dawn-cmake/samples/main.cc

// Copyright 2020 The Tint Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include <cstdio>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
#include "StandAlone/ResourceLimits.h"
#include "glslang/Public/ShaderLang.h"
#endif

#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER

#include "src/utils/io/command.h"
#include "src/val/val.h"
#include "tint/tint.h"

namespace {

[[noreturn]] void TintInternalCompilerErrorReporter(
    const tint::diag::List& diagnostics) {
  auto printer = tint::diag::Printer::create(stderr, true);
  tint::diag::Formatter{}.format(diagnostics, printer.get());
  tint::diag::Style bold_red{tint::diag::Color::kRed, true};
  constexpr const char* please_file_bug = R"(
********************************************************************
*  The tint shader compiler has encountered an unexpected error.   *
*                                                                  *
*  Please help us fix this issue by submitting a bug report at     *
*  crbug.com/tint with the source program that triggered the bug.  *
********************************************************************
)";
  printer->write(please_file_bug, bold_red);
  exit(1);
}

enum class Format {
  kNone = -1,
  kSpirv,
  kSpvAsm,
  kWgsl,
  kMsl,
  kHlsl,
  kGlsl,
};

struct Options {
  bool show_help = false;

  std::string input_filename;
  std::string output_file = "-";  // Default to stdout

  bool parse_only = false;
  bool disable_workgroup_init = false;
  bool validate = false;
  bool demangle = false;
  bool dump_inspector_bindings = false;

  Format format = Format::kNone;

  bool emit_single_entry_point = false;
  std::string ep_name;

  std::vector<std::string> transforms;

  bool use_fxc = false;
  std::string dxc_path;
  std::string xcrun_path;
};

const char kUsage[] = R"(Usage: tint [options] <input-file>

 options:
  --format <spirv|spvasm|wgsl|msl|hlsl>  -- Output format.
                               If not provided, will be inferred from output
                               filename extension:
                                   .spvasm -> spvasm
                                   .spv    -> spirv
                                   .wgsl   -> wgsl
                                   .metal  -> msl
                                   .hlsl   -> hlsl
                               If none matches, then default to SPIR-V assembly.
  -ep <name>                -- Output single entry point
  --output-file <name>      -- Output file name.  Use "-" for standard output
  -o <name>                 -- Output file name.  Use "-" for standard output
  --transform <name list>   -- Runs transforms, name list is comma separated
                               Available transforms:
                                first_index_offset
                                fold_trivial_single_use_lets
                                renamer
                                robustness
  --parse-only              -- Stop after parsing the input
  --disable-workgroup-init  -- Disable workgroup memory zero initialization.
  --demangle                -- Preserve original source names. Demangle them.
                               Affects AST dumping, and text-based output languages.
  --dump-inspector-bindings -- Dump reflection data about bindins to stdout.
  -h                        -- This help text
  --validate                -- Validates the generated shader
  --fxc                     -- Ask to validate HLSL output using FXC instead of DXC.
                               When specified, automatically enables --validate
  --dxc                     -- Path to DXC executable, used to validate HLSL output.
                               When specified, automatically enables --validate
  --xcrun                   -- Path to xcrun executable, used to validate MSL output.
                               When specified, automatically enables --validate)";

Format parse_format(const std::string& fmt) {
  (void)fmt;

#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
  if (fmt == "spirv")
    return Format::kSpirv;
  if (fmt == "spvasm")
    return Format::kSpvAsm;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
  if (fmt == "wgsl")
    return Format::kWgsl;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
  if (fmt == "msl")
    return Format::kMsl;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
  if (fmt == "hlsl")
    return Format::kHlsl;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
  if (fmt == "glsl")
    return Format::kGlsl;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER

  return Format::kNone;
}

#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER || TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER || \
    TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER || TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
/// @param input input string
/// @param suffix potential suffix string
/// @returns true if input ends with the given suffix.
bool ends_with(const std::string& input, const std::string& suffix) {
  const auto input_len = input.size();
  const auto suffix_len = suffix.size();
  // Avoid integer overflow.
  return (input_len >= suffix_len) &&
         (input_len - suffix_len == input.rfind(suffix));
}
#endif

