diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/function.cc b/src/reader/spirv/function.cc
index dd3974df84..523c370ddf 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/function.cc
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/function.cc
@@ -685,13 +685,6 @@ struct LoopStatementBuilder
   ast::BlockStatement* continuing = nullptr;
 };
 
-// Forwards UnwrapAll to both the ast and sem types of the TypePair
-// @param tp the type pair
-// @returns the unwrapped type pair
-typ::Type UnwrapAll(typ::Type tp) {
-  return typ::Type{tp.ast->UnwrapAll(), tp.sem->UnwrapAll()};
-}
-
 }  // namespace
 
 BlockInfo::BlockInfo(const spvtools::opt::BasicBlock& bb)
@@ -907,7 +900,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::ParseFunctionDeclaration(FunctionDeclaration* decl) {
   // Surprisingly, the "type id" on an OpFunction is the result type of the
   // function, not the type of the function.  This is the one exceptional case
   // in SPIR-V where the type ID is not the type of the result ID.
-  auto ret_ty = parser_impl_.ConvertType(function_.type_id());
+  auto* ret_ty = parser_impl_.ConvertType(function_.type_id());
   if (failed()) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -920,7 +913,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::ParseFunctionDeclaration(FunctionDeclaration* decl) {
   ast::VariableList ast_params;
   function_.ForEachParam(
       [this, &ast_params](const spvtools::opt::Instruction* param) {
-        auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(param->type_id());
+        auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(param->type_id());
         if (ast_type != nullptr) {
           auto* ast_param = parser_impl_.MakeVariable(
               param->result_id(), ast::StorageClass::kNone, ast_type, true,
@@ -950,7 +943,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::ParseFunctionDeclaration(FunctionDeclaration* decl) {
   return success();
 }
 
-typ::Type FunctionEmitter::GetVariableStoreType(
+ast::Type* FunctionEmitter::GetVariableStoreType(
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& var_decl_inst) {
   const auto type_id = var_decl_inst.type_id();
   auto* var_ref_type = type_mgr_->GetType(type_id);
@@ -2013,7 +2006,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitFunctionVariables() {
     if (inst.opcode() != SpvOpVariable) {
       continue;
     }
-    auto var_store_type = GetVariableStoreType(inst);
+    auto* var_store_type = GetVariableStoreType(inst);
     if (failed()) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -2049,7 +2042,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeExpression(uint32_t id) {
              << id;
       return {};
     case SkipReason::kPointSizeBuiltinValue: {
-      return {create<sem::F32>(),
+      return {create<ast::F32>(),
               create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
                   Source{}, create<ast::FloatLiteral>(Source{}, 1.0f))};
     }
@@ -2660,7 +2653,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitNormalTerminator(const BlockInfo& block_info) {
         if (result_type->AsVoid() != nullptr) {
           AddStatement(create<ast::ReturnStatement>(Source{}));
         } else {
-          auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(function_.type_id());
+          auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(function_.type_id());
           AddStatement(create<ast::ReturnStatement>(
               Source{}, parser_impl_.MakeNullValue(ast_type)));
         }
@@ -2905,7 +2898,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitStatementsInBasicBlock(const BlockInfo& block_info,
   for (auto id : sorted_by_index(block_info.hoisted_ids)) {
     const auto* def_inst = def_use_mgr_->GetDef(id);
     TINT_ASSERT(def_inst);
-    auto ast_type =
+    auto* ast_type =
         RemapStorageClass(parser_impl_.ConvertType(def_inst->type_id()), id);
     AddStatement(create<ast::VariableDeclStatement>(
         Source{},
@@ -3109,7 +3102,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitStatement(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
 
         case SkipReason::kSampleMaskOutBuiltinPointer:
           ptr_id = sample_mask_out_id;
-          if (rhs.type != builder_.ty.u32()) {
+          if (!rhs.type->Is<ast::U32>()) {
             // WGSL requires sample_mask_out to be signed.
             rhs = TypedExpression{builder_.ty.u32(),
                                   create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(
@@ -3164,12 +3157,12 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitStatement(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
           auto name = namer_.Name(sample_mask_in_id);
           ast::Expression* id_expr = create<ast::IdentifierExpression>(
               Source{}, builder_.Symbols().Register(name));
-          auto load_result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+          auto* load_result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
           ast::Expression* ast_expr = nullptr;
-          if (load_result_type == builder_.ty.i32()) {
+          if (load_result_type->Is<ast::I32>()) {
             ast_expr = create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(
                 Source{}, builder_.ty.i32(), ast::ExpressionList{id_expr});
-          } else if (load_result_type == builder_.ty.u32()) {
+          } else if (load_result_type->Is<ast::U32>()) {
             ast_expr = id_expr;
           } else {
             return Fail() << "loading the whole SampleMask input array is not "
@@ -3188,8 +3181,8 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitStatement(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
       }
 
       // The load result type is the pointee type of its operand.
-      TINT_ASSERT(expr.type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-      expr.type = typ::Call_type(typ::As<typ::Pointer>(expr.type));
+      TINT_ASSERT(expr.type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+      expr.type = expr.type->As<ast::Pointer>()->type();
       return EmitConstDefOrWriteToHoistedVar(inst, expr);
     }
 
@@ -3204,7 +3197,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitStatement(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
         return true;
       }
       auto expr = MakeExpression(value_id);
-      if (!expr.type.ast || !expr.expr) {
+      if (!expr.type || !expr.expr) {
         return false;
       }
       expr.type = RemapStorageClass(expr.type, result_id);
@@ -3291,7 +3284,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MaybeEmitCombinatorialValue(
 
   const auto opcode = inst.opcode();
 
-  typ::Type ast_type =
+  ast::Type* ast_type =
       inst.type_id() != 0 ? parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id()) : nullptr;
 
   auto binary_op = ConvertBinaryOp(opcode);
@@ -3464,7 +3457,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::EmitGlslStd450ExtInst(
   auto* func = create<ast::IdentifierExpression>(
       Source{}, builder_.Symbols().Register(name));
   ast::ExpressionList operands;
-  typ::Type first_operand_type = nullptr;
+  ast::Type* first_operand_type = nullptr;
   // All parameters to GLSL.std.450 extended instructions are IDs.
   for (uint32_t iarg = 2; iarg < inst.NumInOperands(); ++iarg) {
     TypedExpression operand = MakeOperand(inst, iarg);
@@ -3473,7 +3466,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::EmitGlslStd450ExtInst(
     }
     operands.emplace_back(operand.expr);
   }
-  auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+  auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
   auto* call = create<ast::CallExpression>(Source{}, func, std::move(operands));
   TypedExpression call_expr{ast_type, call};
   return parser_impl_.RectifyForcedResultType(call_expr, inst,
@@ -3708,9 +3701,9 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeAccessChain(
     }
     const auto pointer_type_id =
         type_mgr_->FindPointerToType(pointee_type_id, storage_class);
-    auto ast_pointer_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(pointer_type_id);
-    TINT_ASSERT(ast_pointer_type.ast);
-    TINT_ASSERT(ast_pointer_type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+    auto* ast_pointer_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(pointer_type_id);
+    TINT_ASSERT(ast_pointer_type);
+    TINT_ASSERT(ast_pointer_type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
     current_expr = TypedExpression{ast_pointer_type, next_expr};
   }
   return current_expr;
@@ -3894,8 +3887,8 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeVectorShuffle(
   // Generate an ast::TypeConstructor expression.
   // Assume the literal indices are valid, and there is a valid number of them.
   auto source = GetSourceForInst(inst);
-  typ::Vector result_type =
-      typ::As<typ::Vector>(parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id()));
+  ast::Vector* result_type =
+      parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id())->As<ast::Vector>();
   ast::ExpressionList values;
   for (uint32_t i = 2; i < inst.NumInOperands(); ++i) {
     const auto index = inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(i);
@@ -3917,8 +3910,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeVectorShuffle(
           source, expr.expr, Swizzle(sub_index)));
     } else if (index == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
       // By rule, this maps to OpUndef.  Instead, make it zero.
-      values.emplace_back(
-          parser_impl_.MakeNullValue(typ::Call_type(result_type)));
+      values.emplace_back(parser_impl_.MakeNullValue(result_type->type()));
     } else {
       Fail() << "invalid vectorshuffle ID %" << inst.result_id()
              << ": index too large: " << index;
@@ -3995,8 +3987,8 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::RegisterLocallyDefinedValues() {
       const auto* type = type_mgr_->GetType(inst.type_id());
       if (type) {
         if (type->AsPointer()) {
-          if (auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id())) {
-            if (auto* ptr = ast_type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>()) {
+          if (auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id())) {
+            if (auto* ptr = ast_type->As<ast::Pointer>()) {
               info->storage_class = ptr->storage_class();
             }
           }
@@ -4040,22 +4032,22 @@ ast::StorageClass FunctionEmitter::GetStorageClassForPointerValue(uint32_t id) {
   }
   const auto type_id = def_use_mgr_->GetDef(id)->type_id();
   if (type_id) {
-    auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(type_id);
-    if (auto ptr = typ::As<typ::Pointer>(ast_type)) {
-      return ptr.ast->storage_class();
+    auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(type_id);
+    if (auto* ptr = ast_type->As<ast::Pointer>()) {
+      return ptr->storage_class();
     }
   }
   return ast::StorageClass::kNone;
 }
 
