diff --git a/src/tint/BUILD.gn b/src/tint/BUILD.gn
index 87eb8521c8..484c6f9ba3 100644
--- a/src/tint/BUILD.gn
+++ b/src/tint/BUILD.gn
@@ -583,6 +583,7 @@ libtint_source_set("libtint_core_all_src") {
     "type/texture.h",
     "type/type.h",
     "type/u32.h",
+    "type/unique_node.h",
     "type/vector.h",
     "type/void.h",
     "utils/bitcast.h",
@@ -754,6 +755,8 @@ libtint_source_set("libtint_type_src") {
     "type/type.h",
     "type/u32.cc",
     "type/u32.h",
+    "type/unique_node.cc",
+    "type/unique_node.h",
     "type/vector.cc",
     "type/vector.h",
     "type/void.cc",
diff --git a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
index ee350f167f..ee7c17c9b3 100644
--- a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -514,6 +514,8 @@ list(APPEND TINT_LIB_SRCS
   type/type.h
   type/u32.cc
   type/u32.h
+  type/unique_node.cc
+  type/unique_node.h
   type/vector.cc
   type/vector.h
   type/void.cc
diff --git a/src/tint/program_builder.h b/src/tint/program_builder.h
index 597463c582..5396cdd0c5 100644
--- a/src/tint/program_builder.h
+++ b/src/tint/program_builder.h
@@ -539,35 +539,18 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
         return constant_nodes_.Create<constant::Splat>(type, element, n);
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new type::Type owned by the ProgramBuilder.
-    /// When the ProgramBuilder is destructed, owned ProgramBuilder and the
-    /// returned `Type` will also be destructed.
-    /// Types are unique (de-aliased), and so calling create() for the same `T`
-    /// and arguments will return the same pointer.
-    /// @param args the arguments to pass to the type constructor
-    /// @returns the de-aliased type pointer
+    /// Creates a new type::Node owned by the ProgramBuilder.
+    /// When the ProgramBuilder is destructed, owned ProgramBuilder and the returned node will also
+    /// be destructed. If T derives from type::UniqueNode, then the calling create() for the same
+    /// `T` and arguments will return the same pointer.
+    /// @param args the arguments to pass to the constructor
+    /// @returns the new, or existing node
     template <typename T, typename... ARGS>
-    traits::EnableIfIsType<T, type::Type>* create(ARGS&&... args) {
+    traits::EnableIfIsType<T, type::Node>* create(ARGS&&... args) {
         AssertNotMoved();
         return types_.Get<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new type::ArrayCount owned by the ProgramBuilder.
-    /// When the ProgramBuilder is destructed, owned ProgramBuilder and the
-    /// returned `ArrayCount` will also be destructed.
-    /// ArrayCounts are unique (de-aliased), and so calling create() for the same `T`
-    /// and arguments will return the same pointer.
-    /// @param args the arguments to pass to the array count constructor
-    /// @returns the de-aliased array count pointer
-    template <typename T, typename... ARGS>
-    traits::EnableIf<traits::IsTypeOrDerived<T, type::ArrayCount> ||
-                         traits::IsTypeOrDerived<T, type::StructMember>,
-                     T>*
-    create(ARGS&&... args) {
-        AssertNotMoved();
-        return types_.GetNode<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
-    }
-
     /// Marks this builder as moved, preventing any further use of the builder.
     void MarkAsMoved();
 
diff --git a/src/tint/resolver/intrinsic_table.cc b/src/tint/resolver/intrinsic_table.cc
index e6fd3df988..a8d3f478fb 100644
--- a/src/tint/resolver/intrinsic_table.cc
+++ b/src/tint/resolver/intrinsic_table.cc
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class Any final : public Castable<Any, type::Type> {
 