/// @param filename the filename to inspect
/// @returns the inferred format for the filename suffix
Format infer_format(const std::string& filename) {
  (void)filename;

#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
  if (ends_with(filename, ".spv")) {
    return Format::kSpirv;
  }
  if (ends_with(filename, ".spvasm")) {
    return Format::kSpvAsm;
  }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
  if (ends_with(filename, ".wgsl")) {
    return Format::kWgsl;
  }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
  if (ends_with(filename, ".metal")) {
    return Format::kMsl;
  }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER

#if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
  if (ends_with(filename, ".hlsl")) {
    return Format::kHlsl;
  }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER

  return Format::kNone;
}

std::vector<std::string> split_transform_names(std::string list) {
  std::vector<std::string> res;

  std::stringstream str(list);
  while (str.good()) {
    std::string substr;
    getline(str, substr, ',');
    res.push_back(substr);
  }
  return res;
}

std::string TextureDimensionToString(
    tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension dim) {
  switch (dim) {
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::kNone:
      return "None";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::k1d:
      return "1d";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::k2d:
      return "2d";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::k2dArray:
      return "2dArray";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::k3d:
      return "3d";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::kCube:
      return "Cube";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::TextureDimension::kCubeArray:
      return "CubeArray";
  }

  return "Unknown";
}

std::string SampledKindToString(
    tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::SampledKind kind) {
  switch (kind) {
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::SampledKind::kFloat:
      return "Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::SampledKind::kUInt:
      return "UInt";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::SampledKind::kSInt:
      return "SInt";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::SampledKind::kUnknown:
      break;
  }

  return "Unknown";
}

std::string ImageFormatToString(
    tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat format) {
  switch (format) {
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR8Unorm:
      return "R8Unorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR8Snorm:
      return "R8Snorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR8Uint:
      return "R8Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR8Sint:
      return "R8Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR16Uint:
      return "R16Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR16Sint:
      return "R16Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR16Float:
      return "R16Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg8Unorm:
      return "Rg8Unorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg8Snorm:
      return "Rg8Snorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg8Uint:
      return "Rg8Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg8Sint:
      return "Rg8Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR32Uint:
      return "R32Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR32Sint:
      return "R32Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kR32Float:
      return "R32Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg16Uint:
      return "Rg16Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg16Sint:
      return "Rg16Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg16Float:
      return "Rg16Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba8Unorm:
      return "Rgba8Unorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba8UnormSrgb:
      return "Rgba8UnormSrgb";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba8Snorm:
      return "Rgba8Snorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba8Uint:
      return "Rgba8Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba8Sint:
      return "Rgba8Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kBgra8Unorm:
      return "Bgra8Unorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kBgra8UnormSrgb:
      return "Bgra8UnormSrgb";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgb10A2Unorm:
      return "Rgb10A2Unorm";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg11B10Float:
      return "Rg11B10Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg32Uint:
      return "Rg32Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg32Sint:
      return "Rg32Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRg32Float:
      return "Rg32Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba16Uint:
      return "Rgba16Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba16Sint:
      return "Rgba16Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba16Float:
      return "Rgba16Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba32Uint:
      return "Rgba32Uint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba32Sint:
      return "Rgba32Sint";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kRgba32Float:
      return "Rgba32Float";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ImageFormat::kNone:
      return "None";
  }
  return "Unknown";
}

std::string ResourceTypeToString(
    tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType type) {
  switch (type) {
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kUniformBuffer:
      return "UniformBuffer";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kStorageBuffer:
      return "StorageBuffer";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kReadOnlyStorageBuffer:
      return "ReadOnlyStorageBuffer";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kSampler:
      return "Sampler";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kComparisonSampler:
      return "ComparisonSampler";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kSampledTexture:
      return "SampledTexture";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kMultisampledTexture:
      return "MultisampledTexture";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::
        kWriteOnlyStorageTexture:
      return "WriteOnlyStorageTexture";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kDepthTexture:
      return "DepthTexture";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::
        kDepthMultisampledTexture:
      return "DepthMultisampledTexture";
    case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kExternalTexture:
      return "ExternalTexture";
  }

