t(0));
 
+    // An identifier that indicates which Pipeline a BindGroupLayout is compatible with. Pipelines
+    // created with a default layout will produce BindGroupLayouts with a non-zero compatibility
+    // token, which prevents them (and any BindGroups created with them) from being used with any
+    // other pipelines.
+    using PipelineCompatibilityToken = TypedInteger<struct PipelineCompatibilityTokenT, uint64_t>;
+
 }  // namespace dawn_native
 
 #endif  // DAWNNATIVE_INTEGERTYPES_H_
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.cpp b/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.cpp
index e99ad2279e..b2a22c623d 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 
 namespace dawn_native {
 
-    MaybeError ValidatePipelineLayoutDescriptor(DeviceBase* device,
-                                                const PipelineLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    MaybeError ValidatePipelineLayoutDescriptor(
+        DeviceBase* device,
+        const PipelineLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
         if (descriptor->nextInChain != nullptr) {
             return DAWN_VALIDATION_ERROR("nextInChain must be nullptr");
         }
@@ -37,6 +39,12 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         BindingCounts bindingCounts = {};
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < descriptor->bindGroupLayoutCount; ++i) {
             DAWN_TRY(device->ValidateObject(descriptor->bindGroupLayouts[i]));
+            if (descriptor->bindGroupLayouts[i]->GetPipelineCompatibilityToken() !=
+                pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+                return DAWN_VALIDATION_ERROR(
+                    "cannot create a pipeline layout using a bind group layout that was created as "
+                    "part of a pipeline's default layout");
+            }
             AccumulateBindingCounts(&bindingCounts,
                                     descriptor->bindGroupLayouts[i]->GetBindingCountInfo());
         }
@@ -203,9 +211,13 @@ namespace dawn_native {
             return entry;
         };
 
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken =
+            device->GetNextPipelineCompatibilityToken();
+
         // Creates the BGL from the entries for a stage, checking it is valid.
-        auto CreateBGL = [](DeviceBase* device,
-                            const EntryMap& entries) -> ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> {
+        auto CreateBGL = [](DeviceBase* device, const EntryMap& entries,
+                            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken)
+            -> ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> {
             std::vector<BindGroupLayoutEntry> entryVec;
             entryVec.reserve(entries.size());
             for (auto& it : entries) {
@@ -219,7 +231,7 @@ namespace dawn_native {
             if (device->IsValidationEnabled()) {
                 DAWN_TRY(ValidateBindGroupLayoutDescriptor(device, &desc));
             }
-            return device->GetOrCreateBindGroupLayout(&desc);
+            return device->GetOrCreateBindGroupLayout(&desc, pipelineCompatibilityToken);
         };
 
         ASSERT(!stages.empty());
@@ -276,7 +288,8 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         BindGroupIndex pipelineBGLCount = BindGroupIndex(0);
         ityp::array<BindGroupIndex, Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>, kMaxBindGroups> bindGroupLayouts = {};
         for (BindGroupIndex group(0); group < kMaxBindGroupsTyped; ++group) {
-            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bindGroupLayouts[group], CreateBGL(device, entryData[group]));
+            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bindGroupLayouts[group],
+                            CreateBGL(device, entryData[group], pipelineCompatibilityToken));
             if (entryData[group].size() != 0) {
                 pipelineBGLCount = group + BindGroupIndex(1);
             }
@@ -292,7 +305,7 @@ namespace dawn_native {
         desc.bindGroupLayouts = bgls.data();
         desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(pipelineBGLCount);
 
-        DAWN_TRY(ValidatePipelineLayoutDescriptor(device, &desc));
+        DAWN_TRY(ValidatePipelineLayoutDescriptor(device, &desc, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
 
