diff --git a/include/dawn/native/D3D11Backend.h b/include/dawn/native/D3D11Backend.h
index b090071799..5fae9565cc 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/D3D11Backend.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/D3D11Backend.h
@@ -25,11 +25,15 @@
 
 namespace dawn::native::d3d11 {
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptions : public d3d::AdapterDiscoveryOptions {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions();
-    explicit AdapterDiscoveryOptions(Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter);
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions
+    : public d3d::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions();
+    explicit PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter);
 };
 
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Deprecated.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptions = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions;
+
 DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> GetD3D11Device(WGPUDevice device);
 
 }  // namespace dawn::native::d3d11
diff --git a/include/dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h b/include/dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h
index cb148051df..eb0ca2be3e 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h
@@ -38,11 +38,15 @@ DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT uint64_t SetExternalMemoryReservation(WGPUDevice device,
                                                          uint64_t requestedReservationSize,
                                                          MemorySegment memorySegment);
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptions : public d3d::AdapterDiscoveryOptions {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions();
-    explicit AdapterDiscoveryOptions(Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter);
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions
+    : public d3d::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions();
+    explicit PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter);
 };
 
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Deprecated.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptions = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions;
+
 }  // namespace dawn::native::d3d12
 
 #endif  // INCLUDE_DAWN_NATIVE_D3D12BACKEND_H_
diff --git a/include/dawn/native/D3DBackend.h b/include/dawn/native/D3DBackend.h
index 590f8fa226..d791d3e875 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/D3DBackend.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/D3DBackend.h
@@ -30,11 +30,16 @@ class ExternalImageDXGIImpl;
 
 DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> GetDXGIAdapter(WGPUAdapter adapter);
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptions : public AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type, Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter);
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions
+    : public PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type,
+                                   Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter);
     Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> dxgiAdapter;
 };
 
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Deprecated.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptions = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions;
+
 struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle : ExternalImageDescriptor {
   public:
     ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle();
diff --git a/include/dawn/native/DawnNative.h b/include/dawn/native/DawnNative.h
index 477c57de29..9ebaae828b 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/DawnNative.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/DawnNative.h
@@ -118,15 +118,19 @@ class DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT Adapter {
     AdapterBase* mImpl = nullptr;
 };
 
-// Base class for options passed to Instance::DiscoverAdapters.
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase {
+// Base class for options passed to Instance::DiscoverPhysicalDevices.
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase {
   public:
     const WGPUBackendType backendType;
 
   protected:
-    explicit AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType type);
+    explicit PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType type);
 };
 
+// Deprecated, use PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase instead.
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Remove this.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase;
+
 enum BackendValidationLevel { Full, Partial, Disabled };
 
 // Can be chained in InstanceDescriptor
@@ -156,15 +160,20 @@ class DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT Instance {
     Instance(const Instance& other) = delete;
     Instance& operator=(const Instance& other) = delete;
 
-    // Gather all adapters in the system that can be accessed with no special options. These
-    // adapters will later be returned by GetAdapters.
-    void DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    // Gather all physical devices in the system that can be accessed with no special options.
+    void DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
-    // Adds adapters that can be discovered with the options provided (like a getProcAddress).
-    // The backend is chosen based on the type of the options used. Returns true on success.
+    // Adds physical devices that can be discovered with the options provided (like a
+    // getProcAddress). The backend is chosen based on the type of the options used. Returns true on
+    // success.
+    bool DiscoverPhysicalDevices(const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
+
+    // Deprecated, use DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices and DiscoverPhysicalDevices instead.
+    // TODO(Dawn:1774): Remove these.
+    void DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
     bool DiscoverAdapters(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
 
-    // Returns all the adapters that the instance knows about.
+    // Returns a vector of adapters, one for each physical device the instance knows about.
     std::vector<Adapter> GetAdapters() const;
 
     const ToggleInfo* GetToggleInfo(const char* toggleName);
diff --git a/include/dawn/native/MetalBackend.h b/include/dawn/native/MetalBackend.h
index a41cb6b437..c401d7d474 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/MetalBackend.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/MetalBackend.h
@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@ typedef __IOSurface* IOSurfaceRef;
 
 namespace dawn::native::metal {
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptions : public AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions();
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions
+    : public PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions();
 };
 
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Deprecated.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptions = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions;
+
 struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageMTLSharedEventDescriptor {
     // Shared event handle `id<MTLSharedEvent>`.
     // This never passes ownership to the callee (when used as an input
diff --git a/include/dawn/native/OpenGLBackend.h b/include/dawn/native/OpenGLBackend.h
index fd41b70427..580c444b78 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/OpenGLBackend.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/OpenGLBackend.h
@@ -21,14 +21,18 @@ typedef void* EGLImage;
 
 namespace dawn::native::opengl {
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptions : public AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase {
-    explicit AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type);
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions
+    : public PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase {
+    explicit PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type);
 
     void* (*getProc)(const char*);
 };
 
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Deprecated.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptions = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions;
+
 // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/810): This struct can be removed once Chrome is no longer using it.
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptionsES : public AdapterDiscoveryOptions {
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptionsES : public PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions {
     AdapterDiscoveryOptionsES();
 };
 
diff --git a/include/dawn/native/VulkanBackend.h b/include/dawn/native/VulkanBackend.h
index a056356f04..a677388e6f 100644
--- a/include/dawn/native/VulkanBackend.h
+++ b/include/dawn/native/VulkanBackend.h
@@ -28,12 +28,16 @@ DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT VkInstance GetInstance(WGPUDevice device);
 
 DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PFN_vkVoidFunction GetInstanceProcAddr(WGPUDevice device, const char* pName);
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT AdapterDiscoveryOptions : public AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions();
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions
+    : public PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions();
 
     bool forceSwiftShader = false;
 };
 
+// TODO(dawn:1774): Deprecated.
+using AdapterDiscoveryOptions = PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions;
+
 enum class NeedsDedicatedAllocation {
     Yes,
     No,
diff --git a/src/dawn/fuzzers/DawnWireServerFuzzer.cpp b/src/dawn/fuzzers/DawnWireServerFuzzer.cpp
index 406be4c7c9..fdd288bcef 100644
--- a/src/dawn/fuzzers/DawnWireServerFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/fuzzers/DawnWireServerFuzzer.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ int DawnWireServerFuzzer::Initialize(int* argc, char*** argv) {
     sVulkanLoader.Open(dawn::GetExecutableDirectory().value_or("") + "vulkan-1.dll");
 #endif
 
-    sInstance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    sInstance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.cpp b/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.cpp
index 8d4dd6af3f..88634031d9 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.cpp
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ InstanceBase* BackendConnection::GetInstance() const {
     return mInstance;
 }
 
-ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> BackendConnection::DiscoverAdapters(
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
-    return DAWN_VALIDATION_ERROR("DiscoverAdapters not implemented for this backend.");
+ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> BackendConnection::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
+    return DAWN_VALIDATION_ERROR("DiscoverPhysicalDevices not implemented for this backend.");
 }
 
 }  // namespace dawn::native
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.h b/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.h
index 920141a946..951a78153b 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.h
+++ b/src/dawn/native/BackendConnection.h
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ class BackendConnection {
     wgpu::BackendType GetType() const;
     InstanceBase* GetInstance() const;
 
-    // Returns all the adapters for the system that can be created by the backend, without extra
-    // options (such as debug adapters, custom driver libraries, etc.)
-    virtual std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultAdapters() = 0;
+    // Returns all the physical devices for the system that can be created by the backend, without
+    // extra options (such as debug adapters, custom driver libraries, etc.)
+    virtual std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() = 0;
 
-    // Returns new adapters created with the backend-specific options.
-    virtual ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverAdapters(
-        const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
+    // Returns new physical devices created with the backend-specific options.
+    virtual ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+        const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
 
   private:
     InstanceBase* mInstance = nullptr;
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/DawnNative.cpp b/src/dawn/native/DawnNative.cpp
index 2de16e74f8..6594b647eb 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/DawnNative.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/DawnNative.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void Adapter::ResetInternalDeviceForTesting() {
 
 // AdapterDiscoverOptionsBase
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase::AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType type)
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType type)
     : backendType(type) {}
 
 // DawnInstanceDescriptor
@@ -162,12 +162,22 @@ Instance::~Instance() {
     }
 }
 
-void Instance::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
-    mImpl->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+void Instance::DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() {
+    mImpl->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 }
 
+bool Instance::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
+    return mImpl->DiscoverPhysicalDevices(options);
+}
+
+// Deprecated.
+void Instance::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
+    mImpl->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
+}
+
+// Deprecated.
 bool Instance::DiscoverAdapters(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
-    return mImpl->DiscoverAdapters(options);
+    return mImpl->DiscoverPhysicalDevices(options);
 }
 
 std::vector<Adapter> Instance::GetAdapters() const {
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/Instance.cpp b/src/dawn/native/Instance.cpp
index 98482e1baa..f84becf77e 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/Instance.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/Instance.cpp
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ ResultOrError<Ref<AdapterBase>> InstanceBase::RequestAdapterInternal(
     if (options->forceFallbackAdapter) {
 #if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
         if (GetEnabledBackends()[wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan]) {
-            dawn_native::vulkan::AdapterDiscoveryOptions vulkanOptions;
+            dawn_native::vulkan::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions vulkanOptions;
             vulkanOptions.forceSwiftShader = true;
 
-            MaybeError result = DiscoverAdaptersInternal(&vulkanOptions);
+            MaybeError result = DiscoverPhysicalDevicesInternal(&vulkanOptions);
             if (result.IsError()) {
                 dawn::WarningLog() << absl::StrFormat(
                     "Skipping Vulkan Swiftshader adapter because initialization failed: %s",
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ ResultOrError<Ref<AdapterBase>> InstanceBase::RequestAdapterInternal(
         return Ref<AdapterBase>(nullptr);
 #endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
     } else {
-        DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
     }
 
     wgpu::AdapterType preferredType;
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ ResultOrError<Ref<AdapterBase>> InstanceBase::RequestAdapterInternal(
         new AdapterBase(std::move(selectedPhysicalDevice), featureLevel, adapterToggles));
 }
 
-void InstanceBase::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
+void InstanceBase::DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() {
     for (wgpu::BackendType b : IterateBitSet(GetEnabledBackends())) {
         EnsureBackendConnection(b);
     }
@@ -325,7 +325,8 @@ void InstanceBase::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
 
     // Query and merge all default adapters for all backends
     for (std::unique_ptr<BackendConnection>& backend : mBackends) {
-        std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices = backend->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices =
+            backend->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
         for (Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>& physicalDevice : physicalDevices) {
             ASSERT(physicalDevice->GetBackendType() == backend->GetType());
@@ -338,8 +339,8 @@ void InstanceBase::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
 }
 
 // This is just a wrapper around the real logic that uses Error.h error handling.
-bool InstanceBase::DiscoverAdapters(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
-    MaybeError result = DiscoverAdaptersInternal(options);
+bool InstanceBase::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
+    MaybeError result = DiscoverPhysicalDevicesInternal(options);
 
     if (result.IsError()) {
         dawn::WarningLog() << absl::StrFormat(
@@ -450,7 +451,8 @@ void InstanceBase::EnsureBackendConnection(wgpu::BackendType backendType) {
     mBackendsConnected.set(backendType);
 }
 