  return "Unknown";
}

bool ParseArgs(const std::vector<std::string>& args, Options* opts) {
  for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
    const std::string& arg = args[i];
    if (arg == "--format") {
      ++i;
      if (i >= args.size()) {
        std::cerr << "Missing value for --format argument." << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      opts->format = parse_format(args[i]);

      if (opts->format == Format::kNone) {
        std::cerr << "Unknown output format: " << args[i] << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
    } else if (arg == "-ep") {
      if (i + 1 >= args.size()) {
        std::cerr << "Missing value for -ep" << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      i++;
      opts->ep_name = args[i];
      opts->emit_single_entry_point = true;

    } else if (arg == "-o" || arg == "--output-name") {
      ++i;
      if (i >= args.size()) {
        std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      opts->output_file = args[i];

    } else if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help") {
      opts->show_help = true;
    } else if (arg == "--transform") {
      ++i;
      if (i >= args.size()) {
        std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      opts->transforms = split_transform_names(args[i]);
    } else if (arg == "--parse-only") {
      opts->parse_only = true;
    } else if (arg == "--disable-workgroup-init") {
      opts->disable_workgroup_init = true;
    } else if (arg == "--demangle") {
      opts->demangle = true;
    } else if (arg == "--dump-inspector-bindings") {
      opts->dump_inspector_bindings = true;
    } else if (arg == "--validate") {
      opts->validate = true;
    } else if (arg == "--fxc") {
      opts->validate = true;
      opts->use_fxc = true;
    } else if (arg == "--dxc") {
      ++i;
      if (i >= args.size()) {
        std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      opts->dxc_path = args[i];
      opts->validate = true;
    } else if (arg == "--xcrun") {
      ++i;
      if (i >= args.size()) {
        std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      opts->xcrun_path = args[i];
      opts->validate = true;
    } else if (!arg.empty()) {
      if (arg[0] == '-') {
        std::cerr << "Unrecognized option: " << arg << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      if (!opts->input_filename.empty()) {
        std::cerr << "More than one input file specified: '"
                  << opts->input_filename << "' and '" << arg << "'"
                  << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
      opts->input_filename = arg;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

/// Copies the content from the file named `input_file` to `buffer`,
/// assuming each element in the file is of type `T`.  If any error occurs,
/// writes error messages to the standard error stream and returns false.
/// Assumes the size of a `T` object is divisible by its required alignment.
/// @returns true if we successfully read the file.
template <typename T>
bool ReadFile(const std::string& input_file, std::vector<T>* buffer) {
  if (!buffer) {
    std::cerr << "The buffer pointer was null" << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  FILE* file = nullptr;
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
  fopen_s(&file, input_file.c_str(), "rb");
#else
  file = fopen(input_file.c_str(), "rb");
#endif
  if (!file) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to open " << input_file << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
  uint64_t tell_file_size = static_cast<uint64_t>(ftell(file));
  if (tell_file_size <= 0) {
    std::cerr << "Input file of incorrect size: " << input_file << std::endl;
    fclose(file);
    return {};
  }
  const auto file_size = static_cast<size_t>(tell_file_size);
  if (0 != (file_size % sizeof(T))) {
    std::cerr << "File " << input_file
              << " does not contain an integral number of objects: "
              << file_size << " bytes in the file, require " << sizeof(T)
              << " bytes per object" << std::endl;
    fclose(file);
    return false;
  }
  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);

  buffer->clear();
  buffer->resize(file_size / sizeof(T));