         Ref<PipelineLayoutBase> result;
         DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(result, device->GetOrCreatePipelineLayout(&desc));
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.h b/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.h
index 0c1b5d74da..a9ee34988a 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/PipelineLayout.h
@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@
 
 namespace dawn_native {
 
-    MaybeError ValidatePipelineLayoutDescriptor(DeviceBase*,
-                                                const PipelineLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+    MaybeError ValidatePipelineLayoutDescriptor(
+        DeviceBase*,
+        const PipelineLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken = PipelineCompatibilityToken(0));
 
     using BindGroupLayoutArray =
         ityp::array<BindGroupIndex, Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>, kMaxBindGroups>;
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.cpp b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.cpp
index 30b5a54d54..dd191e1cb3 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.cpp
@@ -59,13 +59,17 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace d3d12 {
     }  // anonymous namespace
 
     // static
-    Ref<BindGroupLayout> BindGroupLayout::Create(Device* device,
-                                                 const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(device, descriptor));
+    Ref<BindGroupLayout> BindGroupLayout::Create(
+        Device* device,
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
     }
 
-    BindGroupLayout::BindGroupLayout(Device* device, const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor)
-        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor),
+    BindGroupLayout::BindGroupLayout(Device* device,
+                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken)
+        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken),
           mDescriptorHeapOffsets(GetBindingCount()),
           mShaderRegisters(GetBindingCount()),
           mCbvUavSrvDescriptorCount(0),
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.h b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.h
index eb7b313ea6..abf67021a0 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.h
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace d3d12 {
     class BindGroupLayout final : public BindGroupLayoutBase {
       public:
         static Ref<BindGroupLayout> Create(Device* device,
-                                           const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+                                           const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
 
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroup>> AllocateBindGroup(Device* device,
                                                         const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor);
@@ -60,7 +61,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace d3d12 {
         const std::vector<D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE>& GetSamplerDescriptorRanges() const;
 
       private:
-        BindGroupLayout(Device* device, const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+        BindGroupLayout(Device* device,
+                        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
         ~BindGroupLayout() override = default;
 
         // Contains the offset into the descriptor heap for the given resource view. Samplers and
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.cpp b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.cpp
index f34ac637f5..ab53a76e37 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.cpp
@@ -319,8 +319,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace d3d12 {
         return BindGroup::Create(this, descriptor);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> Device::CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return BindGroupLayout::Create(this, descriptor);
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return BindGroupLayout::Create(this, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> Device::CreateBufferImpl(const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
         return Buffer::Create(this, descriptor);
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.h b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.h
index e4d5cb0d84..84309699f1 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.h
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace d3d12 {
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupBase>> CreateBindGroupImpl(
             const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) override;
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> CreateBufferImpl(
             const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<ComputePipelineBase>> CreateComputePipelineImpl(
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.h b/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.h
index edd9c35b1c..1d2c2a9334 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.h
@@ -26,13 +26,16 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace metal {
     class BindGroupLayout final : public BindGroupLayoutBase {
       public:
         static Ref<BindGroupLayout> Create(DeviceBase* device,
-                                           const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+                                           const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
 
         Ref<BindGroup> AllocateBindGroup(Device* device, const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor);
         void DeallocateBindGroup(BindGroup* bindGroup);
 
       private:
-        BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device, const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+        BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device,
+                        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
         ~BindGroupLayout() override = default;
 
         SlabAllocator<BindGroup> mBindGroupAllocator;
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.mm b/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.mm
index 535979bb83..5d748c1f78 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.mm
+++ b/src/dawn_native/metal/BindGroupLayoutMTL.mm
@@ -19,14 +19,17 @@
 namespace dawn_native { namespace metal {
 
     // static
-    Ref<BindGroupLayout> BindGroupLayout::Create(DeviceBase* device,
-                                                 const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(device, descriptor));
+    Ref<BindGroupLayout> BindGroupLayout::Create(
+        DeviceBase* device,
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
     }
 
     BindGroupLayout::BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device,
-                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor)
-        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor),
+                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken)
+        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken),
           mBindGroupAllocator(MakeFrontendBindGroupAllocator<BindGroup>(4096)) {
     }
 