-typ::Type FunctionEmitter::RemapStorageClass(typ::Type type,
-                                             uint32_t result_id) {
-  if (auto ast_ptr_type = typ::As<typ::Pointer>(type)) {
+ast::Type* FunctionEmitter::RemapStorageClass(ast::Type* type,
+                                              uint32_t result_id) {
+  if (auto* ast_ptr_type = type->As<ast::Pointer>()) {
     // Remap an old-style storage buffer pointer to a new-style storage
     // buffer pointer.
     const auto sc = GetStorageClassForPointerValue(result_id);
-    if (ast_ptr_type.ast->storage_class() != sc) {
-      return builder_.ty.pointer(typ::Call_type(ast_ptr_type), sc);
+    if (ast_ptr_type->storage_class() != sc) {
+      return builder_.ty.pointer(ast_ptr_type->type(), sc);
     }
   }
   return type;
@@ -4232,13 +4224,13 @@ const Construct* FunctionEmitter::GetEnclosingScope(uint32_t first_pos,
 TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeNumericConversion(
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
   const auto opcode = inst.opcode();
-  auto requested_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+  auto* requested_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
   auto arg_expr = MakeOperand(inst, 0);
   if (!arg_expr.expr || !arg_expr.type) {
     return {};
   }
 
-  typ::Type expr_type = nullptr;
+  ast::Type* expr_type = nullptr;
   if ((opcode == SpvOpConvertSToF) || (opcode == SpvOpConvertUToF)) {
     if (arg_expr.type->is_integer_scalar_or_vector()) {
       expr_type = requested_type;
@@ -4276,7 +4268,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeNumericConversion(
                      Source{}, builder_.ty.MaybeCreateTypename(expr_type),
                      std::move(params))};
 
-  if (requested_type == expr_type) {
+  if (AstTypesEquivalent(requested_type, expr_type)) {
     return result;
   }
   return {requested_type, create<ast::BitcastExpression>(
@@ -4298,13 +4290,13 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitFunctionCall(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
   }
   auto* call_expr =
       create<ast::CallExpression>(Source{}, function, std::move(params));
-  auto result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
-  if (!result_type.ast) {
+  auto* result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+  if (!result_type) {
     return Fail() << "internal error: no mapped type result of call: "
                   << inst.PrettyPrint();
   }
 
-  if (result_type.ast->Is<ast::Void>()) {
+  if (result_type->Is<ast::Void>()) {
     return nullptr !=
            AddStatement(create<ast::CallStatement>(Source{}, call_expr));
   }
@@ -4367,7 +4359,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeIntrinsicCall(
       Source{}, builder_.Symbols().Register(name));
 
   ast::ExpressionList params;
-  typ::Type first_operand_type = nullptr;
+  ast::Type* first_operand_type = nullptr;
   for (uint32_t iarg = 0; iarg < inst.NumInOperands(); ++iarg) {
     TypedExpression operand = MakeOperand(inst, iarg);
     if (first_operand_type == nullptr) {
@@ -4377,8 +4369,8 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeIntrinsicCall(
   }
   auto* call_expr =
       create<ast::CallExpression>(Source{}, ident, std::move(params));
-  auto result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
-  if (!result_type.ast) {
+  auto* result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+  if (!result_type) {
     Fail() << "internal error: no mapped type result of call: "
            << inst.PrettyPrint();
     return {};
@@ -4398,7 +4390,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeSimpleSelect(
   // - operand1, operand2, and result type to match.
   // - you can't select over pointers or pointer vectors, unless you also have
   //   a VariablePointers* capability, which is not allowed in by WebGPU.
-  auto* op_ty = operand1.type.ast;
+  auto* op_ty = operand1.type;
   if (op_ty->Is<ast::Vector>() || op_ty->is_float_scalar() ||
       op_ty->is_integer_scalar() || op_ty->Is<ast::Bool>()) {
     ast::ExpressionList params;
@@ -4438,9 +4430,9 @@ const spvtools::opt::Instruction* FunctionEmitter::GetImage(
   return image;
 }
 
-typ::Texture FunctionEmitter::GetImageType(
+ast::Texture* FunctionEmitter::GetImageType(
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& image) {
-  typ::Pointer ptr_type = parser_impl_.GetTypeForHandleVar(image);
+  ast::Pointer* ptr_type = parser_impl_.GetTypeForHandleVar(image);
   if (!parser_impl_.success()) {
     Fail();
     return {};
@@ -4449,7 +4441,7 @@ typ::Texture FunctionEmitter::GetImageType(
     Fail() << "invalid texture type for " << image.PrettyPrint();
     return {};
   }
-  auto result = typ::As<typ::Texture>(UnwrapAll(typ::Call_type(ptr_type)));
+  auto* result = ptr_type->type()->UnwrapAll()->As<ast::Texture>();
   if (!result) {
     Fail() << "invalid texture type for " << image.PrettyPrint();
     return {};
@@ -4504,14 +4496,14 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageAccess(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
     }
   }
 
-  typ::Pointer texture_ptr_type = parser_impl_.GetTypeForHandleVar(*image);
-  if (!texture_ptr_type.ast) {
+  ast::Pointer* texture_ptr_type = parser_impl_.GetTypeForHandleVar(*image);
+  if (!texture_ptr_type) {
     return Fail();
   }
-  typ::Texture texture_type =
-      typ::As<typ::Texture>(UnwrapAll(typ::Call_type(texture_ptr_type)));
+  ast::Texture* texture_type =
+      texture_ptr_type->type()->UnwrapAll()->As<ast::Texture>();
 
-  if (!texture_type.ast) {
+  if (!texture_type) {
     return Fail();
   }
 
@@ -4612,7 +4604,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageAccess(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
     }
     TypedExpression lod = MakeOperand(inst, arg_index);
     // When sampling from a depth texture, the Lod operand must be an I32.
-    if (texture_type.ast->Is<ast::DepthTexture>()) {
+    if (texture_type->Is<ast::DepthTexture>()) {
       // Convert it to a signed integer type.
       lod = ToI32(lod);
     }
@@ -4620,8 +4612,8 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageAccess(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
     image_operands_mask ^= SpvImageOperandsLodMask;
     arg_index++;
   } else if ((opcode == SpvOpImageFetch) &&
-             (texture_type.ast->Is<ast::SampledTexture>() ||
-              texture_type.ast->Is<ast::DepthTexture>())) {
+             (texture_type->Is<ast::SampledTexture>() ||
+              texture_type->Is<ast::DepthTexture>())) {
     // textureLoad on sampled texture and depth texture requires an explicit
     // level-of-detail parameter.
     params.push_back(parser_impl_.MakeNullValue(builder_.ty.i32()));
@@ -4682,10 +4674,10 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageAccess(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
     ast::Expression* value = call_expr;
 
     // The result type, derived from the SPIR-V instruction.
-    auto result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
-    auto result_component_type = result_type;
-    if (auto result_vector_type = typ::As<typ::Vector>(result_type)) {
-      result_component_type = typ::Call_type(result_vector_type);
+    auto* result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+    auto* result_component_type = result_type;
+    if (auto* result_vector_type = result_type->As<ast::Vector>()) {
+      result_component_type = result_vector_type->type();
     }
 