-MaybeError InstanceBase::DiscoverAdaptersInternal(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
+MaybeError InstanceBase::DiscoverPhysicalDevicesInternal(
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options) {
     wgpu::BackendType backendType = static_cast<wgpu::BackendType>(options->backendType);
     DAWN_TRY(ValidateBackendType(backendType));
 
@@ -468,7 +470,7 @@ MaybeError InstanceBase::DiscoverAdaptersInternal(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsB
         foundBackend = true;
 
         std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> newPhysicalDevices;
-        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(newPhysicalDevices, backend->DiscoverAdapters(options));
+        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(newPhysicalDevices, backend->DiscoverPhysicalDevices(options));
 
         for (Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>& physicalDevice : newPhysicalDevices) {
             ASSERT(physicalDevice->GetBackendType() == backend->GetType());
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/Instance.h b/src/dawn/native/Instance.h
index b149e6d98d..aabb9a621b 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/Instance.h
+++ b/src/dawn/native/Instance.h
@@ -58,9 +58,10 @@ class InstanceBase final : public RefCountedWithExternalCount {
                            WGPURequestAdapterCallback callback,
                            void* userdata);
 
-    void DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
-    bool DiscoverAdapters(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
+    void DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
+    bool DiscoverPhysicalDevices(const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
 
+    // Return adapters created on every known physical device.
     std::vector<Ref<AdapterBase>> GetAdapters() const;
 
     // Used to handle error that happen up to device creation.
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class InstanceBase final : public RefCountedWithExternalCount {
     // Lazily creates connections to all backends that have been compiled.
     void EnsureBackendConnection(wgpu::BackendType backendType);
 
-    MaybeError DiscoverAdaptersInternal(const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
+    MaybeError DiscoverPhysicalDevicesInternal(const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* options);
 
     ResultOrError<Ref<AdapterBase>> RequestAdapterInternal(const RequestAdapterOptions* options);
 
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.cpp b/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.cpp
index a9006f49fa..9d998706bf 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.cpp
@@ -238,35 +238,35 @@ const PlatformFunctions* Backend::GetFunctions() const {
     return mFunctions.get();
 }
 
-std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions options(ToAPI(GetType()), nullptr);
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> adapters;
-    if (GetInstance()->ConsumedError(DiscoverAdapters(&options), &adapters)) {
+std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options(ToAPI(GetType()), nullptr);
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices;
+    if (GetInstance()->ConsumedError(DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options), &physicalDevices)) {
         return {};
     }
-    return adapters;
+    return physicalDevices;
 }
 
-ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverAdapters(
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
+ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
     ASSERT(optionsBase->backendType == ToAPI(GetType()));
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptions* options =
-        static_cast<const AdapterDiscoveryOptions*>(optionsBase);
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions* options =
+        static_cast<const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions*>(optionsBase);
 
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> adapters;
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices;
     if (options->dxgiAdapter != nullptr) {
         // |dxgiAdapter| was provided. Discover just that adapter.
         Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase> adapter;
         DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(adapter, CreatePhysicalDeviceFromIDXGIAdapter(options->dxgiAdapter));
-        adapters.push_back(std::move(adapter));
-        return std::move(adapters);
+        physicalDevices.push_back(std::move(adapter));
+        return std::move(physicalDevices);
     }
 
-    // Enumerate and discover all available adapters.
+    // Enumerate and discover all available physicalDevices.
     for (uint32_t adapterIndex = 0;; ++adapterIndex) {
         ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> dxgiAdapter = nullptr;
         if (GetFactory()->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &dxgiAdapter) == DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
-            break;  // No more adapters to enumerate.
+            break;  // No more physicalDevices to enumerate.
         }
 
         ASSERT(dxgiAdapter != nullptr);
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverAdapters(
             continue;
         }
 
-        adapters.push_back(std::move(adapter));
+        physicalDevices.push_back(std::move(adapter));
     }
 
-    return adapters;
+    return physicalDevices;
 }
 
 }  // namespace dawn::native::d3d
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.h b/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.h
index 957dad7371..261e59f192 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.h
+++ b/src/dawn/native/d3d/BackendD3D.h
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ class Backend : public BackendConnection {
 
     const PlatformFunctions* GetFunctions() const;
 
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultAdapters() override;
-    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverAdapters(
-        const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) override;
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() override;
+    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+        const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) override;
 
   protected:
     virtual ResultOrError<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> CreatePhysicalDeviceFromIDXGIAdapter(
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/d3d/D3DBackend.cpp b/src/dawn/native/d3d/D3DBackend.cpp
index c03d4e8d1b..063fa23c1c 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/d3d/D3DBackend.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/d3d/D3DBackend.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> GetDXGIAdapter(WGPUAdapter adapter) {
     return ToBackend(FromAPI(adapter)->GetPhysicalDevice())->GetHardwareAdapter();
 }
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type,
-                                                 Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter)
-    : AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase(type), dxgiAdapter(std::move(adapter)) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(
+    WGPUBackendType type,
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter)
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase(type), dxgiAdapter(std::move(adapter)) {}
 
 ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle::ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle()
     : ExternalImageDescriptor(ExternalImageType::DXGISharedHandle) {}
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/d3d11/D3D11Backend.cpp b/src/dawn/native/d3d11/D3D11Backend.cpp
index f4d4c0811e..a7d71680ed 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/d3d11/D3D11Backend.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/d3d11/D3D11Backend.cpp
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@
 
 namespace dawn::native::d3d11 {
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions() : AdapterDiscoveryOptions(nullptr) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions()
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(nullptr) {}
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions(ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter)
-    : d3d::AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType_D3D11, std::move(adapter)) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter)
+    : d3d::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType_D3D11, std::move(adapter)) {}
 
 Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> GetD3D11Device(WGPUDevice device) {
     return ToBackend(FromAPI(device))->GetD3D11Device();
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/d3d12/D3D12Backend.cpp b/src/dawn/native/d3d12/D3D12Backend.cpp
index db693ed916..bd5c5e7b52 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/d3d12/D3D12Backend.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/d3d12/D3D12Backend.cpp
@@ -39,9 +39,10 @@ uint64_t SetExternalMemoryReservation(WGPUDevice device,
         memorySegment, requestedReservationSize);
 }
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions() : AdapterDiscoveryOptions(nullptr) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions()
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(nullptr) {}
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions(ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter)
-    : d3d::AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType_D3D12, std::move(adapter)) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter)
+    : d3d::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType_D3D12, std::move(adapter)) {}
 
 }  // namespace dawn::native::d3d12
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.h b/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.h
index c8abec1b63..d87dd5436d 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.h
+++ b/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.h
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class Backend : public BackendConnection {
     explicit Backend(InstanceBase* instance);
     ~Backend() override;
 
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultAdapters() override;
-    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverAdapters(
-        const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) override;
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() override;
+    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+        const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace dawn::native::metal
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.mm b/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.mm
index ff80849b72..79f70ee547 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.mm
+++ b/src/dawn/native/metal/BackendMTL.mm
@@ -819,9 +819,9 @@ Backend::Backend(InstanceBase* instance) : BackendConnection(instance, wgpu::Bac
 
 Backend::~Backend() = default;
 
-std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    auto result = DiscoverAdapters(&options);
+std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    auto result = DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
     if (result.IsError()) {
         GetInstance()->ConsumedError(result.AcquireError());
         return {};
@@ -829,8 +829,8 @@ std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
     return result.AcquireSuccess();
 }
 
-ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverAdapters(
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
+ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
     ASSERT(optionsBase->backendType == WGPUBackendType_Metal);
 
     std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices;
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/metal/MetalBackend.mm b/src/dawn/native/metal/MetalBackend.mm
index 0bbc2657a6..e785c15901 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/metal/MetalBackend.mm
+++ b/src/dawn/native/metal/MetalBackend.mm
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 namespace dawn::native::metal {
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions()
-    : AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType_Metal) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions()
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType_Metal) {}
 
 ExternalImageDescriptorIOSurface::ExternalImageDescriptorIOSurface()
     : ExternalImageDescriptor(ExternalImageType::IOSurface) {}
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/null/DeviceNull.cpp b/src/dawn/native/null/DeviceNull.cpp
index 69f9411db2..0ea402bc4d 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/null/DeviceNull.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/null/DeviceNull.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class Backend : public BackendConnection {
     explicit Backend(InstanceBase* instance)
         : BackendConnection(instance, wgpu::BackendType::Null) {}
 
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultAdapters() override {
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() override {
         // There is always a single Null adapter because it is purely CPU based and doesn't
         // depend on the system.
         std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices;
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.cpp b/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.cpp
index 6915bb59b8..90ffd6195d 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace dawn::native::opengl {
 Backend::Backend(InstanceBase* instance, wgpu::BackendType backendType)
     : BackendConnection(instance, backendType) {}
 
-std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> adapters;
+std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() {
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices;
 #if DAWN_PLATFORM_IS(WINDOWS)
     const char* eglLib = "libEGL.dll";
 #elif DAWN_PLATFORM_IS(MACOS)
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
         return {};
     }
 
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions options(ToAPI(GetType()));
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options(ToAPI(GetType()));
     options.getProc =
         reinterpret_cast<void* (*)(const char*)>(mLibEGL.GetProc("eglGetProcAddress"));
     if (!options.getProc) {
@@ -69,39 +69,41 @@ std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
 
     context->MakeCurrent();
 
-    auto result = DiscoverAdapters(&options);
+    auto result = DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
 
     if (result.IsError()) {
         GetInstance()->ConsumedError(result.AcquireError());
     } else {
         auto value = result.AcquireSuccess();
-        adapters.insert(adapters.end(), value.begin(), value.end());
+        physicalDevices.insert(physicalDevices.end(), value.begin(), value.end());
     }
 
     egl.MakeCurrent(prevDisplay, prevDrawSurface, prevReadSurface, prevContext);
 
-    return adapters;
+    return physicalDevices;
 }
 
-ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverAdapters(
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
-    // TODO(cwallez@chromium.org): For now only create a single OpenGL adapter because don't
+ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
+    // TODO(cwallez@chromium.org): For now only create a single OpenGL physicalDevice because don't
     // know how to handle MakeCurrent.
-    DAWN_INVALID_IF(mCreatedAdapter, "The OpenGL backend can only create a single adapter.");
+    DAWN_INVALID_IF(mCreatedPhysicalDevice,
+                    "The OpenGL backend can only create a single physicalDevice.");
 
     ASSERT(static_cast<wgpu::BackendType>(optionsBase->backendType) == GetType());
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptions* options =
-        static_cast<const AdapterDiscoveryOptions*>(optionsBase);
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions* options =
+        static_cast<const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions*>(optionsBase);
 
-    DAWN_INVALID_IF(options->getProc == nullptr, "AdapterDiscoveryOptions::getProc must be set");
+    DAWN_INVALID_IF(options->getProc == nullptr,
+                    "PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::getProc must be set");
 