     // Stub implementations for type::Type conformance.
     size_t Hash() const override { return 0; }
-    bool Equals(const type::Type&) const override { return false; }
+    bool Equals(const type::UniqueNode&) const override { return false; }
     std::string FriendlyName(const SymbolTable&) const override { return "<any>"; }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/tint/sem/array_count.cc b/src/tint/sem/array_count.cc
index 08719adb99..1999877454 100644
--- a/src/tint/sem/array_count.cc
+++ b/src/tint/sem/array_count.cc
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ size_t NamedOverrideArrayCount::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<NamedOverrideArrayCount>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool NamedOverrideArrayCount::Equals(const ArrayCount& other) const {
+bool NamedOverrideArrayCount::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* v = other.As<NamedOverrideArrayCount>()) {
         return variable == v->variable;
     }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ size_t UnnamedOverrideArrayCount::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<UnnamedOverrideArrayCount>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool UnnamedOverrideArrayCount::Equals(const ArrayCount& other) const {
+bool UnnamedOverrideArrayCount::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* v = other.As<UnnamedOverrideArrayCount>()) {
         return expr == v->expr;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/sem/array_count.h b/src/tint/sem/array_count.h
index d948106493..b30ab38aad 100644
--- a/src/tint/sem/array_count.h
+++ b/src/tint/sem/array_count.h
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ class NamedOverrideArrayCount final : public Castable<NamedOverrideArrayCount, t
     /// @returns a hash of the array count.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param t other array count
-    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to the given array count
-    bool Equals(const type::ArrayCount& t) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node
+    /// @returns true if this array count is equal @p other
+    bool Equals(const type::UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the symbol table
     /// @returns the friendly name for this array count
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ class UnnamedOverrideArrayCount final
     /// @returns a hash of the array count.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param t other array count
-    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to the given array count
-    bool Equals(const type::ArrayCount& t) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node
+    /// @returns true if this array count is equal @p other
+    bool Equals(const type::UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the symbol table
     /// @returns the friendly name for this array count
diff --git a/src/tint/type/abstract_float.cc b/src/tint/type/abstract_float.cc
index 7f472dc86b..2b01c27c03 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/abstract_float.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/abstract_float.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ size_t AbstractFloat::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<AbstractFloat>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool AbstractFloat::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool AbstractFloat::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<AbstractFloat>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/abstract_float.h b/src/tint/type/abstract_float.h
index 69c12be181..d45ec73450 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/abstract_float.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/abstract_float.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class AbstractFloat final : public Castable<AbstractFloat, AbstractNumeric> {
 
     /// @param other the other type to compare against
     /// @returns true if this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type when printed in diagnostics.
diff --git a/src/tint/type/abstract_int.cc b/src/tint/type/abstract_int.cc
index dffaab03a2..439c291ba2 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/abstract_int.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/abstract_int.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ size_t AbstractInt::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<AbstractInt>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool AbstractInt::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool AbstractInt::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<AbstractInt>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/abstract_int.h b/src/tint/type/abstract_int.h
index 7c7f287128..98d878ffc3 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/abstract_int.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/abstract_int.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class AbstractInt final : public Castable<AbstractInt, AbstractNumeric> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type when printed in diagnostics.
diff --git a/src/tint/type/array.cc b/src/tint/type/array.cc
index ad903fa014..28f41d39f8 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/array.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/array.cc
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ size_t Array::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Array>().full_hashcode, count_, align_, size_, stride_);
 }
 
-bool Array::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Array::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<Array>()) {
         // Note: implicit_stride is not part of the type_name string as this is
         // derived from the element type
diff --git a/src/tint/type/array.h b/src/tint/type/array.h
index 52fb8a81db..e77d2d99fc 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/array.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/array.h
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ class Array final : public Castable<Array, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @return the array element type
     Type const* ElemType() const { return element_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/array_count.cc b/src/tint/type/array_count.cc
index f97e94fd05..9c6d4f6503 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/array_count.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/array_count.cc
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ size_t ConstantArrayCount::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<ConstantArrayCount>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool ConstantArrayCount::Equals(const ArrayCount& other) const {
+bool ConstantArrayCount::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* v = other.As<ConstantArrayCount>()) {
         return value == v->value;
     }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ size_t RuntimeArrayCount::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<RuntimeArrayCount>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool RuntimeArrayCount::Equals(const ArrayCount& other) const {
+bool RuntimeArrayCount::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<RuntimeArrayCount>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/array_count.h b/src/tint/type/array_count.h
index 76c1588307..c3e59cbc1f 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/array_count.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/array_count.h
@@ -19,22 +19,15 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "src/tint/symbol_table.h"
-#include "src/tint/type/node.h"
+#include "src/tint/type/unique_node.h"
 
 namespace tint::type {
 
 /// An array count
-class ArrayCount : public Castable<ArrayCount, Node> {
+class ArrayCount : public Castable<ArrayCount, UniqueNode> {
   public:
     ~ArrayCount() override;
 