     // For depth textures, the arity might mot match WGSL:
@@ -4699,7 +4691,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageAccess(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
     //   dref gather         vec4  ImageFetch           vec4 TODO(dneto)
     // Construct a 4-element vector with the result from the builtin in the
     // first component.
-    if (texture_type.ast->Is<ast::DepthTexture>()) {
+    if (texture_type->Is<ast::DepthTexture>()) {
       if (is_non_dref_sample || (opcode == SpvOpImageFetch)) {
         value = create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(
             Source{},
@@ -4720,14 +4712,14 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageAccess(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
       return Fail() << "invalid image type for image memory object declaration "
                     << image->PrettyPrint();
     }
-    auto expected_component_type =
+    auto* expected_component_type =
         parser_impl_.ConvertType(spirv_image_type->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
-    if (expected_component_type != result_component_type) {
+    if (!AstTypesEquivalent(expected_component_type, result_component_type)) {
       // This occurs if one is signed integer and the other is unsigned integer,
       // or vice versa. Perform a bitcast.
       value = create<ast::BitcastExpression>(Source{}, result_type, call_expr);
     }
-    if (!expected_component_type.ast->Is<ast::F32>() &&
+    if (!expected_component_type->Is<ast::F32>() &&
         IsSampledImageAccess(opcode)) {
       // WGSL permits sampled image access only on float textures.
       // Reject this case in the SPIR-V reader, at least until SPIR-V validation
@@ -4750,7 +4742,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageQuery(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
   if (!image) {
     return false;
   }
-  auto texture_type = GetImageType(*image);
+  auto* texture_type = GetImageType(*image);
   if (!texture_type) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -4778,7 +4770,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageQuery(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
             Source{}, layers_ident,
             ast::ExpressionList{GetImageExpression(inst)}));
       }
-      auto result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+      auto* result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
       TypedExpression expr = {
           result_type,
           create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(
@@ -4799,10 +4791,10 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::EmitImageQuery(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) {
       ast::Expression* ast_expr = create<ast::CallExpression>(
           Source{}, levels_ident,
           ast::ExpressionList{GetImageExpression(inst)});
-      auto result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+      auto* result_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
       // The SPIR-V result type must be integer scalar. The WGSL bulitin
       // returns i32. If they aren't the same then convert the result.
-      if (result_type != builder_.ty.i32()) {
+      if (!result_type->Is<ast::I32>()) {
         ast_expr = create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(
             Source{}, builder_.ty.MaybeCreateTypename(result_type),
             ast::ExpressionList{ast_expr});
@@ -4848,7 +4840,7 @@ ast::ExpressionList FunctionEmitter::MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(
   if (!raw_coords.type) {
     return {};
   }
-  typ::Texture texture_type = GetImageType(*image);
+  ast::Texture* texture_type = GetImageType(*image);
   if (!texture_type) {
     return {};
   }
@@ -4863,12 +4855,12 @@ ast::ExpressionList FunctionEmitter::MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(
   }
   const auto num_coords_required = num_axes + (is_arrayed ? 1 : 0);
   uint32_t num_coords_supplied = 0;
-  auto component_type = raw_coords.type;
+  auto* component_type = raw_coords.type;
   if (component_type->is_float_scalar() ||
       component_type->is_integer_scalar()) {
     num_coords_supplied = 1;
-  } else if (auto vec_type = typ::As<typ::Vector>(raw_coords.type)) {
-    component_type = typ::Call_type(vec_type);
+  } else if (auto* vec_type = raw_coords.type->As<ast::Vector>()) {
+    component_type = vec_type->type();
     num_coords_supplied = vec_type->size();
   }
   if (num_coords_supplied == 0) {
@@ -4892,9 +4884,10 @@ ast::ExpressionList FunctionEmitter::MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(
   // will actually use them.
   auto prefix_swizzle_expr = [this, num_axes, component_type,
                               raw_coords]() -> ast::Expression* {
-    auto swizzle_type =
-        (num_axes == 1) ? component_type
-                        : typ::Type{builder_.ty.vec(component_type, num_axes)};
+    auto* swizzle_type = (num_axes == 1)
+                             ? component_type
+                             : static_cast<ast::Type*>(
+                                   builder_.ty.vec(component_type, num_axes));
     auto* swizzle = create<ast::MemberAccessorExpression>(
         Source{}, raw_coords.expr, PrefixSwizzle(num_axes));
     return ToSignedIfUnsigned({swizzle_type, swizzle}).expr;
@@ -4928,32 +4921,32 @@ ast::ExpressionList FunctionEmitter::MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(
 ast::Expression* FunctionEmitter::ConvertTexelForStorage(
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
     TypedExpression texel,
-    typ::Texture texture_type) {
-  auto storage_texture_type = typ::As<typ::StorageTexture>(texture_type);
-  auto src_type = texel.type;
-  if (!storage_texture_type.ast) {
+    ast::Texture* texture_type) {
+  auto* storage_texture_type = texture_type->As<ast::StorageTexture>();
+  auto* src_type = texel.type;
+  if (!storage_texture_type) {
     Fail() << "writing to other than storage texture: " << inst.PrettyPrint();
     return nullptr;
   }
-  const auto format = storage_texture_type.ast->image_format();
-  auto dest_type = parser_impl_.GetTexelTypeForFormat(format);
-  if (!dest_type.ast) {
+  const auto format = storage_texture_type->image_format();
+  auto* dest_type = parser_impl_.GetTexelTypeForFormat(format);
+  if (!dest_type) {
     Fail();
     return nullptr;
   }
-  if (src_type == dest_type) {
+  if (AstTypesEquivalent(src_type, dest_type)) {
     return texel.expr;
   }
 
   const uint32_t dest_count =
-      dest_type.ast->is_scalar() ? 1 : dest_type.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size();
+      dest_type->is_scalar() ? 1 : dest_type->As<ast::Vector>()->size();
   if (dest_count == 3) {
     Fail() << "3-channel storage textures are not supported: "
            << inst.PrettyPrint();
     return nullptr;
   }
   const uint32_t src_count =
-      src_type.ast->is_scalar() ? 1 : src_type.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size();
+      src_type->is_scalar() ? 1 : src_type->As<ast::Vector>()->size();
   if (src_count < dest_count) {
     Fail() << "texel has too few components for storage texture: " << src_count
            << " provided but " << dest_count
@@ -4968,29 +4961,29 @@ ast::Expression* FunctionEmitter::ConvertTexelForStorage(
           : create<ast::MemberAccessorExpression>(Source{}, texel.expr,
                                                   PrefixSwizzle(dest_count));
 
-  if (!(dest_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector() ||
-        dest_type.ast->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector() ||
-        dest_type.ast->is_signed_scalar_or_vector())) {
+  if (!(dest_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector() ||
+        dest_type->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector() ||
+        dest_type->is_signed_scalar_or_vector())) {
     Fail() << "invalid destination type for storage texture write: "
-           << dest_type.ast->type_name();
+           << dest_type->type_name();
     return nullptr;
   }
-  if (!(src_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector() ||
-        src_type.ast->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector() ||
-        src_type.ast->is_signed_scalar_or_vector())) {
+  if (!(src_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector() ||
+        src_type->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector() ||
+        src_type->is_signed_scalar_or_vector())) {
     Fail() << "invalid texel type for storage texture write: "
            << inst.PrettyPrint();
     return nullptr;
   }
-  if (dest_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector() &&
-      !src_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector()) {
+  if (dest_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector() &&
+      !src_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector()) {
     Fail() << "can only write float or float vector to a storage image with "
               "floating texel format: "
            << inst.PrettyPrint();
     return nullptr;
   }
-  if (!dest_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector() &&
-      src_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector()) {
+  if (!dest_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector() &&
+      src_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector()) {
     Fail()
         << "float or float vector can only be written to a storage image with "
            "floating texel format: "
@@ -4998,13 +4991,13 @@ ast::Expression* FunctionEmitter::ConvertTexelForStorage(
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  if (dest_type.ast->is_float_scalar_or_vector()) {
+  if (dest_type->is_float_scalar_or_vector()) {
     return texel_prefix;
   }
   // The only remaining cases are signed/unsigned source, and signed/unsigned
   // destination.
-  if (dest_type.ast->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector() ==
-      src_type.ast->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector()) {
+  if (dest_type->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector() ==
+      src_type->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector()) {
     return texel_prefix;
   }
   // We must do a bitcast conversion.
@@ -5012,7 +5005,7 @@ ast::Expression* FunctionEmitter::ConvertTexelForStorage(
 }
 
 TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::ToI32(TypedExpression value) {
-  if (!value.type || value.type == builder_.ty.i32()) {
+  if (!value.type || value.type->Is<ast::I32>()) {
     return value;
   }
   return {builder_.ty.i32(),
@@ -5024,7 +5017,7 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::ToSignedIfUnsigned(TypedExpression value) {
   if (!value.type || !value.type->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector()) {
     return value;
   }
-  if (auto* vec_type = value.type.ast->As<ast::Vector>()) {
+  if (auto* vec_type = value.type->As<ast::Vector>()) {
     auto new_type = builder_.ty.vec(builder_.ty.i32(), vec_type->size());
     return {new_type,
             builder_.Construct(new_type, ast::ExpressionList{value.expr})};
@@ -5080,12 +5073,12 @@ TypedExpression FunctionEmitter::MakeOuterProduct(
   // Synthesize the result.
   auto col = MakeOperand(inst, 0);
   auto row = MakeOperand(inst, 1);
-  auto col_ty = typ::As<typ::Vector>(col.type);
-  auto row_ty = typ::As<typ::Vector>(row.type);
-  auto result_ty =
-      typ::As<typ::Matrix>(parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id()));
-  if (!col_ty || !col_ty || !result_ty || result_ty->type() != col_ty->type() ||
-      result_ty->type() != row_ty->type() ||
+  auto* col_ty = col.type->As<ast::Vector>();
+  auto* row_ty = row.type->As<ast::Vector>();
+  auto* result_ty = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id())->As<ast::Matrix>();
+  if (!col_ty || !col_ty || !result_ty ||
+      !AstTypesEquivalent(result_ty->type(), col_ty->type()) ||
+      !AstTypesEquivalent(result_ty->type(), row_ty->type()) ||
       result_ty->columns() != row_ty->size() ||
       result_ty->rows() != col_ty->size()) {
     Fail() << "invalid outer product instruction: bad types "
@@ -5135,7 +5128,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::MakeVectorInsertDynamic(
   // Then use result everywhere the original SPIR-V id is used.  Using a const
   // like this avoids constantly reloading the value many times.
 
-  auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+  auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
   auto src_vector = MakeOperand(inst, 0);
   auto component = MakeOperand(inst, 1);
   auto index = MakeOperand(inst, 2);
@@ -5183,7 +5176,7 @@ bool FunctionEmitter::MakeCompositeInsert(
   // - building up an access-chain like access like for CompositeExtract, but
   //   on the left-hand side of the assignment.
 
