tint/ast: Migrate to utils::Vector

Change-Id: I10dd2feeaeb86a1ee7769d2bfd172e49c2805cb3
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/97843
Reviewed-by: Dan Sinclair <dsinclair@chromium.org>
Kokoro: Kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Ben Clayton <bclayton@google.com>

src/tint/BUILD.gn

@@ -1110,6 +1110,7 @@ if (tint_build_unittests) {
       "resolver/function_validation_test.cc",
       "resolver/host_shareable_validation_test.cc",
       "resolver/increment_decrement_validation_test.cc",
+      "resolver/inferred_type_test.cc",
       "resolver/intrinsic_table_test.cc",
       "resolver/is_host_shareable_test.cc",
       "resolver/is_storeable_test.cc",

src/tint/ast/array.cc

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "src/tint/ast/array.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ Array::Array(ProgramID pid,
              const Source& src,
              const Type* subtype,
              const Expression* cnt,
-             AttributeList attrs)
+             utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src), type(subtype), count(cnt), attributes(attrs) {}
+    : Base(pid, nid, src), type(subtype), count(cnt), attributes(std::move(attrs)) {}
 
 Array::Array(Array&&) = default;
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ const Array* Array::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto* ty = ctx->Clone(type);
     auto* cnt = ctx->Clone(count);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<Array>(src, ty, cnt, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<Array>(src, ty, cnt, std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/array.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class Array final : public Castable<Array, Type> {
           const Source& src,
           const Type* subtype,
           const Expression* count,
-          AttributeList attributes);
+          utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
     /// Move constructor
     Array(Array&&);
     ~Array() override;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class Array final : public Castable<Array, Type> {
     const Expression* const count;
 
     /// the array attributes
-    const AttributeList attributes;
+    const utils::Vector<const Attribute*, 1> attributes;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/array_test.cc

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ using AstArrayTest = TestHelper;
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, CreateSizedArray) {
     auto* u32 = create<U32>();
     auto* count = Expr(3_u);
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(u32, count, AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(u32, count, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->type, u32);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->count, count);
     EXPECT_TRUE(arr->Is<Array>());
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ TEST_F(AstArrayTest, CreateSizedArray) {
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, CreateRuntimeArray) {
     auto* u32 = create<U32>();
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(u32, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(u32, nullptr, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->type, u32);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->count, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(arr->Is<Array>());
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ TEST_F(AstArrayTest, CreateRuntimeArray) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, CreateInferredTypeArray) {
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(nullptr, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(nullptr, nullptr, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->count, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(arr->Is<Array>());
@@ -52,35 +52,35 @@ TEST_F(AstArrayTest, CreateInferredTypeArray) {
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, FriendlyName_RuntimeSized) {
     auto* i32 = create<I32>();
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, nullptr, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->FriendlyName(Symbols()), "array<i32>");
 }
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, FriendlyName_LiteralSized) {
     auto* i32 = create<I32>();
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, Expr(5_u), AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, Expr(5_u), utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->FriendlyName(Symbols()), "array<i32, 5>");
 }
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, FriendlyName_ConstantSized) {
     auto* i32 = create<I32>();
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, Expr("size"), AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, Expr("size"), utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->FriendlyName(Symbols()), "array<i32, size>");
 }
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, FriendlyName_WithStride) {
     auto* i32 = create<I32>();
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, Expr(5_u), AttributeList{create<StrideAttribute>(32u)});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(i32, Expr(5_u), utils::Vector{create<StrideAttribute>(32u)});
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->FriendlyName(Symbols()), "@stride(32) array<i32, 5>");
 }
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, FriendlyName_InferredTypeAndCount) {
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(nullptr, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(nullptr, nullptr, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->FriendlyName(Symbols()), "array");
 }
 
 TEST_F(AstArrayTest, FriendlyName_InferredTypeAndCount_WithStrize) {
-    auto* arr = create<Array>(nullptr, nullptr, AttributeList{create<StrideAttribute>(32u)});
+    auto* arr = create<Array>(nullptr, nullptr, utils::Vector{create<StrideAttribute>(32u)});
     EXPECT_EQ(arr->FriendlyName(Symbols()), "@stride(32) array");
 }
 

src/tint/ast/attribute.h

@@ -38,13 +38,10 @@ class Attribute : public Castable<Attribute, Node> {
     Attribute(ProgramID pid, NodeID nid, const Source& src) : Base(pid, nid, src) {}
 };
 
-/// A list of attributes
-using AttributeList = std::vector<const Attribute*>;
-
 /// @param attributes the list of attributes to search
 /// @returns true if `attributes` includes a attribute of type `T`
 template <typename... Ts>
-bool HasAttribute(const AttributeList& attributes) {
+bool HasAttribute(utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes) {
     for (auto* attr : attributes) {
         if (attr->IsAnyOf<Ts...>()) {
             return true;
@@ -56,7 +53,7 @@ bool HasAttribute(const AttributeList& attributes) {
 /// @param attributes the list of attributes to search
 /// @returns a pointer to `T` from `attributes` if found, otherwise nullptr.
 template <typename T>
-const T* GetAttribute(const AttributeList& attributes) {
+const T* GetAttribute(utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes) {
     for (auto* attr : attributes) {
         if (attr->Is<T>()) {
             return attr->As<T>();

src/tint/ast/block_statement.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace tint::ast {
 BlockStatement::BlockStatement(ProgramID pid,
                                NodeID nid,
                                const Source& src,
-                               const StatementList& stmts)
+                               utils::VectorRef<const Statement*> stmts)
     : Base(pid, nid, src), statements(std::move(stmts)) {
     for (auto* stmt : statements) {
         TINT_ASSERT(AST, stmt);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const BlockStatement* BlockStatement::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     // Clone arguments outside of create() call to have deterministic ordering
     auto src = ctx->Clone(source);
     auto stmts = ctx->Clone(statements);
-    return ctx->dst->create<BlockStatement>(src, stmts);
+    return ctx->dst->create<BlockStatement>(src, std::move(stmts));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/block_statement.h

