diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.cpp b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.cpp
index b8b74753f4..bd8988065c 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,9 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
     }
 
     ShaderModule::ShaderModule(Device* device, const ShaderModuleDescriptor* descriptor)
-        : ShaderModuleBase(device, descriptor), mTransformedShaderModuleCache(device) {
+        : ShaderModuleBase(device, descriptor),
+          mTransformedShaderModuleCache(
+              std::make_unique<ConcurrentTransformedShaderModuleCache>(device)) {
     }
 
     MaybeError ShaderModule::Initialize(ShaderModuleParseResult* parseResult) {
@@ -97,16 +99,24 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
         return InitializeBase(parseResult);
     }
 
+    void ShaderModule::DestroyImpl() {
+        // Remove reference to internal cache to trigger cleanup.
+        mTransformedShaderModuleCache = nullptr;
+    }
+
     ShaderModule::~ShaderModule() = default;
 
     ResultOrError<VkShaderModule> ShaderModule::GetTransformedModuleHandle(
         const char* entryPointName,
         PipelineLayout* layout) {
+        // If the shader was destroyed, we should never call this function.
+        ASSERT(IsAlive());
+
         ScopedTintICEHandler scopedICEHandler(GetDevice());
 
         auto cacheKey = std::make_pair(layout, entryPointName);
         VkShaderModule cachedShaderModule =
-            mTransformedShaderModuleCache.FindShaderModule(cacheKey);
+            mTransformedShaderModuleCache->FindShaderModule(cacheKey);
         if (cachedShaderModule != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
             return cachedShaderModule;
         }
@@ -180,7 +190,7 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
             "CreateShaderModule"));
         if (newHandle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
             newHandle =
-                mTransformedShaderModuleCache.AddOrGetCachedShaderModule(cacheKey, newHandle);
+                mTransformedShaderModuleCache->AddOrGetCachedShaderModule(cacheKey, newHandle);
         }
 
         SetDebugName(ToBackend(GetDevice()), VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE,
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.h b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.h
index b0a7bc33fc..9d28f91d4d 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.h
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
         ShaderModule(Device* device, const ShaderModuleDescriptor* descriptor);
         ~ShaderModule() override;
         MaybeError Initialize(ShaderModuleParseResult* parseResult);
+        void DestroyImpl() override;
 
         // New handles created by GetTransformedModuleHandle at pipeline creation time
         class ConcurrentTransformedShaderModuleCache {
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {
                                PipelineLayoutEntryPointPairHashFunc>
                 mTransformedShaderModuleCache;
         };
-        ConcurrentTransformedShaderModuleCache mTransformedShaderModuleCache;
+        std::unique_ptr<ConcurrentTransformedShaderModuleCache> mTransformedShaderModuleCache;
     };
 
 }}  // namespace dawn_native::vulkan