-  auto ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
+  auto* ast_type = parser_impl_.ConvertType(inst.type_id());
   auto component = MakeOperand(inst, 0);
   auto src_composite = MakeOperand(inst, 1);
 
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/function.h b/src/reader/spirv/function.h
index bb3a138201..1f41bd1d69 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/function.h
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/function.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include "src/program_builder.h"
 #include "src/reader/spirv/construct.h"
 #include "src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h"
-#include "src/typepair.h"
 
 namespace tint {
 namespace reader {
@@ -516,7 +515,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
   /// @param type the AST type
   /// @param result_id the SPIR-V ID for the locally defined value
   /// @returns an possibly updated type
-  typ::Type RemapStorageClass(typ::Type type, uint32_t result_id);
+  ast::Type* RemapStorageClass(ast::Type* type, uint32_t result_id);
 
   /// Marks locally defined values when they should get a 'const'
   /// definition in WGSL, or a 'var' definition at an outer scope.
@@ -857,7 +856,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// Function parameters
     ast::VariableList params;
     /// Function return type
-    typ::Type return_type;
+    ast::Type* return_type;
     /// Function decorations
     ast::DecorationList decorations;
   };
@@ -870,7 +869,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
 
   /// @returns the store type for the OpVariable instruction, or
   /// null on failure.
-  typ::Type GetVariableStoreType(
+  ast::Type* GetVariableStoreType(
       const spvtools::opt::Instruction& var_decl_inst);
 
   /// Returns an expression for an instruction operand. Signedness conversion is
@@ -938,7 +937,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
   /// Get the AST texture the SPIR-V image memory object declaration.
   /// @param inst the SPIR-V memory object declaration for the image.
   /// @returns a texture type, or null on error
-  typ::Texture GetImageType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst);
+  ast::Texture* GetImageType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst);
 
   /// Get the expression for the image operand from the first operand to the
   /// given instruction.
@@ -975,7 +974,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
   ast::Expression* ConvertTexelForStorage(
       const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
       TypedExpression texel,
-      typ::Texture texture_type);
+      ast::Texture* texture_type);
 
   /// Returns an expression for an OpSelect, if its operands are scalars
   /// or vectors. These translate directly to WGSL select.  Otherwise, return
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc
index 78eb256b6b..e1f6484c0c 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc
@@ -232,14 +232,6 @@ bool AssumesResultSignednessMatchesFirstOperand(GLSLstd450 extended_opcode) {
   return false;
 }
 
-// Forwards UnwrapIfNeeded to both the ast and sem types of the TypePair
-// @param tp the type pair
-// @returns the unwrapped type pair
-typ::Type UnwrapIfNeeded(typ::Type tp) {
-  return typ::Type{tp.ast ? tp.ast->UnwrapIfNeeded() : nullptr,
-                   tp.sem ? tp.sem->UnwrapIfNeeded() : nullptr};
-}
-
 }  // namespace
 
 TypedExpression::TypedExpression() = default;
@@ -248,7 +240,7 @@ TypedExpression::TypedExpression(const TypedExpression&) = default;
 
 TypedExpression& TypedExpression::operator=(const TypedExpression&) = default;
 
-TypedExpression::TypedExpression(typ::Type type_in, ast::Expression* expr_in)
+TypedExpression::TypedExpression(ast::Type* type_in, ast::Expression* expr_in)
     : type(type_in), expr(expr_in) {}
 
 ParserImpl::ParserImpl(const std::vector<uint32_t>& spv_binary)
@@ -313,7 +305,7 @@ Program ParserImpl::program() {
   return tint::Program(std::move(builder_));
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id) {
   if (!success_) {
     return nullptr;
   }
@@ -330,8 +322,8 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id) {
   }
 
   auto maybe_generate_alias = [this, type_id,
-                               spirv_type](typ::Type type) -> typ::Type {
-    if (type.ast != nullptr) {
+                               spirv_type](ast::Type* type) -> ast::Type* {
+    if (type != nullptr) {
       return MaybeGenerateAlias(type_id, spirv_type, type);
     }
     return {};
@@ -782,17 +774,17 @@ bool ParserImpl::RegisterEntryPoints() {
   return success_;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Integer* int_ty) {
   if (int_ty->width() == 32) {
-    return int_ty->IsSigned() ? typ::Type{builder_.ty.i32()}
-                              : typ::Type{builder_.ty.u32()};
+    return int_ty->IsSigned() ? static_cast<ast::Type*>(builder_.ty.i32())
+                              : static_cast<ast::Type*>(builder_.ty.u32());
   }
   Fail() << "unhandled integer width: " << int_ty->width();
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Float* float_ty) {
   if (float_ty->width() == 32) {
     return builder_.ty.f32();
@@ -801,33 +793,33 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Vector* vec_ty) {
   const auto num_elem = vec_ty->element_count();
-  auto ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(type_mgr_->GetId(vec_ty->element_type()));
-  if (ast_elem_ty.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(type_mgr_->GetId(vec_ty->element_type()));
+  if (ast_elem_ty == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   return builder_.ty.vec(ast_elem_ty, num_elem);
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Matrix* mat_ty) {
   const auto* vec_ty = mat_ty->element_type()->AsVector();
   const auto* scalar_ty = vec_ty->element_type();
   const auto num_rows = vec_ty->element_count();
   const auto num_columns = mat_ty->element_count();
-  auto ast_scalar_ty = ConvertType(type_mgr_->GetId(scalar_ty));
-  if (ast_scalar_ty.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* ast_scalar_ty = ConvertType(type_mgr_->GetId(scalar_ty));
+  if (ast_scalar_ty == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   return builder_.ty.mat(ast_scalar_ty, num_columns, num_rows);
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::RuntimeArray* rtarr_ty) {
-  auto ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(type_mgr_->GetId(rtarr_ty->element_type()));
-  if (ast_elem_ty.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(type_mgr_->GetId(rtarr_ty->element_type()));
+  if (ast_elem_ty == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   ast::DecorationList decorations;
@@ -837,11 +829,11 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
   return builder_.ty.array(ast_elem_ty, 0, std::move(decorations));
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Array* arr_ty) {
   const auto elem_type_id = type_mgr_->GetId(arr_ty->element_type());
-  auto ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(elem_type_id);
-  if (ast_elem_ty.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(elem_type_id);
+  if (ast_elem_ty == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
   }
   const auto& length_info = arr_ty->length_info();
@@ -912,7 +904,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::ParseArrayDecorations(
   return true;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(
     uint32_t type_id,
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Struct* struct_ty) {
   // Compute the struct decoration.
@@ -942,8 +934,8 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
   for (uint32_t member_index = 0; member_index < members.size();
        ++member_index) {
     const auto member_type_id = type_mgr_->GetId(members[member_index]);
-    auto ast_member_ty = ConvertType(member_type_id);
-    if (ast_member_ty.ast == nullptr) {
+    auto* ast_member_ty = ConvertType(member_type_id);
+    if (ast_member_ty == nullptr) {
       // Already emitted diagnostics.
       return nullptr;
     }
@@ -1034,12 +1026,11 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(
   }
   auto* ast_struct = create<ast::Struct>(Source{}, sym, std::move(ast_members),
                                          std::move(ast_struct_decorations));
-  auto result = builder_.ty.struct_(ast_struct);
   if (num_non_writable_members == members.size()) {
-    read_only_struct_types_.insert(result.ast->name());
+    read_only_struct_types_.insert(ast_struct->name());
   }
-  AddConstructedType(sym, result);
-  return result;
+  AddConstructedType(sym, ast_struct);
+  return ast_struct;
 }
 
 void ParserImpl::AddConstructedType(Symbol name, ast::NamedType* type) {
@@ -1049,8 +1040,8 @@ void ParserImpl::AddConstructedType(Symbol name, ast::NamedType* type) {
   }
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
-                                  const spvtools::opt::analysis::Pointer*) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
+                                   const spvtools::opt::analysis::Pointer*) {
   const auto* inst = def_use_mgr_->GetDef(type_id);
   const auto pointee_type_id = inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1);
   const auto storage_class = SpvStorageClass(inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
@@ -1060,8 +1051,8 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
     builtin_position_.storage_class = storage_class;
     return nullptr;
   }
-  auto ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(pointee_type_id);
-  if (ast_elem_ty.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* ast_elem_ty = ConvertType(pointee_type_id);
+  if (ast_elem_ty == nullptr) {
     Fail() << "SPIR-V pointer type with ID " << type_id
            << " has invalid pointee type " << pointee_type_id;
     return nullptr;
@@ -1123,7 +1114,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitScalarSpecConstants() {
   // that is OpSpecConstantTrue, OpSpecConstantFalse, or OpSpecConstant.
   for (auto& inst : module_->types_values()) {
     // These will be populated for a valid scalar spec constant.
-    typ::Type ast_type;
+    ast::Type* ast_type = nullptr;
     ast::ScalarConstructorExpression* ast_expr = nullptr;
 