-    Ref<PhysicalDevice> adapter = AcquireRef(new PhysicalDevice(
+    Ref<PhysicalDevice> physicalDevice = AcquireRef(new PhysicalDevice(
         GetInstance(), static_cast<wgpu::BackendType>(optionsBase->backendType)));
-    DAWN_TRY(adapter->InitializeGLFunctions(options->getProc));
-    DAWN_TRY(adapter->Initialize());
+    DAWN_TRY(physicalDevice->InitializeGLFunctions(options->getProc));
+    DAWN_TRY(physicalDevice->Initialize());
 
-    mCreatedAdapter = true;
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> adapters{std::move(adapter)};
+    mCreatedPhysicalDevice = true;
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> adapters{std::move(physicalDevice)};
     return std::move(adapters);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.h b/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.h
index d427ed558e..87b3cf26fb 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.h
+++ b/src/dawn/native/opengl/BackendGL.h
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ class Backend : public BackendConnection {
   public:
     Backend(InstanceBase* instance, wgpu::BackendType backendType);
 
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultAdapters() override;
-    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverAdapters(
-        const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* option) override;
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() override;
+    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+        const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* option) override;
 
   private:
-    bool mCreatedAdapter = false;
+    bool mCreatedPhysicalDevice = false;
     DynamicLib mLibEGL;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/opengl/OpenGLBackend.cpp b/src/dawn/native/opengl/OpenGLBackend.cpp
index 7a4c720b1d..7606613406 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/opengl/OpenGLBackend.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/opengl/OpenGLBackend.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
 
 namespace dawn::native::opengl {
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type)
-    : AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase(type) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType type)
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase(type) {}
 
 AdapterDiscoveryOptionsES::AdapterDiscoveryOptionsES()
-    : AdapterDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType_OpenGLES) {}
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions(WGPUBackendType_OpenGLES) {}
 
 ExternalImageDescriptorEGLImage::ExternalImageDescriptorEGLImage()
     : ExternalImageDescriptor(ExternalImageType::EGLImage) {}
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp b/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp
index 8f5dc5d2ff..89d1b08d24 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp
@@ -457,9 +457,9 @@ Backend::Backend(InstanceBase* instance) : BackendConnection(instance, wgpu::Bac
 
 Backend::~Backend() = default;
 
-std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
-    AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    auto result = DiscoverAdapters(&options);
+std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() {
+    PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    auto result = DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
     if (result.IsError()) {
         GetInstance()->ConsumedError(result.AcquireError());
         return {};
@@ -467,12 +467,12 @@ std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> Backend::DiscoverDefaultAdapters() {
     return result.AcquireSuccess();
 }
 
-ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverAdapters(
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
+ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> Backend::DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) {
     ASSERT(optionsBase->backendType == WGPUBackendType_Vulkan);
 
-    const AdapterDiscoveryOptions* options =
-        static_cast<const AdapterDiscoveryOptions*>(optionsBase);
+    const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions* options =
+        static_cast<const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions*>(optionsBase);
 
     std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> physicalDevices;
 
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.h b/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.h
index 0c6c659807..cf45a70a6f 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.h
+++ b/src/dawn/native/vulkan/BackendVk.h
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ class Backend : public BackendConnection {
 
     MaybeError Initialize();
 
-    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultAdapters() override;
-    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverAdapters(
-        const AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) override;
+    std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>> DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices() override;
+    ResultOrError<std::vector<Ref<PhysicalDeviceBase>>> DiscoverPhysicalDevices(
+        const PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase* optionsBase) override;
 
   private:
     ityp::array<ICD, Ref<VulkanInstance>, 2> mVulkanInstances = {};
diff --git a/src/dawn/native/vulkan/VulkanBackend.cpp b/src/dawn/native/vulkan/VulkanBackend.cpp
index c4f282fe88..e2c183cc9d 100644
--- a/src/dawn/native/vulkan/VulkanBackend.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/native/vulkan/VulkanBackend.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT PFN_vkVoidFunction GetInstanceProcAddr(WGPUDevice device, con
     return (*backendDevice->fn.GetInstanceProcAddr)(backendDevice->GetVkInstance(), pName);
 }
 
-AdapterDiscoveryOptions::AdapterDiscoveryOptions()
-    : AdapterDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType_Vulkan) {}
+PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions()
+    : PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptionsBase(WGPUBackendType_Vulkan) {}
 
 #if DAWN_PLATFORM_IS(LINUX)
 ExternalImageDescriptorOpaqueFD::ExternalImageDescriptorOpaqueFD()
diff --git a/src/dawn/samples/ManualSwapChainTest.cpp b/src/dawn/samples/ManualSwapChainTest.cpp
index 5be6a914bf..c3176d63f3 100644
--- a/src/dawn/samples/ManualSwapChainTest.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/samples/ManualSwapChainTest.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
     dawnProcSetProcs(&procs);
 
     instance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>();
-    instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
     std::vector<dawn::native::Adapter> adapters = instance->GetAdapters();
     dawn::native::Adapter chosenAdapter;
diff --git a/src/dawn/samples/SampleUtils.cpp b/src/dawn/samples/SampleUtils.cpp
index 9d11d889c2..33e886b66d 100644
--- a/src/dawn/samples/SampleUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/samples/SampleUtils.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ wgpu::Device CreateCppDawnDevice() {
     }
 
     instance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>();
-    instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
     // Get an adapter for the backend to use, and create the device.
     dawn::native::Adapter backendAdapter;
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/BUILD.gn b/src/dawn/tests/BUILD.gn
index 40a922e3d6..faea36c0c8 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/BUILD.gn
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/BUILD.gn
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ source_set("end2end_tests_sources") {
   ]
 