-    /// @returns a hash of the array count.
-    virtual size_t Hash() const = 0;
-
-    /// @param t other array count
-    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to the given array count
-    virtual bool Equals(const ArrayCount& t) const = 0;
-
     /// @param symbols the symbol table
     /// @returns the friendly name for this array count
     virtual std::string FriendlyName(const SymbolTable& symbols) const = 0;
@@ -59,9 +52,9 @@ class ConstantArrayCount final : public Castable<ConstantArrayCount, ArrayCount>
     /// @returns a hash of the array count.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param t other array count
-    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to the given array count
-    bool Equals(const ArrayCount& t) const override;
+    /// @param other the other object
+    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the symbol table
     /// @returns the friendly name for this array count
@@ -85,9 +78,9 @@ class RuntimeArrayCount final : public Castable<RuntimeArrayCount, ArrayCount> {
     /// @returns a hash of the array count.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param t other array count
-    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to the given array count
-    bool Equals(const ArrayCount& t) const override;
+    /// @param other the other object
+    /// @returns true if this array count is equal to other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the symbol table
     /// @returns the friendly name for this array count
diff --git a/src/tint/type/atomic.cc b/src/tint/type/atomic.cc
index e8508743b2..5070dd9ae1 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/atomic.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/atomic.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t Atomic::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Atomic>().full_hashcode, subtype_);
 }
 
-bool Atomic::Equals(const type::Type& other) const {
+bool Atomic::Equals(const type::UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<Atomic>()) {
         return o->subtype_ == subtype_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/atomic.h b/src/tint/type/atomic.h
index c05227407f..fefc791177 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/atomic.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/atomic.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class Atomic final : public Castable<Atomic, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const type::Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const type::UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the atomic type
     const type::Type* Type() const { return subtype_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/bool.cc b/src/tint/type/bool.cc
index a76228dc92..8c80c522d4 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/bool.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/bool.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t Bool::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<Bool>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool Bool::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Bool::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<Bool>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/bool.h b/src/tint/type/bool.h
index 19ad8c1bd2..b14ec0a729 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/bool.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/bool.h
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ class Bool final : public Castable<Bool, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.cc b/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.cc
index b6a8704957..271544c720 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.cc
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ size_t DepthMultisampledTexture::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<DepthMultisampledTexture>().full_hashcode, dim());
 }
 
-bool DepthMultisampledTexture::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool DepthMultisampledTexture::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<DepthMultisampledTexture>()) {
         return o->dim() == dim();
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.h b/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.h
index c39a7bf9d4..b54f5061af 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/depth_multisampled_texture.h
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ class DepthMultisampledTexture final : public Castable<DepthMultisampledTexture,
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/depth_texture.cc b/src/tint/type/depth_texture.cc
index 34edde1b9d..ab2f0285b9 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/depth_texture.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/depth_texture.cc
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ size_t DepthTexture::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<DepthTexture>().full_hashcode, dim());
 }
 