     switch (inst.opcode()) {
@@ -1138,15 +1129,15 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitScalarSpecConstants() {
       case SpvOpSpecConstant: {
         ast_type = ConvertType(inst.type_id());
         const uint32_t literal_value = inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
-        if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::I32>()) {
+        if (ast_type->Is<ast::I32>()) {
           ast_expr = create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
               Source{}, create<ast::SintLiteral>(
                             Source{}, static_cast<int32_t>(literal_value)));
-        } else if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::U32>()) {
+        } else if (ast_type->Is<ast::U32>()) {
           ast_expr = create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
               Source{}, create<ast::UintLiteral>(
                             Source{}, static_cast<uint32_t>(literal_value)));
-        } else if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::F32>()) {
+        } else if (ast_type->Is<ast::F32>()) {
           float float_value;
           // Copy the bits so we can read them as a float.
           std::memcpy(&float_value, &literal_value, sizeof(float_value));
@@ -1182,10 +1173,10 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitScalarSpecConstants() {
   return success_;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::MaybeGenerateAlias(
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::MaybeGenerateAlias(
     uint32_t type_id,
     const spvtools::opt::analysis::Type* type,
-    typ::Type ast_type) {
+    ast::Type* ast_type) {
   if (!success_) {
     return {};
   }
@@ -1208,8 +1199,8 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::MaybeGenerateAlias(
       // Ignore constants, and any other types.
       return ast_type;
   }
-  auto ast_underlying_type = ast_type;
-  if (ast_underlying_type.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* ast_underlying_type = ast_type;
+  if (ast_underlying_type == nullptr) {
     Fail() << "internal error: no type registered for SPIR-V ID: " << type_id;
     return {};
   }
@@ -1261,7 +1252,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitModuleScopeVariables() {
     if (!success_) {
       return false;
     }
-    typ::Type ast_type;
+    ast::Type* ast_type;
     if (spirv_storage_class == SpvStorageClassUniformConstant) {
       // These are opaque handles: samplers or textures
       ast_type = GetTypeForHandleVar(var);
@@ -1270,19 +1261,19 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitModuleScopeVariables() {
       }
     } else {
       ast_type = ConvertType(type_id);
-      if (ast_type.ast == nullptr) {
+      if (ast_type == nullptr) {
         return Fail() << "internal error: failed to register Tint AST type for "
                          "SPIR-V type with ID: "
                       << var.type_id();
       }
-      if (!ast_type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>()) {
+      if (!ast_type->Is<ast::Pointer>()) {
         return Fail() << "variable with ID " << var.result_id()
                       << " has non-pointer type " << var.type_id();
       }
     }
 
-    auto ast_store_type = typ::Call_type(typ::As<typ::Pointer>(ast_type));
-    auto ast_storage_class = ast_type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>()->storage_class();
+    auto* ast_store_type = ast_type->As<ast::Pointer>()->type();
+    auto ast_storage_class = ast_type->As<ast::Pointer>()->storage_class();
     ast::Expression* ast_constructor = nullptr;
     if (var.NumInOperands() > 1) {
       // SPIR-V initializers are always constants.
@@ -1345,18 +1336,18 @@ const spvtools::opt::analysis::IntConstant* ParserImpl::GetArraySize(
 
 ast::Variable* ParserImpl::MakeVariable(uint32_t id,
                                         ast::StorageClass sc,
-                                        typ::Type type,
+                                        ast::Type* type,
                                         bool is_const,
                                         ast::Expression* constructor,
                                         ast::DecorationList decorations) {
-  if (type.ast == nullptr) {
+  if (type == nullptr) {
     Fail() << "internal error: can't make ast::Variable for null type";
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   if (sc == ast::StorageClass::kStorage) {
     bool read_only = false;
-    if (auto* tn = type.ast->As<ast::TypeName>()) {
+    if (auto* tn = type->As<ast::TypeName>()) {
       read_only = read_only_struct_types_.count(tn->name()) > 0;
     }
 
@@ -1388,7 +1379,7 @@ ast::Variable* ParserImpl::MakeVariable(uint32_t id,
           // The SPIR-V variable is likely to be signed (because GLSL
           // requires signed), but WGSL requires unsigned.  Handle specially
           // so we always perform the conversion at load and store.
-          if (auto forced_type = UnsignedTypeFor(type)) {
+          if (auto* forced_type = UnsignedTypeFor(type)) {
             // Requires conversion and special handling in code generation.
             special_builtins_[id] = spv_builtin;
             type = forced_type;
@@ -1461,8 +1452,8 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::MakeConstantExpression(uint32_t id) {
     Fail() << "ID " << id << " is not a registered instruction";
     return {};
   }
-  auto original_ast_type = ConvertType(inst->type_id());
-  if (original_ast_type.ast == nullptr) {
+  auto* original_ast_type = ConvertType(inst->type_id());
+  if (original_ast_type == nullptr) {
     return {};
   }
 
@@ -1479,28 +1470,28 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::MakeConstantExpression(uint32_t id) {
   }
 
   auto source = GetSourceForInst(inst);
-  auto ast_type = UnwrapIfNeeded(original_ast_type);
+  auto* ast_type = original_ast_type->UnwrapIfNeeded();
 
   // TODO(dneto): Note: NullConstant for int, uint, float map to a regular 0.
   // So canonicalization should map that way too.
   // Currently "null<type>" is missing from the WGSL parser.
   // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/tint/issues/detail?id=34
-  if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::U32>()) {
+  if (ast_type->Is<ast::U32>()) {
     return {ast_type, create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
                           Source{}, create<ast::UintLiteral>(
                                         source, spirv_const->GetU32()))};
   }
-  if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::I32>()) {
+  if (ast_type->Is<ast::I32>()) {
     return {ast_type, create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
                           Source{}, create<ast::SintLiteral>(
                                         source, spirv_const->GetS32()))};
   }
-  if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::F32>()) {
+  if (ast_type->Is<ast::F32>()) {
     return {ast_type, create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
                           Source{}, create<ast::FloatLiteral>(
                                         source, spirv_const->GetFloat()))};
   }
-  if (ast_type.ast->Is<ast::Bool>()) {
+  if (ast_type->Is<ast::Bool>()) {
     const bool value = spirv_const->AsNullConstant()
                            ? false
                            : spirv_const->AsBoolConstant()->value();
@@ -1556,7 +1547,7 @@ ast::Expression* ParserImpl::MakeNullValue(ast::Type* type) {
   }
 
   auto* original_type = type;
-  type = UnwrapIfNeeded(type);
+  type = type->UnwrapIfNeeded();
 
   if (type->Is<ast::Bool>()) {
     return create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(
@@ -1622,15 +1613,15 @@ ast::Expression* ParserImpl::MakeNullValue(ast::Type* type) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-TypedExpression ParserImpl::MakeNullExpression(typ::Type type) {
+TypedExpression ParserImpl::MakeNullExpression(ast::Type* type) {
   return {type, MakeNullValue(type)};
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::UnsignedTypeFor(typ::Type type) {
-  if (type.ast->Is<ast::I32>()) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::UnsignedTypeFor(ast::Type* type) {
+  if (type->Is<ast::I32>()) {
     return builder_.ty.u32();
   }
-  if (auto* v = type.ast->As<ast::Vector>()) {
+  if (auto* v = type->As<ast::Vector>()) {
     if (v->type()->Is<ast::I32>()) {
       return builder_.ty.vec(builder_.ty.u32(), v->size());
     }
@@ -1638,11 +1629,11 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::UnsignedTypeFor(typ::Type type) {
   return {};
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::SignedTypeFor(typ::Type type) {
-  if (type.ast->Is<ast::U32>()) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::SignedTypeFor(ast::Type* type) {
+  if (type->Is<ast::U32>()) {
     return builder_.ty.i32();
   }
-  if (auto* v = type.ast->As<ast::Vector>()) {
+  if (auto* v = type->As<ast::Vector>()) {
     if (v->type()->Is<ast::U32>()) {
       return builder_.ty.vec(builder_.ty.i32(), v->size());
     }
@@ -1673,20 +1664,20 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::RectifyOperandSignedness(
     Fail() << "internal error: RectifyOperandSignedness given a null expr\n";
     return {};
   }
-  auto type = expr.type;
-  if (!type.ast) {
+  auto* type = expr.type;
+  if (!type) {
     Fail() << "internal error: unmapped type for: " << builder_.str(expr.expr)
            << "\n";
     return {};
   }
   if (requires_unsigned) {
-    if (auto unsigned_ty = UnsignedTypeFor(type)) {
+    if (auto* unsigned_ty = UnsignedTypeFor(type)) {
       // Conversion is required.
       return {unsigned_ty,
               create<ast::BitcastExpression>(Source{}, unsigned_ty, expr.expr)};
     }
   } else if (requires_signed) {
-    if (auto signed_ty = SignedTypeFor(type)) {
+    if (auto* signed_ty = SignedTypeFor(type)) {
       // Conversion is required.
       return {signed_ty,
               create<ast::BitcastExpression>(Source{}, signed_ty, expr.expr)};
@@ -1698,9 +1689,9 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::RectifyOperandSignedness(
 