   sources = [
-    "end2end/AdapterDiscoveryTests.cpp",
+    "end2end/AdapterCreationTests.cpp",
     "end2end/BasicTests.cpp",
     "end2end/BindGroupTests.cpp",
     "end2end/BufferTests.cpp",
@@ -536,6 +536,7 @@ source_set("end2end_tests_sources") {
     "end2end/NonzeroTextureCreationTests.cpp",
     "end2end/ObjectCachingTests.cpp",
     "end2end/OpArrayLengthTests.cpp",
+    "end2end/PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests.cpp",
     "end2end/PipelineCachingTests.cpp",
     "end2end/PipelineLayoutTests.cpp",
     "end2end/PrimitiveStateTests.cpp",
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/DawnNativeTest.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/DawnNativeTest.cpp
index f71dde7b35..5e81c1c1de 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/DawnNativeTest.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/DawnNativeTest.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ void DawnNativeTest::SetUp() {
     instance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>(
         reinterpret_cast<const WGPUInstanceDescriptor*>(&instanceDesc));
     instance->EnableAdapterBlocklist(false);
-    instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
     std::vector<dawn::native::Adapter> adapters = instance->GetAdapters();
 
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/DawnTest.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/DawnTest.cpp
index 11a14df808..f34e69cb9f 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/DawnTest.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/DawnTest.cpp
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::Instance> DawnTestEnvironment::CreateInstanceAndDi
     }
 #endif  // DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_OPENGLES
 
-    instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
     return instance;
 }
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/benchmarks/NullDeviceSetup.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/benchmarks/NullDeviceSetup.cpp
index 660de4ad31..4549ec05e2 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/benchmarks/NullDeviceSetup.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/benchmarks/NullDeviceSetup.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void SetupNullBackend(const benchmark::State& state) {
 
     if (!nativeInstance) {
         nativeInstance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>();
-        nativeInstance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        nativeInstance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
     }
 
     if (!nullBackendAdapter) {
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/end2end/AdapterDiscoveryTests.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/end2end/AdapterCreationTests.cpp
similarity index 50%
rename from src/dawn/tests/end2end/AdapterDiscoveryTests.cpp
rename to src/dawn/tests/end2end/AdapterCreationTests.cpp
index 904272d52f..bc3bba00b3 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/end2end/AdapterDiscoveryTests.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/end2end/AdapterCreationTests.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2021 The Dawn Authors
+// Copyright 2023 The Dawn Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,36 +16,11 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "dawn/common/GPUInfo.h"
-#include "dawn/common/Log.h"
-#include "dawn/common/Platform.h"
-#include "dawn/common/SystemUtils.h"
 #include "dawn/dawn_proc.h"
 #include "dawn/native/DawnNative.h"
 #include "dawn/tests/MockCallback.h"
 #include "dawn/webgpu_cpp.h"
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
-#include "dawn/native/VulkanBackend.h"
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
-#include "dawn/native/D3D11Backend.h"
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
-#include "dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h"
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
-#include "dawn/native/MetalBackend.h"
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_DESKTOP_GL) || defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_OPENGLES)
-#include "GLFW/glfw3.h"
-#include "dawn/native/OpenGLBackend.h"
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_DESKTOP_GL) || defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_OPENGLES)
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 namespace dawn {
 namespace {
@@ -54,209 +29,15 @@ using testing::_;
 using testing::MockCallback;
 using testing::SaveArg;
 
-class AdapterDiscoveryTests : public ::testing::Test {};
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
-// Test only discovering the SwiftShader adapter
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, OnlySwiftShader) {
-    native::Instance instance;
-
-    native::vulkan::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    options.forceSwiftShader = true;
-    instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-    EXPECT_LE(adapters.size(), 2u);  // 0 or 2 SwiftShader adapters.
-    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan);
-        EXPECT_EQ(properties.adapterType, wgpu::AdapterType::CPU);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(gpu_info::IsGoogleSwiftshader(properties.vendorID, properties.deviceID));
-    }
-}
-
-// Test discovering only Vulkan adapters
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, OnlyVulkan) {
-    native::Instance instance;
-
-    native::vulkan::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan);
-    }
-}
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
-// Test discovering only D3D11 adapters
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, OnlyD3D11) {
-    native::Instance instance;
-
-    native::d3d11::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D11);
-    }
-}
-
-// Test discovering a D3D11 adapter from a prexisting DXGI adapter
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, MatchingDXGIAdapterD3D11) {
-    using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
-
-    ComPtr<IDXGIFactory4> dxgiFactory;
-    HRESULT hr = ::CreateDXGIFactory2(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
-    ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
-
-    for (uint32_t adapterIndex = 0;; ++adapterIndex) {
-        ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> dxgiAdapter = nullptr;
-        if (dxgiFactory->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &dxgiAdapter) == DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
-            break;  // No more adapters to enumerate.
-        }
-
-        native::Instance instance;
-
-        native::d3d11::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-        options.dxgiAdapter = std::move(dxgiAdapter);
-        instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-            EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D11);
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
-// Test discovering only D3D12 adapters
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, OnlyD3D12) {
-    native::Instance instance;
-
-    native::d3d12::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D12);
-    }
-}
-
-// Test discovering a D3D12 adapter from a prexisting DXGI adapter
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, MatchingDXGIAdapterD3D12) {
-    using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
-
-    ComPtr<IDXGIFactory4> dxgiFactory;
-    HRESULT hr = ::CreateDXGIFactory2(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
-    ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
-
-    for (uint32_t adapterIndex = 0;; ++adapterIndex) {
-        ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> dxgiAdapter = nullptr;
-        if (dxgiFactory->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &dxgiAdapter) == DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
-            break;  // No more adapters to enumerate.
-        }
-
-        native::Instance instance;
-
-        native::d3d12::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-        options.dxgiAdapter = std::move(dxgiAdapter);
-        instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-            EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D12);
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
-// Test discovering only Metal adapters
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, OnlyMetal) {
-    native::Instance instance;
-
-    native::metal::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-    instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Metal);
-    }
-}
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
-
-#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL) && defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
-// Test discovering the Metal backend, then the Vulkan backend
-// does not duplicate adapters.
-TEST(AdapterDiscoveryTests, OneBackendThenTheOther) {
-    native::Instance instance;
-    uint32_t metalAdapterCount = 0;
-    {
-        native::metal::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-        instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-        metalAdapterCount = adapters.size();
-        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-            ASSERT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Metal);
-        }
-    }
-    {
-        native::vulkan::AdapterDiscoveryOptions options;
-        instance.DiscoverAdapters(&options);
-
-        uint32_t metalAdapterCount2 = 0;
-        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
-        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
-            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
-            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
-
-            EXPECT_TRUE(properties.backendType == wgpu::BackendType::Metal ||
-                        properties.backendType == wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan);
-            if (properties.backendType == wgpu::BackendType::Metal) {
-                metalAdapterCount2++;
-            }
-        }
-        EXPECT_EQ(metalAdapterCount, metalAdapterCount2);
-    }
-}
-#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN) && defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
-
 class AdapterCreationTest : public ::testing::Test {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
-        dawnProcSetProcs(&dawn_native::GetProcs());
+        dawnProcSetProcs(&native::GetProcs());
 