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.h b/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.h
index d1881e51e6..19b900b755 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.h
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace metal {
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupBase>> CreateBindGroupImpl(
             const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) override;
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> CreateBufferImpl(
             const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<CommandBufferBase>> CreateCommandBuffer(
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.mm b/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.mm
index 17c6ba98f1..348f5db312 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.mm
+++ b/src/dawn_native/metal/DeviceMTL.mm
@@ -213,8 +213,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace metal {
         return BindGroup::Create(this, descriptor);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> Device::CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return BindGroupLayout::Create(this, descriptor);
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return BindGroupLayout::Create(this, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> Device::CreateBufferImpl(const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
         return Buffer::Create(this, descriptor);
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.cpp b/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.cpp
index 0c0b0d3d2e..d6b4d999b3 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.cpp
@@ -99,8 +99,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace null {
         return AcquireRef(new BindGroup(this, descriptor));
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> Device::CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(this, descriptor));
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(this, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> Device::CreateBufferImpl(const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
         DAWN_TRY(IncrementMemoryUsage(descriptor->size));
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.h b/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.h
index 0021056ccb..15bc75953a 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/null/DeviceNull.h
@@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace null {
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupBase>> CreateBindGroupImpl(
             const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) override;
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> CreateBufferImpl(
             const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<ComputePipelineBase>> CreateComputePipelineImpl(
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.cpp b/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.cpp
index 619e4e62ee..d008b1d48a 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@
 namespace dawn_native { namespace opengl {
 
     BindGroupLayout::BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device,
-                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor)
-        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor),
+                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken)
+        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken),
           mBindGroupAllocator(MakeFrontendBindGroupAllocator<BindGroup>(4096)) {
     }
 
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.h b/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.h
index edd1dd050b..136bd0a7e5 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/opengl/BindGroupLayoutGL.h
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace opengl {
 
     class BindGroupLayout final : public BindGroupLayoutBase {
       public:
-        BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device, const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+        BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device,
+                        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
 
         Ref<BindGroup> AllocateBindGroup(Device* device, const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor);
         void DeallocateBindGroup(BindGroup* bindGroup);
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.cpp b/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.cpp
index 5d9ef310be..5f9a078af2 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.cpp
@@ -116,8 +116,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace opengl {
         return BindGroup::Create(this, descriptor);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> Device::CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(this, descriptor));
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(this, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> Device::CreateBufferImpl(const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
         return AcquireRef(new Buffer(this, descriptor));
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.h b/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.h
index 1bb16bc771..2a191fc364 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/opengl/DeviceGL.h
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace opengl {
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupBase>> CreateBindGroupImpl(
             const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) override;
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> CreateBufferImpl(
             const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<ComputePipelineBase>> CreateComputePipelineImpl(
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.cpp b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.cpp
index 1e1b673c0d..53e636c604 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.cpp
@@ -78,8 +78,10 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
     // static
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayout>> BindGroupLayout::Create(
         Device* device,
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        Ref<BindGroupLayout> bgl = AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(device, descriptor));
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        Ref<BindGroupLayout> bgl =
+            AcquireRef(new BindGroupLayout(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken));
         DAWN_TRY(bgl->Initialize());
         return bgl;
     }
@@ -139,8 +141,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
     }
 
     BindGroupLayout::BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device,
-                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor)
-        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor),
+                                     const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken)
+        : BindGroupLayoutBase(device, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken),
           mBindGroupAllocator(MakeFrontendBindGroupAllocator<BindGroup>(4096)) {
     }
 
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.h b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.h
index 72f8b698d7..0956b8ce33 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BindGroupLayoutVk.h
@@ -47,9 +47,12 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
       public:
         static ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayout>> Create(
             Device* device,
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
 
-        BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device, const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor);
+        BindGroupLayout(DeviceBase* device,
+                        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken);
 
         VkDescriptorSetLayout GetHandle() const;
 