 TypedExpression ParserImpl::RectifySecondOperandSignedness(
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
-    typ::Type first_operand_type,
+    ast::Type* first_operand_type,
     TypedExpression&& second_operand_expr) {
-  if ((first_operand_type != second_operand_expr.type) &&
+  if (!AstTypesEquivalent(first_operand_type, second_operand_expr.type) &&
       AssumesSecondOperandSignednessMatchesFirstOperand(inst.opcode())) {
     // Conversion is required.
     return {first_operand_type,
@@ -1711,8 +1702,8 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::RectifySecondOperandSignedness(
   return std::move(second_operand_expr);
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::ForcedResultType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
-                                       typ::Type first_operand_type) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::ForcedResultType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
+                                        ast::Type* first_operand_type) {
   const auto opcode = inst.opcode();
   if (AssumesResultSignednessMatchesFirstOperand(opcode)) {
     return first_operand_type;
@@ -1727,16 +1718,15 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::ForcedResultType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::GetSignedIntMatchingShape(typ::Type other) {
-  if (other.ast == nullptr) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::GetSignedIntMatchingShape(ast::Type* other) {
+  if (other == nullptr) {
     Fail() << "no type provided";
   }
   auto i32 = builder_.ty.i32();
-  if (other.ast->Is<ast::F32>() || other.ast->Is<ast::U32>() ||
-      other.ast->Is<ast::I32>()) {
+  if (other->Is<ast::F32>() || other->Is<ast::U32>() || other->Is<ast::I32>()) {
     return i32;
   }
-  auto* vec_ty = other.ast->As<ast::Vector>();
+  auto* vec_ty = other->As<ast::Vector>();
   if (vec_ty) {
     return builder_.ty.vec(i32, vec_ty->size());
   }
@@ -1744,17 +1734,16 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::GetSignedIntMatchingShape(typ::Type other) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(typ::Type other) {
-  if (other.ast == nullptr) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(ast::Type* other) {
+  if (other == nullptr) {
     Fail() << "no type provided";
     return nullptr;
   }
   auto u32 = builder_.ty.u32();
-  if (other.ast->Is<ast::F32>() || other.ast->Is<ast::U32>() ||
-      other.ast->Is<ast::I32>()) {
+  if (other->Is<ast::F32>() || other->Is<ast::U32>() || other->Is<ast::I32>()) {
     return u32;
   }
-  auto* vec_ty = other.ast->As<ast::Vector>();
+  auto* vec_ty = other->As<ast::Vector>();
   if (vec_ty) {
     return builder_.ty.vec(u32, vec_ty->size());
   }
@@ -1765,9 +1754,10 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(typ::Type other) {
 TypedExpression ParserImpl::RectifyForcedResultType(
     TypedExpression expr,
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
-    typ::Type first_operand_type) {
-  auto forced_result_ty = ForcedResultType(inst, first_operand_type);
-  if ((forced_result_ty.ast == nullptr) || (forced_result_ty == expr.type)) {
+    ast::Type* first_operand_type) {
+  auto* forced_result_ty = ForcedResultType(inst, first_operand_type);
+  if ((forced_result_ty == nullptr) ||
+      AstTypesEquivalent(forced_result_ty, expr.type)) {
     return expr;
   }
   return {expr.type,
@@ -1776,7 +1766,7 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::RectifyForcedResultType(
 
 TypedExpression ParserImpl::AsUnsigned(TypedExpression expr) {
   if (expr.type && expr.type->is_signed_scalar_or_vector()) {
-    auto new_type = GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(expr.type);
+    auto* new_type = GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(expr.type);
     return {new_type,
             create<ast::BitcastExpression>(Source{}, new_type, expr.expr)};
   }
@@ -1785,7 +1775,7 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::AsUnsigned(TypedExpression expr) {
 
 TypedExpression ParserImpl::AsSigned(TypedExpression expr) {
   if (expr.type && expr.type->is_unsigned_scalar_or_vector()) {
-    auto new_type = GetSignedIntMatchingShape(expr.type);
+    auto* new_type = GetSignedIntMatchingShape(expr.type);
     return {new_type,
             create<ast::BitcastExpression>(Source{}, new_type, expr.expr)};
   }
@@ -1962,7 +1952,7 @@ ParserImpl::GetSpirvTypeForHandleMemoryObjectDeclaration(
   return raw_handle_type;
 }
 
-typ::Pointer ParserImpl::GetTypeForHandleVar(
+ast::Pointer* ParserImpl::GetTypeForHandleVar(
     const spvtools::opt::Instruction& var) {
   auto where = handle_type_.find(&var);
   if (where != handle_type_.end()) {
@@ -2046,7 +2036,7 @@ typ::Pointer ParserImpl::GetTypeForHandleVar(
   }
 
   // Construct the Tint handle type.
-  typ::Type ast_store_type;
+  ast::Type* ast_store_type;
   if (usage.IsSampler()) {
     ast_store_type = builder_.ty.sampler(
         usage.IsComparisonSampler() ? ast::SamplerKind::kComparisonSampler
@@ -2071,7 +2061,7 @@ typ::Pointer ParserImpl::GetTypeForHandleVar(
     if (usage.IsSampledTexture() ||
         (image_type->format() == SpvImageFormatUnknown)) {
       // Make a sampled texture type.
-      auto ast_sampled_component_type =
+      auto* ast_sampled_component_type =
           ConvertType(raw_handle_type->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
 
       // Vulkan ignores the depth parameter on OpImage, so pay attention to the
@@ -2114,7 +2104,7 @@ typ::Pointer ParserImpl::GetTypeForHandleVar(
   return result;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::GetComponentTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format) {
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::GetComponentTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format) {
   switch (format) {
     case ast::ImageFormat::kR8Uint:
     case ast::ImageFormat::kR16Uint:
@@ -2163,8 +2153,8 @@ typ::Type ParserImpl::GetComponentTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-typ::Type ParserImpl::GetTexelTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format) {
-  auto component_type = GetComponentTypeForFormat(format);
+ast::Type* ParserImpl::GetTexelTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format) {
+  auto* component_type = GetComponentTypeForFormat(format);
   if (!component_type) {
     return nullptr;
   }
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h
index 1a18a0c833..492d7be531 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include "src/reader/spirv/enum_converter.h"
 #include "src/reader/spirv/namer.h"
 #include "src/reader/spirv/usage.h"
-#include "src/typepair.h"
 
 /// This is the implementation of the SPIR-V parser for Tint.
 
@@ -52,6 +51,14 @@ namespace tint {
 namespace reader {
 namespace spirv {
 
+/// Returns true of the two input ast types are semantically equivalent
+/// @param lhs first type to compare
+/// @param rhs other type to compare
+/// @returns true if both types are semantically equivalent
+inline bool AstTypesEquivalent(ast::Type* lhs, ast::Type* rhs) {
+  return lhs->type_name() == rhs->type_name();
+}
+
 /// The binary representation of a SPIR-V decoration enum followed by its
 /// operands, if any.
 /// Example:   { SpvDecorationBlock }
@@ -74,10 +81,10 @@ struct TypedExpression {
   /// Constructor
   /// @param type_in the type of the expression
   /// @param expr_in the expression
-  TypedExpression(typ::Type type_in, ast::Expression* expr_in);
+  TypedExpression(ast::Type* type_in, ast::Expression* expr_in);
 
   /// The type
-  typ::Type type;
+  ast::Type* type;
   /// The expression
   ast::Expression* expr = nullptr;
 };
@@ -156,7 +163,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// after the internal representation of the module has been built.
   /// @param type_id the SPIR-V ID of a type.
   /// @returns a Tint type, or nullptr
-  typ::Type ConvertType(uint32_t type_id);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(uint32_t type_id);
 
   /// Emits an alias type declaration for the given type, if necessary, and
   /// also updates the mapping of the SPIR-V type ID to the alias type.
@@ -169,9 +176,9 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// @param type the type that might get an alias
   /// @param ast_type the ast type that might get an alias
   /// @returns an alias type or `ast_type` if no alias was created
-  typ::Type MaybeGenerateAlias(uint32_t type_id,
-                               const spvtools::opt::analysis::Type* type,
-                               typ::Type ast_type);
+  ast::Type* MaybeGenerateAlias(uint32_t type_id,
+                                const spvtools::opt::analysis::Type* type,
+                                ast::Type* ast_type);
 
   /// @returns the fail stream object
   FailStream& fail_stream() { return fail_stream_; }
@@ -321,7 +328,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// in the error case
   ast::Variable* MakeVariable(uint32_t id,
                               ast::StorageClass sc,
-                              typ::Type type,
+                              ast::Type* type,
                               bool is_const,
                               ast::Expression* constructor,
                               ast::DecorationList decorations);
@@ -339,7 +346,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// Make a typed expression for the null value for the given type.
   /// @param type the AST type
   /// @returns a new typed expression
-  TypedExpression MakeNullExpression(typ::Type type);
+  TypedExpression MakeNullExpression(ast::Type* type);
 
   /// Converts a given expression to the signedness demanded for an operand
   /// of the given SPIR-V instruction, if required.  If the instruction assumes
@@ -364,7 +371,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// @returns second_operand_expr, or a cast of it
   TypedExpression RectifySecondOperandSignedness(
       const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
-      typ::Type first_operand_type,
+      ast::Type* first_operand_type,
       TypedExpression&& second_operand_expr);
 
   /// Returns the "forced" result type for the given SPIR-V instruction.
@@ -375,8 +382,8 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// @param inst the SPIR-V instruction
   /// @param first_operand_type the AST type for the first operand.
   /// @returns the forced AST result type, or nullptr if no forcing is required.
-  typ::Type ForcedResultType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
-                             typ::Type first_operand_type);
+  ast::Type* ForcedResultType(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
+                              ast::Type* first_operand_type);
 
   /// Returns a signed integer scalar or vector type matching the shape (scalar,
   /// vector, and component bit width) of another type, which itself is a
@@ -384,7 +391,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// requirement.
   /// @param other the type whose shape must be matched
   /// @returns the signed scalar or vector type
-  typ::Type GetSignedIntMatchingShape(typ::Type other);
+  ast::Type* GetSignedIntMatchingShape(ast::Type* other);
 