  size_t bytes_read = fread(buffer->data(), 1, file_size, file);
  fclose(file);
  if (bytes_read != file_size) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to read " << input_file << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/// Writes the given `buffer` into the file named as `output_file` using the
/// given `mode`.  If `output_file` is empty or "-", writes to standard
/// output. If any error occurs, returns false and outputs error message to
/// standard error. The ContainerT type must have data() and size() methods,
/// like `std::string` and `std::vector` do.
/// @returns true on success
template <typename ContainerT>
bool WriteFile(const std::string& output_file,
               const std::string mode,
               const ContainerT& buffer) {
  const bool use_stdout = output_file.empty() || output_file == "-";
  FILE* file = stdout;

  if (!use_stdout) {
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    fopen_s(&file, output_file.c_str(), mode.c_str());
#else
    file = fopen(output_file.c_str(), mode.c_str());
#endif
    if (!file) {
      std::cerr << "Could not open file " << output_file << " for writing"
                << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }

  size_t written =
      fwrite(buffer.data(), sizeof(typename ContainerT::value_type),
             buffer.size(), file);
  if (buffer.size() != written) {
    if (use_stdout) {
      std::cerr << "Could not write all output to standard output" << std::endl;
    } else {
      std::cerr << "Could not write to file " << output_file << std::endl;
      fclose(file);
    }
    return false;
  }
  if (!use_stdout) {
    fclose(file);
  }

  return true;
}

#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
std::string Disassemble(const std::vector<uint32_t>& data) {
  std::string spv_errors;
  spv_target_env target_env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0;

  auto msg_consumer = [&spv_errors](spv_message_level_t level, const char*,
                                    const spv_position_t& position,
                                    const char* message) {
    switch (level) {
      case SPV_MSG_FATAL:
      case SPV_MSG_INTERNAL_ERROR:
      case SPV_MSG_ERROR:
        spv_errors += "error: line " + std::to_string(position.index) + ": " +
                      message + "\n";
        break;
      case SPV_MSG_WARNING:
        spv_errors += "warning: line " + std::to_string(position.index) + ": " +
                      message + "\n";
        break;
      case SPV_MSG_INFO:
        spv_errors += "info: line " + std::to_string(position.index) + ": " +
                      message + "\n";
        break;
      case SPV_MSG_DEBUG:
        break;
    }
  };

  spvtools::SpirvTools tools(target_env);
  tools.SetMessageConsumer(msg_consumer);

  std::string result;
  if (!tools.Disassemble(data, &result,
                         SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_INDENT |
                             SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_FRIENDLY_NAMES)) {
    std::cerr << spv_errors << std::endl;
  }
  return result;
}
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER

/// PrintWGSL writes the WGSL of the program to the provided ostream, if the
/// WGSL writer is enabled, otherwise it does nothing.
/// @param out the output stream to write the WGSL to
/// @param program the program
void PrintWGSL(std::ostream& out, const tint::Program& program) {
#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
  tint::writer::wgsl::Options options;
  auto result = tint::writer::wgsl::Generate(&program, options);
  out << std::endl << result.wgsl << std::endl;
#else
  (void)out;
  (void)program;
#endif
}

/// Generate SPIR-V code for a program.
/// @param program the program to generate
/// @param options the options that Tint was invoked with
/// @returns true on success
bool GenerateSpirv(const tint::Program* program, const Options& options) {
#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
  // TODO(jrprice): Provide a way for the user to set non-default options.
  tint::writer::spirv::Options gen_options;
  gen_options.disable_workgroup_init = options.disable_workgroup_init;
  auto result = tint::writer::spirv::Generate(program, gen_options);
  if (!result.success) {
    PrintWGSL(std::cerr, *program);
    std::cerr << "Failed to generate: " << result.error << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  if (options.format == Format::kSpvAsm) {
    if (!WriteFile(options.output_file, "w", Disassemble(result.spirv))) {
      return false;
    }
  } else {
    if (!WriteFile(options.output_file, "wb", result.spirv)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  if (options.validate) {
    // Use Vulkan 1.1, since this is what Tint, internally, uses.
    spvtools::SpirvTools tools(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
    tools.SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
                                const spv_position_t& pos, const char* msg) {
      std::cerr << (pos.line + 1) << ":" << (pos.column + 1) << ": " << msg
                << std::endl;
    });
    if (!tools.Validate(result.spirv.data(), result.spirv.size(),
                        spvtools::ValidatorOptions())) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
#else
  (void)program;
  (void)options;
  std::cerr << "SPIR-V writer not enabled in tint build" << std::endl;
  return false;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
}