-bool DepthTexture::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool DepthTexture::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<DepthTexture>()) {
         return o->dim() == dim();
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/depth_texture.h b/src/tint/type/depth_texture.h
index afa39f4a8f..db687c5d73 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/depth_texture.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/depth_texture.h
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ class DepthTexture final : public Castable<DepthTexture, Texture> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/external_texture.cc b/src/tint/type/external_texture.cc
index ac7e676ba6..298f6b5008 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/external_texture.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/external_texture.cc
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ size_t ExternalTexture::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<ExternalTexture>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool ExternalTexture::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool ExternalTexture::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<ExternalTexture>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/external_texture.h b/src/tint/type/external_texture.h
index 9c443c0943..3afe9f643d 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/external_texture.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/external_texture.h
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ class ExternalTexture final : public Castable<ExternalTexture, Texture> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/f16.cc b/src/tint/type/f16.cc
index 4243cb8942..0cea348b8f 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/f16.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/f16.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t F16::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<F16>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool F16::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool F16::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<F16>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/f16.h b/src/tint/type/f16.h
index c4c3d1fa2b..71071e0df3 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/f16.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/f16.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class F16 final : public Castable<F16, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/f32.cc b/src/tint/type/f32.cc
index ea86008b9f..5c7013996d 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/f32.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/f32.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t F32::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<F32>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool F32::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool F32::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<F32>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/f32.h b/src/tint/type/f32.h
index 57aa560f8e..962beec117 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/f32.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/f32.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class F32 final : public Castable<F32, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/i32.cc b/src/tint/type/i32.cc
index fb3d258b4a..80d7d8ee7b 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/i32.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/i32.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t I32::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<I32>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool I32::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool I32::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<I32>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/i32.h b/src/tint/type/i32.h
index 9073daa13a..6cf9befacd 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/i32.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/i32.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class I32 final : public Castable<I32, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/manager.h b/src/tint/type/manager.h
index 0515b1432a..59a8cf5e1f 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/manager.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/manager.h
@@ -15,15 +15,10 @@
 #ifndef SRC_TINT_TYPE_MANAGER_H_
 #define SRC_TINT_TYPE_MANAGER_H_
 
-#include <functional>
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "src/tint/type/array_count.h"
-#include "src/tint/type/node.h"
-#include "src/tint/type/struct.h"
 #include "src/tint/type/type.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/hash.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/unique_allocator.h"
 
 namespace tint::type {
@@ -60,19 +55,23 @@ class Manager final {
     static Manager Wrap(const Manager& inner) {
         Manager out;
         out.types_.Wrap(inner.types_);
-        out.nodes_.Wrap(inner.nodes_);
+        out.unique_nodes_.Wrap(inner.unique_nodes_);
         return out;
     }
 
-    /// @param args the arguments used to construct the object.
+    /// @param args the arguments used to construct the type, unique node or node.
     /// @return a pointer to an instance of `T` with the provided arguments.
-    ///         If an existing instance of `T` has been constructed, then the same
-    ///         pointer is returned.
-    template <typename TYPE,
-              typename _ = std::enable_if<traits::IsTypeOrDerived<TYPE, Type>>,
-              typename... ARGS>
-    TYPE* Get(ARGS&&... args) {
-        return types_.Get<TYPE>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
+    ///         If NODE derives from UniqueNode and an existing instance of `T` has been
+    ///         constructed, then the same pointer is returned.
+    template <typename NODE, typename... ARGS>
+    NODE* Get(ARGS&&... args) {
+        if constexpr (traits::IsTypeOrDerived<NODE, Type>) {
+            return types_.Get<NODE>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
+        } else if constexpr (traits::IsTypeOrDerived<NODE, UniqueNode>) {
+            return unique_nodes_.Get<NODE>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
+        } else {
+            return nodes_.Create<NODE>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
+        }
     }
 
     /// @param args the arguments used to create the temporary used for the search.
@@ -85,68 +84,20 @@ class Manager final {
         return types_.Find<TYPE>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
     }
 
-    /// @param args the arguments used to construct the object.
-    /// @return a pointer to an instance of `T` with the provided arguments.
-    ///         If an existing instance of `T` has been constructed, then the same
-    ///         pointer is returned.
-    template <typename TYPE,
-              typename _ = std::enable_if<traits::IsTypeOrDerived<TYPE, ArrayCount> ||
-                                          traits::IsTypeOrDerived<TYPE, StructMember>>,
-              typename... ARGS>
-    TYPE* GetNode(ARGS&&... args) {
-        return nodes_.Get<TYPE>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
-    }
-
     /// @returns an iterator to the beginning of the types
     TypeIterator begin() const { return types_.begin(); }
     /// @returns an iterator to the end of the types
     TypeIterator end() const { return types_.end(); }
 
   private:
+    /// Unique types owned by the manager
     utils::UniqueAllocator<Type> types_;
-    utils::UniqueAllocator<Node> nodes_;
+    /// Unique nodes (excluding types) owned by the manager
+    utils::UniqueAllocator<UniqueNode> unique_nodes_;
+    /// Non-unique nodes owned by the manager
+    utils::BlockAllocator<Node> nodes_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tint::type
 