   /// Returns a signed integer scalar or vector type matching the shape (scalar,
   /// vector, and component bit width) of another type, which itself is a
@@ -392,7 +399,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// requirement.
   /// @param other the type whose shape must be matched
   /// @returns the unsigned scalar or vector type
-  typ::Type GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(typ::Type other);
+  ast::Type* GetUnsignedIntMatchingShape(ast::Type* other);
 
   /// Wraps the given expression in an as-cast to the given expression's type,
   /// when the underlying operation produces a forced result type different
@@ -405,7 +412,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   TypedExpression RectifyForcedResultType(
       TypedExpression expr,
       const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst,
-      typ::Type first_operand_type);
+      ast::Type* first_operand_type);
 
   /// Returns the given expression, but ensuring it's an unsigned type of the
   /// same shape as the operand. Wraps the expresison with a bitcast if needed.
@@ -505,18 +512,18 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// @param var the OpVariable instruction
   /// @returns the Tint AST type for the poiner-to-{sampler|texture} or null on
   /// error
-  typ::Pointer GetTypeForHandleVar(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& var);
+  ast::Pointer* GetTypeForHandleVar(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& var);
 
   /// Returns the channel component type corresponding to the given image
   /// format.
   /// @param format image texel format
   /// @returns the component type, one of f32, i32, u32
-  typ::Type GetComponentTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format);
+  ast::Type* GetComponentTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format);
 
   /// Returns texel type corresponding to the given image format.
   /// @param format image texel format
   /// @returns the texel format
-  typ::Type GetTexelTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format);
+  ast::Type* GetTexelTypeForFormat(ast::ImageFormat format);
 
   /// Returns the SPIR-V instruction with the given ID, or nullptr.
   /// @param id the SPIR-V result ID
@@ -554,19 +561,19 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
 
  private:
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Integer case
-  typ::Type ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Integer* int_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Integer* int_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Float case
-  typ::Type ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Float* float_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Float* float_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Vector case
-  typ::Type ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Vector* vec_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Vector* vec_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Matrix case
-  typ::Type ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Matrix* mat_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Matrix* mat_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. RuntimeArray case
   /// @param rtarr_ty the Tint type
-  typ::Type ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::RuntimeArray* rtarr_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::RuntimeArray* rtarr_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Array case
   /// @param arr_ty the Tint type
-  typ::Type ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Array* arr_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(const spvtools::opt::analysis::Array* arr_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Struct case.
   /// SPIR-V allows distinct struct type definitions for two OpTypeStruct
   /// that otherwise have the same set of members (and struct and member
@@ -578,27 +585,27 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   /// not significant to the optimizer's module representation.
   /// @param type_id the SPIR-V ID for the type.
   /// @param struct_ty the Tint type
-  typ::Type ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
-                        const spvtools::opt::analysis::Struct* struct_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
+                         const spvtools::opt::analysis::Struct* struct_ty);
   /// Converts a specific SPIR-V type to a Tint type. Pointer case
   /// The pointer to gl_PerVertex maps to nullptr, and instead is recorded
   /// in member #builtin_position_.
   /// @param type_id the SPIR-V ID for the type.
   /// @param ptr_ty the Tint type
-  typ::Type ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
-                        const spvtools::opt::analysis::Pointer* ptr_ty);
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
+                         const spvtools::opt::analysis::Pointer* ptr_ty);
 
   /// If `type` is a signed integral, or vector of signed integral,
   /// returns the unsigned type, otherwise returns `type`.
   /// @param type the possibly signed type
   /// @returns the unsigned type
-  typ::Type UnsignedTypeFor(typ::Type type);
+  ast::Type* UnsignedTypeFor(ast::Type* type);
 
   /// If `type` is a unsigned integral, or vector of unsigned integral,
   /// returns the signed type, otherwise returns `type`.
   /// @param type the possibly unsigned type
   /// @returns the signed type
-  typ::Type SignedTypeFor(typ::Type type);
+  ast::Type* SignedTypeFor(ast::Type* type);
 
   /// Parses the array or runtime-array decorations.
   /// @param spv_type the SPIR-V array or runtime-array type.
@@ -709,7 +716,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
   // usages implied by usages of the memory-object-declaration.
   std::unordered_map<const spvtools::opt::Instruction*, Usage> handle_usage_;
   // The inferred pointer type for the given handle variable.
-  std::unordered_map<const spvtools::opt::Instruction*, typ::Pointer>
+  std::unordered_map<const spvtools::opt::Instruction*, ast::Pointer*>
       handle_type_;
 
   // Set of symbols of constructed types that have been added, used to avoid
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_convert_type_test.cc b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_convert_type_test.cc
index 319e8a61dd..180f119088 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_convert_type_test.cc
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_convert_type_test.cc
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ using ::testing::Eq;
 TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PreservesExistingFailure) {
   auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
   p->Fail() << "boing";
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("boing"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_RequiresInternalRepresntation) {
   auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(
       p->error(),
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_NotAnId) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\""));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, type);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("ID is not a SPIR-V type: 10"));
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_IdExistsButIsNotAType) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\""));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(1);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(1);
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, type);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("ID is not a SPIR-V type: 1"));
 }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_UnhandledType) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%70 = OpTypePipe WriteOnly"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(70);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(70);
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, type);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("unknown SPIR-V type with ID 70: %70 = OpTypePipe WriteOnly"));
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_Void) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%1 = OpTypeVoid"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(1);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Void>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Void>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_Bool) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%100 = OpTypeBool"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(100);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Bool>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(100);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Bool>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_I32) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%2 = OpTypeInt 32 1"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(2);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::I32>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::I32>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_U32) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::U32>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::U32>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_F32) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%4 = OpTypeFloat 32"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(4);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::F32>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(4);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_BadIntWidth) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%5 = OpTypeInt 17 1"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(5);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(5);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("unhandled integer width: 17"));
 }
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_BadFloatWidth) {
   auto p = parser(test::Assemble("%6 = OpTypeFloat 19"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(6);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(6);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("unhandled float width: 19"));
 }
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, DISABLED_ConvertType_InvalidVectorElement) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(20);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(20);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("unknown SPIR-V type: 5"));
 }
@@ -154,20 +154,20 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_VecOverF32) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto v2xf32 = p->ConvertType(20);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xf32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xf32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v2xf32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 2u);
+  auto* v2xf32 = p->ConvertType(20);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xf32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xf32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v2xf32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 2u);
 
-  auto v3xf32 = p->ConvertType(30);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xf32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xf32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v3xf32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 3u);
+  auto* v3xf32 = p->ConvertType(30);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xf32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xf32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v3xf32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 3u);
 
-  auto v4xf32 = p->ConvertType(40);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xf32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xf32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v4xf32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 4u);
+  auto* v4xf32 = p->ConvertType(40);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xf32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xf32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v4xf32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 4u);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
@@ -181,20 +181,20 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_VecOverI32) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto v2xi32 = p->ConvertType(20);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xi32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xi32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::I32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v2xi32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 2u);
+  auto* v2xi32 = p->ConvertType(20);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xi32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xi32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::I32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v2xi32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 2u);
 
-  auto v3xi32 = p->ConvertType(30);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xi32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xi32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::I32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v3xi32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 3u);
+  auto* v3xi32 = p->ConvertType(30);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xi32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xi32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::I32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v3xi32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 3u);
 
-  auto v4xi32 = p->ConvertType(40);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xi32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xi32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::I32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v4xi32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 4u);
+  auto* v4xi32 = p->ConvertType(40);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xi32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xi32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::I32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v4xi32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 4u);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
@@ -208,20 +208,20 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_VecOverU32) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto v2xu32 = p->ConvertType(20);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xu32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xu32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::U32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v2xu32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 2u);
+  auto* v2xu32 = p->ConvertType(20);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xu32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v2xu32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::U32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v2xu32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 2u);
 
-  auto v3xu32 = p->ConvertType(30);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xu32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xu32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::U32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v3xu32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 3u);
+  auto* v3xu32 = p->ConvertType(30);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xu32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v3xu32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::U32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v3xu32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 3u);
 
-  auto v4xu32 = p->ConvertType(40);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xu32.ast->Is<ast::Vector>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xu32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::U32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(v4xu32.ast->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 4u);
+  auto* v4xu32 = p->ConvertType(40);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xu32->Is<ast::Vector>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(v4xu32->As<ast::Vector>()->type()->Is<ast::U32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(v4xu32->As<ast::Vector>()->size(), 4u);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, DISABLED_ConvertType_InvalidMatrixElement) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(20);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(20);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("unknown SPIR-V type: 5"));
 }
@@ -260,59 +260,59 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_MatrixOverF32) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto m22 = p->ConvertType(22);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m22.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m22.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m22.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 2u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m22.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 2u);
+  auto* m22 = p->ConvertType(22);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m22->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m22->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m22->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m22->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 2u);
 
-  auto m23 = p->ConvertType(23);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m23.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m23.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m23.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 2u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m23.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 3u);
+  auto* m23 = p->ConvertType(23);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m23->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m23->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m23->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m23->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 3u);
 
-  auto m24 = p->ConvertType(24);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m24.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m24.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m24.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 2u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m24.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 4u);
+  auto* m24 = p->ConvertType(24);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m24->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m24->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m24->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m24->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 4u);
 