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.cpp b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.cpp
index 9a2cf96575..0f368b89fc 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.cpp
@@ -108,8 +108,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
         return BindGroup::Create(this, descriptor);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> Device::CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
-        return BindGroupLayout::Create(this, descriptor);
+        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+        PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) {
+        return BindGroupLayout::Create(this, descriptor, pipelineCompatibilityToken);
     }
     ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> Device::CreateBufferImpl(const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
         return Buffer::Create(this, descriptor);
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.h b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.h
index d28cec3f13..e053ebf1c2 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.h
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupBase>> CreateBindGroupImpl(
             const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase>> CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
-            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) override;
+            const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor,
+            PipelineCompatibilityToken pipelineCompatibilityToken) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> CreateBufferImpl(
             const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) override;
         ResultOrError<Ref<ComputePipelineBase>> CreateComputePipelineImpl(
diff --git a/src/include/dawn_native/DawnNative.h b/src/include/dawn_native/DawnNative.h
index 4281e0559a..77f46d740a 100644
--- a/src/include/dawn_native/DawnNative.h
+++ b/src/include/dawn_native/DawnNative.h
@@ -252,6 +252,9 @@ namespace dawn_native {
 
     DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT uint64_t GetAllocatedSizeForTesting(WGPUBuffer buffer);
 
+    DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT bool BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(WGPUBindGroupLayout a,
+                                                                   WGPUBindGroupLayout b);
+
 }  // namespace dawn_native
 
 #endif  // DAWNNATIVE_DAWNNATIVE_H_
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/ColorStateTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/ColorStateTests.cpp
index fb7fe64985..478d61a491 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/ColorStateTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/ColorStateTests.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ class ColorStateTest : public DawnTest {
     void SetUp() override {
         DawnTest::SetUp();
 
+        wgpu::BindGroupLayout bindGroupLayout = utils::MakeBindGroupLayout(
+            device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform}});
+        pipelineLayout = utils::MakePipelineLayout(device, {bindGroupLayout});
+
         // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/489): D3D12_Microsoft_Basic_Render_Driver_CPU
         // produces invalid results for these tests.
         DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsD3D12() && IsWARP());
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ class ColorStateTest : public DawnTest {
             )");
 
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor baseDescriptor;
+        baseDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
         baseDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
         baseDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
         baseDescriptor.cTargets[0].format = renderPass.colorFormat;
@@ -76,6 +81,7 @@ class ColorStateTest : public DawnTest {
         basePipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&baseDescriptor);
 
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor testDescriptor;
+        testDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
         testDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
         testDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
         testDescriptor.cTargets[0] = colorTargetState;
@@ -205,6 +211,7 @@ class ColorStateTest : public DawnTest {
                          alphaFactor, tests);
     }
 
+    wgpu::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
     utils::BasicRenderPass renderPass;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline basePipeline;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline testPipeline;
@@ -811,6 +818,7 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, IndependentColorState) {
     )");
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor baseDescriptor;
+    baseDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
     baseDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
     baseDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
     baseDescriptor.cFragment.targetCount = 4;
@@ -818,6 +826,7 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, IndependentColorState) {
     basePipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&baseDescriptor);
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor testDescriptor;
+    testDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
     testDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
     testDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
     testDescriptor.cFragment.targetCount = 4;
@@ -918,6 +927,7 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, DefaultBlendColor) {
     )");
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor baseDescriptor;
+    baseDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
     baseDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
     baseDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
     baseDescriptor.cTargets[0].format = renderPass.colorFormat;
@@ -925,6 +935,7 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, DefaultBlendColor) {
     basePipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&baseDescriptor);
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor testDescriptor;
+    testDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
     testDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
     testDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
     testDescriptor.cTargets[0].format = renderPass.colorFormat;
@@ -1042,6 +1053,7 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, ColorWriteMaskDoesNotAffectRenderPassLoadOpClear) {
     )");
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor baseDescriptor;
+    baseDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
     baseDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
     baseDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
     baseDescriptor.cTargets[0].format = renderPass.colorFormat;
@@ -1049,6 +1061,7 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, ColorWriteMaskDoesNotAffectRenderPassLoadOpClear) {
     basePipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&baseDescriptor);
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor testDescriptor;
+    testDescriptor.layout = pipelineLayout;
     testDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
     testDescriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
     testDescriptor.cTargets[0].format = renderPass.colorFormat;
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/CreatePipelineAsyncTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/CreatePipelineAsyncTests.cpp
index 2023884b56..e209ebac8c 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/CreatePipelineAsyncTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/CreatePipelineAsyncTests.cpp
@@ -348,7 +348,25 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateSameComputePipelineTwice) {
 // Verify creating compute pipeline with same descriptor and CreateComputePipelineAsync() at the
 // same time works correctly.
 TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateSamePipelineTwiceAtSameTime) {
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry binding = {};
+    binding.binding = 0;
+    binding.buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage;
+    binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Compute;
+
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor desc = {};
+    desc.entryCount = 1;
+    desc.entries = &binding;
+
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayout bindGroupLayout = device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc);
+
+    wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor pipelineLayoutDesc = {};
+    pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
+    pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayouts = &bindGroupLayout;
+
+    wgpu::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout = device.CreatePipelineLayout(&pipelineLayoutDesc);
+
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor csDesc;
+    csDesc.layout = pipelineLayout;
     csDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         [[block]] struct SSBO {
             value : u32;
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/EntryPointTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/EntryPointTests.cpp
index b951341ce8..5b760c5d17 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/EntryPointTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/EntryPointTests.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,23 @@ TEST_P(EntryPointTests, FragAndVertexSameModule) {
 