/// Generate WGSL code for a program.
/// @param program the program to generate
/// @param options the options that Tint was invoked with
/// @returns true on success
bool GenerateWgsl(const tint::Program* program, const Options& options) {
#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
  // TODO(jrprice): Provide a way for the user to set non-default options.
  tint::writer::wgsl::Options gen_options;
  auto result = tint::writer::wgsl::Generate(program, gen_options);
  if (!result.success) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to generate: " << result.error << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  return WriteFile(options.output_file, "w", result.wgsl);
#else
  (void)program;
  (void)options;
  std::cerr << "WGSL writer not enabled in tint build" << std::endl;
  return false;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
}

/// Generate MSL code for a program.
/// @param program the program to generate
/// @param options the options that Tint was invoked with
/// @returns true on success
bool GenerateMsl(const tint::Program* program, const Options& options) {
#if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
  const tint::Program* input_program = program;

  // Remap resource numbers to a flat namespace.
  // TODO(crbug.com/tint/1101): Make this more robust for multiple entry points.
  using BindingPoint = tint::transform::BindingPoint;
  tint::transform::BindingRemapper::BindingPoints binding_points;
  uint32_t next_buffer_idx = 0;
  uint32_t next_sampler_idx = 0;
  uint32_t next_texture_idx = 0;

  tint::inspector::Inspector inspector(program);
  auto entry_points = inspector.GetEntryPoints();
  for (auto& entry_point : entry_points) {
    auto bindings = inspector.GetResourceBindings(entry_point.name);
    for (auto& binding : bindings) {
      BindingPoint src = {binding.bind_group, binding.binding};
      if (binding_points.count(src)) {
        continue;
      }
      switch (binding.resource_type) {
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kUniformBuffer:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kStorageBuffer:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::
            kReadOnlyStorageBuffer:
          binding_points.emplace(src, BindingPoint{0, next_buffer_idx++});
          break;
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kSampler:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kComparisonSampler:
          binding_points.emplace(src, BindingPoint{0, next_sampler_idx++});
          break;
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kSampledTexture:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::
            kMultisampledTexture:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::
            kWriteOnlyStorageTexture:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kDepthTexture:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::
            kDepthMultisampledTexture:
        case tint::inspector::ResourceBinding::ResourceType::kExternalTexture:
          binding_points.emplace(src, BindingPoint{0, next_texture_idx++});
          break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Run the binding remapper transform.
  tint::transform::Output transform_output;
  if (!binding_points.empty()) {
    tint::transform::Manager manager;
    tint::transform::DataMap inputs;
    inputs.Add<tint::transform::BindingRemapper::Remappings>(
        std::move(binding_points),
        tint::transform::BindingRemapper::AccessControls{},
        /* mayCollide */ true);
    manager.Add<tint::transform::BindingRemapper>();
    transform_output = manager.Run(program, inputs);
    input_program = &transform_output.program;
  }