-  auto m32 = p->ConvertType(32);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m32.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m32.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m32.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 3u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m32.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 2u);
+  auto* m32 = p->ConvertType(32);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m32->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m32->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m32->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m32->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 2u);
 
-  auto m33 = p->ConvertType(33);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m33.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m33.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m33.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 3u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m33.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 3u);
+  auto* m33 = p->ConvertType(33);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m33->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m33->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m33->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m33->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 3u);
 
-  auto m34 = p->ConvertType(34);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m34.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m34.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m34.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 3u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m34.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 4u);
+  auto* m34 = p->ConvertType(34);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m34->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m34->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m34->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m34->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 4u);
 
-  auto m42 = p->ConvertType(42);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m42.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m42.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m42.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 4u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m42.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 2u);
+  auto* m42 = p->ConvertType(42);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m42->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m42->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m42->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m42->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 2u);
 
-  auto m43 = p->ConvertType(43);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m43.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m43.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m43.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 4u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m43.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 3u);
+  auto* m43 = p->ConvertType(43);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m43->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m43->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m43->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m43->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 3u);
 
-  auto m44 = p->ConvertType(44);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m44.ast->Is<ast::Matrix>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m44.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(m44.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 4u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(m44.ast->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 4u);
+  auto* m44 = p->ConvertType(44);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m44->Is<ast::Matrix>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m44->As<ast::Matrix>()->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(m44->As<ast::Matrix>()->rows(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(m44->As<ast::Matrix>()->columns(), 4u);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
@@ -324,10 +324,10 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_RuntimeArray) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->Is<ast::Array>());
-  auto* arr_type = type.ast->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->As<ast::Array>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->Is<ast::Array>());
+  auto* arr_type = type->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->As<ast::Array>();
   EXPECT_TRUE(arr_type->IsRuntimeArray());
   ASSERT_NE(arr_type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(arr_type->size(), 0u);
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_RuntimeArray_InvalidDecoration) {
     %10 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %uint
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(
       p->error(),
@@ -359,9 +359,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_RuntimeArray_ArrayStride_Valid) {
     %10 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %uint
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  auto* arr_type = type.ast->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->As<ast::Array>();
+  auto* arr_type = type->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->As<ast::Array>();
   EXPECT_TRUE(arr_type->IsRuntimeArray());
   ASSERT_NE(arr_type, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(arr_type->decorations().size(), 1u);
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_RuntimeArray_ArrayStride_ZeroIsError) {
     %10 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %uint
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("invalid array type ID 10: ArrayStride can't be 0"));
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest,
     %10 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %uint
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("invalid array type ID 10: multiple ArrayStride decorations"));
@@ -407,10 +407,10 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_Array) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Array>());
-  auto* arr_type = type.ast->As<ast::Array>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Array>());
+  auto* arr_type = type->As<ast::Array>();
   EXPECT_FALSE(arr_type->IsRuntimeArray());
   ASSERT_NE(arr_type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(arr_type->size(), 42u);
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_ArrayBadLengthIsSpecConstantValue) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("Array type 10 length is a specialization constant"));
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_ArrayBadLengthIsSpecConstantExpr) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("Array type 10 length is a specialization constant"));
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_ArrayBadTooBig) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   // TODO(dneto): Right now it's rejected earlier in the flow because
   // we can't even utter the uint64 type.
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_Array_InvalidDecoration) {
     %10 = OpTypeArray %uint %uint_5
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(
       p->error(),
@@ -494,10 +494,10 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_ArrayStride_Valid) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->Is<ast::Array>());
-  auto* arr_type = type.ast->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->As<ast::Array>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->Is<ast::Array>());
+  auto* arr_type = type->UnwrapAliasIfNeeded()->As<ast::Array>();
   ASSERT_NE(arr_type, nullptr);
 
   ASSERT_EQ(arr_type->decorations().size(), 1u);
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_ArrayStride_ZeroIsError) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("invalid array type ID 10: ArrayStride can't be 0"));
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_ArrayStride_SpecifiedTwiceIsError) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("invalid array type ID 10: multiple ArrayStride decorations"));
@@ -548,12 +548,12 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_StructTwoMembers) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->RegisterUserAndStructMemberNames());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Struct>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Struct>());
 
   Program program = p->program();
-  EXPECT_THAT(program.str(type.ast->As<ast::Struct>()), Eq(R"(Struct S {
+  EXPECT_THAT(program.str(type->As<ast::Struct>()), Eq(R"(Struct S {
   StructMember{field0: __u32}
   StructMember{field1: __f32}
 }
@@ -569,12 +569,12 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_StructWithBlockDecoration) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->RegisterUserAndStructMemberNames());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Struct>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Struct>());
 
   Program program = p->program();
-  EXPECT_THAT(program.str(type.ast->As<ast::Struct>()), Eq(R"(Struct S {
+  EXPECT_THAT(program.str(type->As<ast::Struct>()), Eq(R"(Struct S {
   [[block]]
   StructMember{field0: __u32}
 }
@@ -594,12 +594,12 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_StructWithMemberDecorations) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->RegisterUserAndStructMemberNames());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(10);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(10);
   ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Struct>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Struct>());
 
   Program program = p->program();
-  EXPECT_THAT(program.str(type.ast->As<ast::Struct>()), Eq(R"(Struct S {
+  EXPECT_THAT(program.str(type->As<ast::Struct>()), Eq(R"(Struct S {
   StructMember{[[ offset 0 ]] field0: __f32}
   StructMember{[[ offset 8 ]] field1: __vec_2__f32}
   StructMember{[[ offset 16 ]] field2: __mat_2_2__f32}
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_InvalidPointeetype) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule()) << p->error();
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
   EXPECT_EQ(type, nullptr);
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(),
               Eq("SPIR-V pointer type with ID 3 has invalid pointee type 42"));
@@ -644,9 +644,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerInput) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kInput);
@@ -660,9 +660,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerOutput) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kOutput);
@@ -676,9 +676,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerUniform) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kUniform);
@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerWorkgroup) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kWorkgroup);
@@ -708,9 +708,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerUniformConstant) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kUniformConstant);
@@ -724,9 +724,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerStorageBuffer) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kStorage);
@@ -740,9 +740,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerImage) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kImage);
@@ -756,9 +756,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerPrivate) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kPrivate);
@@ -772,9 +772,9 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerFunction) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::F32>());
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kFunction);
@@ -790,11 +790,11 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_PointerToPointer) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(3);
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(3);
   EXPECT_NE(type, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Pointer>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Pointer>());
 
-  auto* ptr_ty = type.ast->As<ast::Pointer>();
+  auto* ptr_ty = type->As<ast::Pointer>();
   EXPECT_NE(ptr_ty, nullptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(ptr_ty->storage_class(), ast::StorageClass::kInput);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ptr_ty->type()->Is<ast::Pointer>());
@@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_Sampler_PretendVoid) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(1);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Void>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Void>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -827,8 +827,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_Image_PretendVoid) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(1);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Void>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Void>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -840,8 +840,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertType_SampledImage_PretendVoid) {
   )"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->BuildInternalModule());
 
-  auto type = p->ConvertType(1);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(type.ast->Is<ast::Void>());
+  auto* type = p->ConvertType(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(type->Is<ast::Void>());
   EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test_helper.h b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test_helper.h
index 1794f7fd96..bfa5ca6369 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test_helper.h
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test_helper.h
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class ParserImplWrapperForTest {
   /// after the internal representation of the module has been built.
   /// @param id the SPIR-V ID of a type.
   /// @returns a Tint type, or nullptr
-  typ::Type ConvertType(uint32_t id) { return impl_.ConvertType(id); }
+  ast::Type* ConvertType(uint32_t id) { return impl_.ConvertType(id); }
 
   /// Gets the list of decorations for a SPIR-V result ID.  Returns an empty
   /// vector if the ID is not a result ID, or if no decorations target that ID.
diff --git a/src/typepair.h b/src/typepair.h
index 4fe005a699..422e72f344 100644
--- a/src/typepair.h
+++ b/src/typepair.h
@@ -271,27 +271,6 @@ inline auto MakeTypePair(AST* ast, SEM* sem) {
   return TypePair<AST, SEM>{ast, sem};
 }
 
-/// Performs an As operation on the `ast` and `sem` members of the input type
-/// pair, deducing the mapped type from typ::* to ast::* and sem::*
-/// respectively.
-/// @param tp the type pair to call As on
-/// @returns a new type pair after As has been called on each of `sem` and `ast`
-template <typename TargetTYP, typename AST, typename SEM>
-auto As(TypePair<AST, SEM> tp)
-    -> TypePair<typename TargetTYP::AST_TYPE, typename TargetTYP::SEM_TYPE> {
-  return MakeTypePair(
-      tp.ast ? tp.ast->template As<typename TargetTYP::AST_TYPE>() : nullptr,
-      tp.sem ? tp.sem->template As<typename TargetTYP::SEM_TYPE>() : nullptr);
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `type()` member function on each of `ast` and `sem` of the input
-/// type pair
-/// @param tp the type pair
-/// @returns a type pair with the result of calling `type()` on `ast` and `sem`
-template <typename AST, typename SEM>
-TypePair<AST, SEM> Call_type(TypePair<AST, SEM> tp) {
-  return MakeTypePair(tp.ast->type(), tp.sem->type());
-}
 
 }  // namespace typ