 // Test creating two compute pipelines from the same module.
 TEST_P(EntryPointTests, TwoComputeInModule) {
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry binding = {};
+    binding.binding = 0;
+    binding.buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage;
+    binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Compute;
+
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor desc = {};
+    desc.entryCount = 1;
+    desc.entries = &binding;
+
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayout bindGroupLayout = device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc);
+
+    wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor pipelineLayoutDesc = {};
+    pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
+    pipelineLayoutDesc.bindGroupLayouts = &bindGroupLayout;
+
+    wgpu::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout = device.CreatePipelineLayout(&pipelineLayoutDesc);
+
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         [[block]] struct Data {
             data : u32;
@@ -79,6 +96,7 @@ TEST_P(EntryPointTests, TwoComputeInModule) {
 
     // Create both pipelines from the module.
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
+    pipelineDesc.layout = pipelineLayout;
     pipelineDesc.compute.module = module;
 
     pipelineDesc.compute.entryPoint = "write1";
@@ -93,8 +111,7 @@ TEST_P(EntryPointTests, TwoComputeInModule) {
     bufferDesc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc);
 
-    wgpu::BindGroup group =
-        utils::MakeBindGroup(device, write1.GetBindGroupLayout(0), {{0, buffer}});
+    wgpu::BindGroup group = utils::MakeBindGroup(device, bindGroupLayout, {{0, buffer}});
 
     // Use the first pipeline and check it wrote 1.
     {
diff --git a/src/tests/unittests/validation/GetBindGroupLayoutValidationTests.cpp b/src/tests/unittests/validation/GetBindGroupLayoutValidationTests.cpp
index 7fddceade2..45ef7c8edb 100644
--- a/src/tests/unittests/validation/GetBindGroupLayoutValidationTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/unittests/validation/GetBindGroupLayoutValidationTests.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,21 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, SameObject) {
     EXPECT_NE(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(2).Get());
 }
 
+// Test that default BindGroupLayouts cannot be used in the creation of a new PipelineLayout
+TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DefaultBindGroupLayoutPipelineCompatibility) {
+    wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
+        [[block]] struct S {
+            pos : vec4<f32>;
+        };
+        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+
+        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
+        })");
+
+    ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::MakePipelineLayout(device, {pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0)}));
+}
+
 // Test that getBindGroupLayout defaults are correct
 // - shader stage visibility is the stage that adds the binding.
 // - dynamic offsets is false
@@ -123,10 +138,11 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DefaultShaderStageAndDynamicOffsets) {
     desc.entryCount = 1;
     desc.entries = &binding;
 
-    // Check that visibility and dynamic offsets match
+    // Check that an otherwise compatible bind group layout doesn't match one created as part of a
+    // default pipeline layout.
     binding.buffer.hasDynamicOffset = false;
     binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
-    EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+    EXPECT_NE(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
 