-namespace std {
-
-/// std::hash specialization for tint::type::Node
-template <>
-struct hash<tint::type::Node> {
-    /// @param type the type to obtain a hash from
-    /// @returns the hash of the type
-    size_t operator()(const tint::type::Node& type) const {
-        if (const auto* ac = type.As<tint::type::ArrayCount>()) {
-            return ac->Hash();
-        } else if (type.Is<tint::type::StructMember>()) {
-            return tint::TypeInfo::Of<tint::type::StructMember>().full_hashcode;
-        }
-        TINT_ASSERT(Type, false && "Unreachable");
-        return 0;
-    }
-};
-
-/// std::equal_to specialization for tint::type::Node
-template <>
-struct equal_to<tint::type::Node> {
-    /// @param a the first type to compare
-    /// @param b the second type to compare
-    /// @returns true if the two types are equal
-    bool operator()(const tint::type::Node& a, const tint::type::Node& b) const {
-        if (const auto* ac = a.As<tint::type::ArrayCount>()) {
-            if (const auto* bc = b.As<tint::type::ArrayCount>()) {
-                return ac->Equals(*bc);
-            }
-            return false;
-        } else if (a.Is<tint::type::StructMember>()) {
-            return &a == &b;
-        }
-        TINT_ASSERT(Type, false && "Unreachable");
-        return false;
-    }
-};
-
-}  // namespace std
-
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_TYPE_MANAGER_H_
diff --git a/src/tint/type/matrix.cc b/src/tint/type/matrix.cc
index 063ac88a61..db5380a624 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/matrix.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/matrix.cc
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ size_t Matrix::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Vector>().full_hashcode, rows_, columns_, column_type_);
 }
 
-bool Matrix::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Matrix::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* v = other.As<Matrix>()) {
         return v->rows_ == rows_ && v->columns_ == columns_ && v->column_type_ == column_type_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/matrix.h b/src/tint/type/matrix.h
index 3191f95677..c4df065aa4 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/matrix.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/matrix.h
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ class Matrix final : public Castable<Matrix, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the type of the matrix
     const Type* type() const { return subtype_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.cc b/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.cc
index e1d2ed795a..ab1356a381 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.cc
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ size_t MultisampledTexture::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<MultisampledTexture>().full_hashcode, dim(), type_);
 }
 
-bool MultisampledTexture::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool MultisampledTexture::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<MultisampledTexture>()) {
         return o->dim() == dim() && o->type_ == type_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.h b/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.h
index 421b2946ab..410ecf42b3 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/multisampled_texture.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class MultisampledTexture final : public Castable<MultisampledTexture, Texture>
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the subtype of the sampled texture
     const Type* type() const { return type_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/pointer.cc b/src/tint/type/pointer.cc
index c59170cf55..00c3d225f7 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/pointer.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/pointer.cc
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ size_t Pointer::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Pointer>().full_hashcode, address_space_, subtype_, access_);
 }
 
-bool Pointer::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Pointer::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<Pointer>()) {
         return o->address_space_ == address_space_ && o->subtype_ == subtype_ &&
                o->access_ == access_;
diff --git a/src/tint/type/pointer.h b/src/tint/type/pointer.h
index a7703e458e..c7a7ef8034 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/pointer.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/pointer.h
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ class Pointer final : public Castable<Pointer, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the pointee type
     const Type* StoreType() const { return subtype_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/reference.cc b/src/tint/type/reference.cc
index 0541f84fc2..a825bb7914 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/reference.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/reference.cc
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ size_t Reference::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Reference>().full_hashcode, address_space_, subtype_, access_);
 }
 