         {
-            auto nativeInstance = std::make_unique<dawn_native::Instance>();
-            nativeInstance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
-            for (dawn_native::Adapter& nativeAdapter : nativeInstance->GetAdapters()) {
+            auto nativeInstance = std::make_unique<native::Instance>();
+            nativeInstance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
+            for (native::Adapter& nativeAdapter : nativeInstance->GetAdapters()) {
                 anyAdapterAvailable = true;
 
                 wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/end2end/DeviceInitializationTests.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/end2end/DeviceInitializationTests.cpp
index 69e4d5e863..03df13580a 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/end2end/DeviceInitializationTests.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/end2end/DeviceInitializationTests.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ TEST_F(DeviceInitializationTest, DeviceOutlivesInstance) {
     {
         auto instance = std::make_unique<native::Instance>();
         instance->EnableAdapterBlocklist(false);
-        instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
         for (const native::Adapter& adapter : instance->GetAdapters()) {
             wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
             adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ TEST_F(DeviceInitializationTest, DeviceOutlivesInstance) {
 
         auto instance = std::make_unique<native::Instance>();
         instance->EnableAdapterBlocklist(false);
-        instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
         for (native::Adapter& adapter : instance->GetAdapters()) {
             wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
             adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ TEST_F(DeviceInitializationTest, AdapterOutlivesInstance) {
     {
         auto instance = std::make_unique<native::Instance>();
         instance->EnableAdapterBlocklist(false);
-        instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
         for (const native::Adapter& adapter : instance->GetAdapters()) {
             wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
             adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ TEST_F(DeviceInitializationTest, AdapterOutlivesInstance) {
         // It will only be valid as long as the instance is alive.
         WGPUInstance unsafeInstancePtr = instance->Get();
 