     // Check that any change in visibility doesn't match.
     binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex;
@@ -220,42 +236,52 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DefaultTextureSampleType) {
     };
 
     // Textures not used default to non-filtering
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
+        nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(), filteringBGL.Get()));
 
     // Textures used with textureLoad default to non-filtering
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(), nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(), filteringBGL.Get()));
 
     // Textures used with textureLoad on both stages default to non-filtering
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
+        nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
+        filteringBGL.Get()));
 
     // Textures used with textureSample default to filtering
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
+        nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(emptyVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(), filteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
+        nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, unusedTextureFragmentModule).Get(),
+        filteringBGL.Get()));
 
     // Textures used with both textureLoad and textureSample default to filtering
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_NE(BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
-              nonFilteringBGL.Get());
-    EXPECT_EQ(BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
-              filteringBGL.Get());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
+        nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureLoadVertexModule, textureSampleFragmentModule).Get(),
+        filteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
+        nonFilteringBGL.Get()));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        BGLFromModules(textureSampleVertexModule, textureLoadFragmentModule).Get(),
+        filteringBGL.Get()));
 }
 
 // Test GetBindGroupLayout works with a compute pipeline
@@ -293,7 +319,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ComputePipeline) {
     desc.entryCount = 1;
     desc.entries = &binding;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
 }
 
 // Test that the binding type matches the shader.
@@ -326,7 +353,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = ssbo.pos;
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
     {
         binding.buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform;
@@ -339,7 +367,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -353,7 +382,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = ssbo.pos;
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     binding.buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Undefined;
@@ -366,7 +396,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -377,7 +408,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     binding.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Undefined;
@@ -389,7 +421,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(mySampler);
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -416,7 +449,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ExternalTextureBindingType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                ignore(myExternalTexture);
             })");
-    EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
 }
 
 // Test that texture view dimension matches the shader.
@@ -443,7 +477,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -454,7 +489,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -465,7 +501,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -476,7 +513,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -487,7 +525,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -498,7 +537,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -525,7 +565,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, TextureComponentType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -536,7 +577,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, TextureComponentType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -547,7 +589,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, TextureComponentType) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 ignore(textureDimensions(myTexture));
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -579,7 +622,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingIndices) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -593,7 +637,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingIndices) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
-        EXPECT_EQ(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 
     {
@@ -607,7 +652,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingIndices) {
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
-        EXPECT_NE(device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get(), pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -718,7 +764,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         descriptor.vertex.module = vsModule4;
         descriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule4;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
-        EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), bgl4.Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), bgl4.Get()));
     }
 
     // Check that the max is taken between 4 and 64.
@@ -726,7 +773,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         descriptor.vertex.module = vsModule64;
         descriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule4;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
-        EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), bgl64.Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), bgl64.Get()));
     }
 
     // Check that the order doesn't change that the max is taken.
@@ -734,7 +782,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         descriptor.vertex.module = vsModule4;
         descriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule64;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
-        EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), bgl64.Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), bgl64.Get()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -787,7 +836,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, StageAggregation) {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
 
         binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex;
-        EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get()));
     }
 
     // Check with only the fragment shader using the sampler
@@ -797,7 +847,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, StageAggregation) {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
 
         binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
-        EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get()));
     }
 
     // Check with both shaders using the sampler
@@ -807,7 +858,8 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, StageAggregation) {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
 
         binding.visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment | wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex;
-        EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+            pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc).Get()));
     }
 }
 
@@ -955,10 +1007,14 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, UnusedIndex) {
 
     wgpu::BindGroupLayout emptyBindGroupLayout = device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&desc);
 
-    EXPECT_NE(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get());  // Used
-    EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(1).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get());  // Not Used.
-    EXPECT_NE(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(2).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get());  // Used.
-    EXPECT_EQ(pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(3).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get());  // Not used
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get()));  // Used
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(1).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get()));  // Not Used.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(2).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get()));  // Used.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dawn_native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
+        pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(3).Get(), emptyBindGroupLayout.Get()));  // Not used
 }
 
 // Test that after explicitly creating a pipeline with a pipeline layout, calling