  // TODO(jrprice): Provide a way for the user to set non-default options.
  tint::writer::msl::Options gen_options;
  gen_options.disable_workgroup_init = options.disable_workgroup_init;
  auto result = tint::writer::msl::Generate(input_program, gen_options);
  if (!result.success) {
    PrintWGSL(std::cerr, *program);
    std::cerr << "Failed to generate: " << result.error << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  if (!WriteFile(options.output_file, "w", result.msl)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (options.validate) {
    tint::val::Result res;
#ifdef TINT_ENABLE_MSL_VALIDATION_USING_METAL_API
    res = tint::val::MslUsingMetalAPI(result.msl);
#else
#ifdef _WIN32
    const char* default_xcrun_exe = "metal.exe";
#else
    const char* default_xcrun_exe = "xcrun";
#endif
    auto xcrun = tint::utils::Command::LookPath(
        options.xcrun_path.empty() ? default_xcrun_exe : options.xcrun_path);
    if (xcrun.Found()) {
      res = tint::val::Msl(xcrun.Path(), result.msl);
    } else {
      res.output = "xcrun executable not found. Cannot validate.";
      res.failed = true;
    }
#endif  // TINT_ENABLE_MSL_VALIDATION_USING_METAL_API
    if (res.failed) {
      std::cerr << res.output << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
#else
  (void)program;
  (void)options;
  std::cerr << "MSL writer not enabled in tint build" << std::endl;
  return false;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
}

/// Generate HLSL code for a program.
/// @param program the program to generate
/// @param options the options that Tint was invoked with
/// @returns true on success
bool GenerateHlsl(const tint::Program* program, const Options& options) {
#if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
  // TODO(jrprice): Provide a way for the user to set non-default options.
  tint::writer::hlsl::Options gen_options;
  gen_options.disable_workgroup_init = options.disable_workgroup_init;
  auto result = tint::writer::hlsl::Generate(program, gen_options);
  if (!result.success) {
    PrintWGSL(std::cerr, *program);
    std::cerr << "Failed to generate: " << result.error << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  if (!WriteFile(options.output_file, "w", result.hlsl)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (options.validate) {
    tint::val::Result res;
    if (options.use_fxc) {
#ifdef _WIN32
      res = tint::val::HlslUsingFXC(result.hlsl, result.entry_points);
#else
      res.failed = true;
      res.output = "FXC can only be used on Windows. Sorry :X";
#endif  // _WIN32
    } else {
      auto dxc = tint::utils::Command::LookPath(
          options.dxc_path.empty() ? "dxc" : options.dxc_path);
      if (dxc.Found()) {
        res = tint::val::HlslUsingDXC(dxc.Path(), result.hlsl,
                                      result.entry_points);
      } else {
        res.failed = true;
        res.output = "DXC executable not found. Cannot validate";
      }
    }
    if (res.failed) {
      std::cerr << res.output << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
#else
  (void)program;
  (void)options;
  std::cerr << "HLSL writer not enabled in tint build" << std::endl;
  return false;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
}

#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
EShLanguage pipeline_stage_to_esh_language(tint::ast::PipelineStage stage) {
  switch (stage) {
    case tint::ast::PipelineStage::kFragment:
      return EShLangFragment;
    case tint::ast::PipelineStage::kVertex:
      return EShLangVertex;
    case tint::ast::PipelineStage::kCompute:
      return EShLangCompute;
    default:
      TINT_ASSERT(AST, false);
      return EShLangVertex;
  }
}
#endif

/// Generate GLSL code for a program.
/// @param program the program to generate
/// @param options the options that Tint was invoked with
/// @returns true on success
bool GenerateGlsl(const tint::Program* program, const Options& options) {
#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
  bool success = true;
  if (options.validate) {
    glslang::InitializeProcess();
  }
  tint::writer::glsl::Options gen_options;
  tint::inspector::Inspector inspector(program);
  for (auto& entry_point : inspector.GetEntryPoints()) {
    auto result =
        tint::writer::glsl::Generate(program, gen_options, entry_point.name);
    if (!result.success) {
      PrintWGSL(std::cerr, *program);
      std::cerr << "Failed to generate: " << result.error << std::endl;
      return false;
    }

    if (!WriteFile(options.output_file, "w", result.glsl)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (options.validate) {
      for (auto entry_pt : result.entry_points) {
        EShLanguage lang = pipeline_stage_to_esh_language(entry_pt.second);
        glslang::TShader shader(lang);
        const char* strings[1] = {result.glsl.c_str()};
        int lengths[1] = {static_cast<int>(result.glsl.length())};
        shader.setStringsWithLengths(strings, lengths, 1);
        shader.setEntryPoint("main");
        bool glslang_result =
            shader.parse(&glslang::DefaultTBuiltInResource, 310, EEsProfile,
                         false, false, EShMsgDefault);
        if (!glslang_result) {
          std::cerr << "Error parsing GLSL shader:\n"
                    << shader.getInfoLog() << "\n"
                    << shader.getInfoDebugLog() << "\n";
          success = false;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return success;
#else
  (void)program;
  (void)options;
  std::cerr << "GLSL writer not enabled in tint build" << std::endl;
  return false;
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
}