-bool Reference::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Reference::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<Reference>()) {
         return o->address_space_ == address_space_ && o->subtype_ == subtype_ &&
                o->access_ == access_;
diff --git a/src/tint/type/reference.h b/src/tint/type/reference.h
index ebf307cc43..848c95d441 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/reference.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/reference.h
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ class Reference final : public Castable<Reference, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the pointee type
     const Type* StoreType() const { return subtype_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.cc b/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.cc
index 2a708e544e..b723d3afd6 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.cc
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ size_t SampledTexture::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<SampledTexture>().full_hashcode, dim(), type_);
 }
 
-bool SampledTexture::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool SampledTexture::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<SampledTexture>()) {
         return o->dim() == dim() && o->type_ == type_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.h b/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.h
index 2e82f28f21..d4f5fcce9a 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/sampled_texture.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class SampledTexture final : public Castable<SampledTexture, Texture> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the subtype of the sampled texture
     Type* type() const { return const_cast<Type*>(type_); }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/sampler.cc b/src/tint/type/sampler.cc
index c49a8efae8..5a3c94549c 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/sampler.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/sampler.cc
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ size_t Sampler::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Sampler>().full_hashcode, kind_);
 }
 
-bool Sampler::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Sampler::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<Sampler>()) {
         return o->kind_ == kind_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/sampler.h b/src/tint/type/sampler.h
index c8ff9d6b34..949d359702 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/sampler.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/sampler.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class Sampler final : public Castable<Sampler, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the sampler type
     ast::SamplerKind kind() const { return kind_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/storage_texture.cc b/src/tint/type/storage_texture.cc
index 2bd2c28c90..b899deb3d2 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/storage_texture.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/storage_texture.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t StorageTexture::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<StorageTexture>().full_hashcode, dim(), texel_format_, access_);
 }
 
-bool StorageTexture::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool StorageTexture::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<StorageTexture>()) {
         return o->dim() == dim() && o->texel_format_ == texel_format_ && o->access_ == access_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/storage_texture.h b/src/tint/type/storage_texture.h
index 0e597754c5..2ff2d3b54c 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/storage_texture.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/storage_texture.h
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ class StorageTexture final : public Castable<StorageTexture, Texture> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the storage subtype
     Type* type() const { return subtype_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/struct.cc b/src/tint/type/struct.cc
index 778a600c51..d179eb9efc 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/struct.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/struct.cc
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ size_t Struct::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Struct>().full_hashcode, name_);
 }
 
-bool Struct::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Struct::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* o = other.As<Struct>()) {
         return o->name_ == name_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/struct.h b/src/tint/type/struct.h
index 89467141d5..aff433efda 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/struct.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/struct.h
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ class Struct : public Castable<Struct, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the source of the structure
     tint::Source Source() const { return source_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/type.h b/src/tint/type/type.h
index 00e1752c4a..74cd61fac5 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/type.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/type.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "src/tint/type/node.h"
+#include "src/tint/type/unique_node.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/enum_set.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/vector.h"
 
@@ -46,18 +46,12 @@ enum Flag {
 using Flags = utils::EnumSet<Flag>;
 
 /// Base class for a type in the system
-class Type : public Castable<Type, Node> {
+class Type : public Castable<Type, UniqueNode> {
   public:
     /// Move constructor
     Type(Type&&);
     ~Type() override;
 