-        instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
         for (native::Adapter& nativeAdapter : instance->GetAdapters()) {
             wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
             nativeAdapter.GetProperties(&properties);
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/end2end/PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/end2end/PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ac0bdeb36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/end2end/PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Dawn Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "dawn/common/GPUInfo.h"
+#include "dawn/native/DawnNative.h"
+#include "dawn/webgpu_cpp.h"
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
+#include "dawn/native/VulkanBackend.h"
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
+#include "dawn/native/D3D11Backend.h"
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
+#include "dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h"
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
+#include "dawn/native/MetalBackend.h"
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_DESKTOP_GL) || defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_OPENGLES)
+#include "GLFW/glfw3.h"
+#include "dawn/native/OpenGLBackend.h"
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_DESKTOP_GL) || defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_OPENGLES)
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace dawn {
+namespace {
+
+class PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
+// Test only discovering the SwiftShader physical devices
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, OnlySwiftShader) {
+    native::Instance instance;
+
+    native::vulkan::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    options.forceSwiftShader = true;
+    instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+    EXPECT_LE(adapters.size(), 2u);  // 0 or 2 SwiftShader adapters.
+    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(properties.adapterType, wgpu::AdapterType::CPU);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(gpu_info::IsGoogleSwiftshader(properties.vendorID, properties.deviceID));
+    }
+}
+
+// Test discovering only Vulkan physical devices
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, OnlyVulkan) {
+    native::Instance instance;
+
+    native::vulkan::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan);
+    }
+}
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
+// Test discovering only D3D11 physical devices
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, OnlyD3D11) {
+    native::Instance instance;
+
+    native::d3d11::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D11);
+    }
+}
+
+// Test discovering a D3D11 physical device from a prexisting DXGI adapter
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, MatchingDXGIAdapterD3D11) {
+    using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
+
+    ComPtr<IDXGIFactory4> dxgiFactory;
+    HRESULT hr = ::CreateDXGIFactory2(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
+    ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+    for (uint32_t adapterIndex = 0;; ++adapterIndex) {
+        ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> dxgiAdapter = nullptr;
+        if (dxgiFactory->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &dxgiAdapter) == DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
+            break;  // No more adapters to enumerate.
+        }
+
+        native::Instance instance;
+
+        native::d3d11::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+        options.dxgiAdapter = std::move(dxgiAdapter);
+        instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D11);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D11)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
+// Test discovering only D3D12 physical devices
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, OnlyD3D12) {
+    native::Instance instance;
+
+    native::d3d12::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D12);
+    }
+}
+
+// Test discovering a D3D12 physical device from a prexisting DXGI adapter
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, MatchingDXGIAdapterD3D12) {
+    using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
+
+    ComPtr<IDXGIFactory4> dxgiFactory;
+    HRESULT hr = ::CreateDXGIFactory2(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
+    ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+    for (uint32_t adapterIndex = 0;; ++adapterIndex) {
+        ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> dxgiAdapter = nullptr;
+        if (dxgiFactory->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &dxgiAdapter) == DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
+            break;  // No more adapters to enumerate.
+        }
+
+        native::Instance instance;
+
+        native::d3d12::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+        options.dxgiAdapter = std::move(dxgiAdapter);
+        instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::D3D12);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_D3D12)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
+// Test discovering only Metal physical devices
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, OnlyMetal) {
+    native::Instance instance;
+
+    native::metal::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+    instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+    const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+    for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+        wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+        adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Metal);
+    }
+}
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
+
+#if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL) && defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN)
+// Test discovering the Metal backend, then the Vulkan backend
+// does not duplicate physical devices.
+TEST(PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryTests, OneBackendThenTheOther) {
+    native::Instance instance;
+    uint32_t metalAdapterCount = 0;
+    {
+        native::metal::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+        instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+        metalAdapterCount = adapters.size();
+        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(properties.backendType, wgpu::BackendType::Metal);
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        native::vulkan::PhysicalDeviceDiscoveryOptions options;
+        instance.DiscoverPhysicalDevices(&options);
+
+        uint32_t metalAdapterCount2 = 0;
+        const auto& adapters = instance.GetAdapters();
+        for (const auto& adapter : adapters) {
+            wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
+            adapter.GetProperties(&properties);
+
+            EXPECT_TRUE(properties.backendType == wgpu::BackendType::Metal ||
+                        properties.backendType == wgpu::BackendType::Vulkan);
+            if (properties.backendType == wgpu::BackendType::Metal) {
+                metalAdapterCount2++;
+            }
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(metalAdapterCount, metalAdapterCount2);
+    }
+}
+#endif  // defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_VULKAN) && defined(DAWN_ENABLE_BACKEND_METAL)
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+}  // namespace dawn
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/unittests/ToggleTests.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/unittests/ToggleTests.cpp
index 0b69561bd8..256955ed23 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/unittests/ToggleTests.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/unittests/ToggleTests.cpp
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ TEST_F(InstanceToggleTest, InstanceTogglesInheritToAdapterAndDevice) {
         native::InstanceBase* instance = native::FromAPI(nativeInstance->Get());
         const native::TogglesState& instanceTogglesState = instance->GetTogglesState();
 
-        // Discover adapters with default toggles.
-        instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        // Discover physical devices.
+        instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
 
-        // Get the adapter created by instance with default toggles.
+        // Get the adapters created by instance with default toggles.
         Ref<native::AdapterBase> nullAdapter;
         for (auto& adapter : instance->GetAdapters()) {
             if (adapter->GetPhysicalDevice()->GetBackendType() == wgpu::BackendType::Null) {
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/unittests/native/DeviceCreationTests.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/unittests/native/DeviceCreationTests.cpp
index 620b4d553f..ea505c2137 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/unittests/native/DeviceCreationTests.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/unittests/native/DeviceCreationTests.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class DeviceCreationTest : public testing::Test {
         // Create an instance with default toggles and create an adapter from it.
         WGPUInstanceDescriptor safeInstanceDesc = {};
         instance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>(&safeInstanceDesc);
-        instance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        instance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
         for (dawn::native::Adapter& nativeAdapter : instance->GetAdapters()) {
             wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
             nativeAdapter.GetProperties(&properties);
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class DeviceCreationTest : public testing::Test {
             unsafeInstanceDesc.nextInChain = &unsafeInstanceTogglesDesc.chain;
 
             unsafeInstanceDisallow = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>(&unsafeInstanceDesc);
-            unsafeInstanceDisallow->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+            unsafeInstanceDisallow->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
             for (dawn::native::Adapter& nativeAdapter : unsafeInstanceDisallow->GetAdapters()) {
                 wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
                 nativeAdapter.GetProperties(&properties);
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class DeviceCreationTest : public testing::Test {
         unsafeInstanceDesc.nextInChain = &unsafeInstanceTogglesDesc.chain;
 
         unsafeInstance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>(&unsafeInstanceDesc);
-        unsafeInstance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+        unsafeInstance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
         for (dawn::native::Adapter& nativeAdapter : unsafeInstance->GetAdapters()) {
             wgpu::AdapterProperties properties;
             nativeAdapter.GetProperties(&properties);
diff --git a/src/dawn/tests/unittests/validation/ValidationTest.cpp b/src/dawn/tests/unittests/validation/ValidationTest.cpp
index 310021eba7..f032ba2c08 100644
--- a/src/dawn/tests/unittests/validation/ValidationTest.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn/tests/unittests/validation/ValidationTest.cpp
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ void ValidationTest::SetUp() {
 
     mDawnInstance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>(&instanceDesc);
 
-    mDawnInstance->DiscoverDefaultAdapters();
+    mDawnInstance->DiscoverDefaultPhysicalDevices();
     mInstance = mWireHelper->RegisterInstance(mDawnInstance->Get());
 
     std::string traceName =