}  // namespace

int main(int argc, const char** argv) {
  std::vector<std::string> args(argv, argv + argc);
  Options options;

  tint::SetInternalCompilerErrorReporter(&TintInternalCompilerErrorReporter);

#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
  tint::Program::printer = [](const tint::Program* program) {
    auto result = tint::writer::wgsl::Generate(program, {});
    if (!result.error.empty()) {
      return "error: " + result.error;
    }
    return result.wgsl;
  };
#endif  //  TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER

  if (!ParseArgs(args, &options)) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to parse arguments." << std::endl;
    return 1;
  }

  if (options.show_help) {
    std::cout << kUsage << std::endl;
    return 0;
  }

  // Implement output format defaults.
  if (options.format == Format::kNone) {
    // Try inferring from filename.
    options.format = infer_format(options.output_file);
  }
  if (options.format == Format::kNone) {
    // Ultimately, default to SPIR-V assembly. That's nice for interactive use.
    options.format = Format::kSpvAsm;
  }

  auto diag_printer = tint::diag::Printer::create(stderr, true);
  tint::diag::Formatter diag_formatter;

  std::unique_ptr<tint::Program> program;
  std::unique_ptr<tint::Source::File> source_file;
#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_READER
  if (options.input_filename.size() > 5 &&
      options.input_filename.substr(options.input_filename.size() - 5) ==
          ".wgsl") {
    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
    if (!ReadFile<uint8_t>(options.input_filename, &data)) {
      return 1;
    }
    source_file = std::make_unique<tint::Source::File>(
        options.input_filename, std::string(data.begin(), data.end()));
    program = std::make_unique<tint::Program>(
        tint::reader::wgsl::Parse(source_file.get()));
  }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_READER

#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
  // Handle SPIR-V binary input, in files ending with .spv
  if (options.input_filename.size() > 4 &&
      options.input_filename.substr(options.input_filename.size() - 4) ==
          ".spv") {
    std::vector<uint32_t> data;
    if (!ReadFile<uint32_t>(options.input_filename, &data)) {
      return 1;
    }
    program = std::make_unique<tint::Program>(tint::reader::spirv::Parse(data));
  }
  // Handle SPIR-V assembly input, in files ending with .spvasm
  if (options.input_filename.size() > 7 &&
      options.input_filename.substr(options.input_filename.size() - 7) ==
          ".spvasm") {
    std::vector<char> text;
    if (!ReadFile<char>(options.input_filename, &text)) {
      return 1;
    }
    // Use Vulkan 1.1, since this is what Tint, internally, is expecting.
    spvtools::SpirvTools tools(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
    tools.SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
                                const spv_position_t& pos, const char* msg) {
      std::cerr << (pos.line + 1) << ":" << (pos.column + 1) << ": " << msg
                << std::endl;
    });
    std::vector<uint32_t> data;
    if (!tools.Assemble(text.data(), text.size(), &data,
                        SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS)) {
      return 1;
    }
    program = std::make_unique<tint::Program>(tint::reader::spirv::Parse(data));
  }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER

  if (!program) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to create reader for input file: "
              << options.input_filename << std::endl;
    return 1;
  }
  if (program->Diagnostics().count() > 0) {
    diag_formatter.format(program->Diagnostics(), diag_printer.get());
  }

  if (!program->IsValid()) {
    return 1;
  }
  if (options.parse_only) {
    return 1;
  }

  tint::transform::Manager transform_manager;
  tint::transform::DataMap transform_inputs;
  for (const auto& name : options.transforms) {
    // TODO(dsinclair): The vertex pulling transform requires setup code to
    // be run that needs user input. Should we find a way to support that here
    // maybe through a provided file?