-    /// @returns a hash of the type.
-    virtual size_t Hash() const = 0;
-
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    virtual bool Equals(const Type&) const = 0;
-
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
     /// declared in WGSL.
diff --git a/src/tint/type/u32.cc b/src/tint/type/u32.cc
index fd38cb900f..e9ae75de2d 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/u32.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/u32.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ size_t U32::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<U32>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool U32::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool U32::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<U32>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/u32.h b/src/tint/type/u32.h
index 6e2c4cc65e..59b288b355 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/u32.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/u32.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class U32 final : public Castable<U32, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be
diff --git a/src/tint/type/unique_node.cc b/src/tint/type/unique_node.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d52a6afe6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/type/unique_node.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/tint/type/unique_node.h"
+
+TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::type::UniqueNode);
+
+namespace tint::type {
+
+UniqueNode::UniqueNode() = default;
+
+UniqueNode::UniqueNode(const UniqueNode&) = default;
+
+UniqueNode::~UniqueNode() = default;
+
+}  // namespace tint::type
diff --git a/src/tint/type/unique_node.h b/src/tint/type/unique_node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84b22ce4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/type/unique_node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SRC_TINT_TYPE_UNIQUE_NODE_H_
+#define SRC_TINT_TYPE_UNIQUE_NODE_H_
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "src/tint/type/node.h"
+
+namespace tint::type {
+
+/// UniqueNode is the base class for objects that are de-duplicated by the Manager.
+/// Deduplication is achieved by comparing a temporary object to the set of existing objects, using
+/// Hash() and Equals(). If an existing object is found, then the pointer to that object is
+/// returned, otherwise a new object is constructed, added to the Manager's set and returned.
+class UniqueNode : public Castable<UniqueNode, Node> {
+  public:
+    /// Constructor
+    UniqueNode();
+
+    /// Copy constructor
+    UniqueNode(const UniqueNode&);
+
+    /// Destructor
+    ~UniqueNode() override;
+
+    /// @returns a hash of the node.
+    virtual size_t Hash() const = 0;
+
+    /// @param other the other node to compare this node against
+    /// @returns true if the this node is equal to @p other
+    virtual bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace tint::type
+
+namespace std {
+
+/// std::hash specialization for tint::type::UniqueNode
+template <>
+struct hash<tint::type::UniqueNode> {
+    /// @param node the unique node to obtain a hash from
+    /// @returns the hash of the node
+    size_t operator()(const tint::type::UniqueNode& node) const { return node.Hash(); }
+};
+
+/// std::equal_to specialization for tint::type::UniqueNode
+template <>
+struct equal_to<tint::type::UniqueNode> {
+    /// @param a the first unique node to compare
+    /// @param b the second unique node to compare
+    /// @returns true if the two nodes are equal
+    bool operator()(const tint::type::UniqueNode& a, const tint::type::UniqueNode& b) const {
+        return &a == &b || a.Equals(b);
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace std
+
+#endif  // SRC_TINT_TYPE_UNIQUE_NODE_H_
diff --git a/src/tint/type/vector.cc b/src/tint/type/vector.cc
index 70b33bc428..5e7a5c0fdc 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/vector.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/vector.cc
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ size_t Vector::Hash() const {
     return utils::Hash(TypeInfo::Of<Vector>().full_hashcode, width_, subtype_);
 }
 
-bool Vector::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Vector::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     if (auto* v = other.As<Vector>()) {
         return v->width_ == width_ && v->subtype_ == subtype_;
     }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/vector.h b/src/tint/type/vector.h
index fb5834dcdb..6d171d7634 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/vector.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/vector.h
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ class Vector final : public Castable<Vector, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @returns the type of the vector elements
     const Type* type() const { return subtype_; }
diff --git a/src/tint/type/void.cc b/src/tint/type/void.cc
index b993dfe40e..4f21f5cac5 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/void.cc
+++ b/src/tint/type/void.cc
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ size_t Void::Hash() const {
     return static_cast<size_t>(TypeInfo::Of<Void>().full_hashcode);
 }
 
-bool Void::Equals(const Type& other) const {
+bool Void::Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const {
     return other.Is<Void>();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tint/type/void.h b/src/tint/type/void.h
index 2106aea12e..4fc0b98c3c 100644
--- a/src/tint/type/void.h
+++ b/src/tint/type/void.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class Void final : public Castable<Void, Type> {
     /// @returns a hash of the type.
     size_t Hash() const override;
 
-    /// @param other the other type to compare against
-    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to the given type
-    bool Equals(const Type& other) const override;
+    /// @param other the other node to compare against
+    /// @returns true if the this type is equal to @p other
+    bool Equals(const UniqueNode& other) const override;
 
     /// @param symbols the program's symbol table
     /// @returns the name for this type that closely resembles how it would be