    if (name == "first_index_offset") {
      transform_inputs.Add<tint::transform::FirstIndexOffset::BindingPoint>(0,
                                                                            0);
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::FirstIndexOffset>();
    } else if (name == "fold_trivial_single_use_lets") {
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::FoldTrivialSingleUseLets>();
    } else if (name == "renamer") {
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::Renamer>();
    } else if (name == "robustness") {
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::Robustness>();
    } else {
      std::cerr << "Unknown transform name: " << name << std::endl;
      return 1;
    }
  }

  if (options.emit_single_entry_point) {
    transform_manager.append(
        std::make_unique<tint::transform::SingleEntryPoint>());
    transform_inputs.Add<tint::transform::SingleEntryPoint::Config>(
        options.ep_name);
  }

  switch (options.format) {
    case Format::kMsl: {
#if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
      transform_inputs.Add<tint::transform::Renamer::Config>(
          tint::transform::Renamer::Target::kMslKeywords);
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::Renamer>();
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
      break;
    }
#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
    case Format::kGlsl: {
      transform_inputs.Add<tint::transform::Renamer::Config>(
          tint::transform::Renamer::Target::kGlslKeywords);
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::Renamer>();
      break;
    }
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
    case Format::kHlsl: {
#if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
      transform_inputs.Add<tint::transform::Renamer::Config>(
          tint::transform::Renamer::Target::kHlslKeywords);
      transform_manager.Add<tint::transform::Renamer>();
#endif  // TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
  }

  auto out = transform_manager.Run(program.get(), std::move(transform_inputs));
  if (!out.program.IsValid()) {
    PrintWGSL(std::cerr, out.program);
    diag_formatter.format(out.program.Diagnostics(), diag_printer.get());
    return 1;
  }

  *program = std::move(out.program);

  if (options.dump_inspector_bindings) {
    std::cout << std::string(80, '-') << std::endl;
    tint::inspector::Inspector inspector(program.get());
    auto entry_points = inspector.GetEntryPoints();
    if (!inspector.error().empty()) {
      std::cerr << "Failed to get entry points from Inspector: "
                << inspector.error() << std::endl;
      return 1;
    }

    for (auto& entry_point : entry_points) {
      auto bindings = inspector.GetResourceBindings(entry_point.name);
      if (!inspector.error().empty()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to get bindings from Inspector: "
                  << inspector.error() << std::endl;
        return 1;
      }
      std::cout << "Entry Point = " << entry_point.name << std::endl;
      for (auto& binding : bindings) {
        std::cout << "\t[" << binding.bind_group << "][" << binding.binding
                  << "]:" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\t\t resource_type = "
                  << ResourceTypeToString(binding.resource_type) << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\t\t dim = " << TextureDimensionToString(binding.dim)
                  << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\t\t sampled_kind = "
                  << SampledKindToString(binding.sampled_kind) << std::endl;
        std::cout << "\t\t image_format = "
                  << ImageFormatToString(binding.image_format) << std::endl;
      }
    }
    std::cout << std::string(80, '-') << std::endl;
  }

  bool success = false;
  switch (options.format) {
    case Format::kSpirv:
    case Format::kSpvAsm:
      success = GenerateSpirv(program.get(), options);
      break;
    case Format::kWgsl:
      success = GenerateWgsl(program.get(), options);
      break;
    case Format::kMsl:
      success = GenerateMsl(program.get(), options);
      break;
    case Format::kHlsl:
      success = GenerateHlsl(program.get(), options);
      break;
    case Format::kGlsl:
      success = GenerateGlsl(program.get(), options);
      break;
    default:
      std::cerr << "Unknown output format specified" << std::endl;
      return 1;
  }
  if (!success) {
    return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}