@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ class BlockStatement final : public Castable<BlockStatement, Statement> {
     BlockStatement(ProgramID pid,
                    NodeID nid,
                    const Source& source,
-                   const StatementList& statements);
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Statement*> statements);
     /// Move constructor
     BlockStatement(BlockStatement&&);
     ~BlockStatement() override;
 
     /// @returns true if the block has no statements
-    bool Empty() const { return statements.empty(); }
+    bool Empty() const { return statements.IsEmpty(); }
 
     /// @returns the last statement in the block or nullptr if block empty
-    const Statement* Last() const { return statements.empty() ? nullptr : statements.back(); }
+    const Statement* Last() const { return statements.IsEmpty() ? nullptr : statements.Back(); }
 
     /// Clones this node and all transitive child nodes using the `CloneContext`
     /// `ctx`.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class BlockStatement final : public Castable<BlockStatement, Statement> {
     const BlockStatement* Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const override;
 
     /// the statement list
-    const StatementList statements;
+    const utils::Vector<const Statement*, 8> statements;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/block_statement_test.cc

@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ TEST_F(BlockStatementTest, Creation) {
     auto* d = create<DiscardStatement>();
     auto* ptr = d;
 
-    auto* b = create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{d});
+    auto* b = create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector{d});
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(b->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(b->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(b->statements[0], ptr);
 }
 
 TEST_F(BlockStatementTest, Creation_WithSource) {
-    auto* b = create<BlockStatement>(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, ast::StatementList{});
+    auto* b = create<BlockStatement>(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, utils::Empty);
     auto src = b->source;
     EXPECT_EQ(src.range.begin.line, 20u);
     EXPECT_EQ(src.range.begin.column, 2u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(BlockStatementTest, IsBlock) {
-    auto* b = create<BlockStatement>(ast::StatementList{});
+    auto* b = create<BlockStatement>(utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_TRUE(b->Is<BlockStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ TEST_F(BlockStatementTest, Assert_Null_Statement) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<BlockStatement>(ast::StatementList{nullptr});
+            b.create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 1>{nullptr});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ TEST_F(BlockStatementTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Statement) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<BlockStatement>(ast::StatementList{b2.create<DiscardStatement>()});
+            b1.create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector{b2.create<DiscardStatement>()});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }

src/tint/ast/builtin_texture_helper_test.cc

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ TextureOverloadCase::TextureOverloadCase(ValidTextureOverload o,
                                          ast::TextureDimension dims,
                                          TextureDataType datatype,
                                          const char* f,
-                                         std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)> a)
+                                         std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)> a)
     : overload(o),
       description(desc),
       texture_kind(tk),
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ TextureOverloadCase::TextureOverloadCase(ValidTextureOverload o,
                                          ast::TextureDimension dims,
                                          TextureDataType datatype,
                                          const char* f,
-                                         std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)> a)
+                                         std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)> a)
     : overload(o),
       description(desc),
       texture_kind(tk),
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ TextureOverloadCase::TextureOverloadCase(ValidTextureOverload o,
                                          ast::TextureDimension dims,
                                          TextureDataType datatype,
                                          const char* f,
-                                         std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)> a)
+                                         std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)> a)
     : overload(o),
       description(d),
       texture_kind(TextureKind::kStorage),
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ const ast::Type* TextureOverloadCase::BuildResultVectorComponentType(ProgramBuil
 }
 
 const ast::Variable* TextureOverloadCase::BuildTextureVariable(ProgramBuilder* b) const {
-    AttributeList attrs = {
+    utils::Vector attrs{
         b->create<ast::GroupAttribute>(0u),
         b->create<ast::BindingAttribute>(0u),
     };
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ const ast::Variable* TextureOverloadCase::BuildTextureVariable(ProgramBuilder* b
 }
 
 const ast::Variable* TextureOverloadCase::BuildSamplerVariable(ProgramBuilder* b) const {
-    AttributeList attrs = {
+    utils::Vector attrs = {
         b->create<ast::GroupAttribute>(0u),
         b->create<ast::BindingAttribute>(1u),
     };

src/tint/ast/builtin_texture_helper_test.h

@@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ bool ReturnsVoid(ValidTextureOverload texture_overload);
 
 /// Describes a texture builtin overload
 struct TextureOverloadCase {
+    /// Args is a list of ast::Expression used as arguments to the texture overload case.
+    using Args = utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8>;
+
     /// Constructor for textureSample...() functions
     TextureOverloadCase(ValidTextureOverload,
                         const char*,
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ struct TextureOverloadCase {
                         ast::TextureDimension,
                         TextureDataType,
                         const char*,
-                        std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)>);
+                        std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)>);
     /// Constructor for textureLoad() functions with non-storage textures
     TextureOverloadCase(ValidTextureOverload,
                         const char*,
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ struct TextureOverloadCase {
                         ast::TextureDimension,
                         TextureDataType,
                         const char*,
-                        std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)>);
+                        std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)>);
     /// Constructor for textureLoad() with storage textures
     TextureOverloadCase(ValidTextureOverload,
                         const char*,
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ struct TextureOverloadCase {
                         ast::TextureDimension,
                         TextureDataType,
                         const char*,
-                        std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)>);
+                        std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)>);
     /// Copy constructor
     TextureOverloadCase(const TextureOverloadCase&);
     /// Destructor
@@ -246,7 +249,7 @@ struct TextureOverloadCase {
     /// Name of the function. e.g. `textureSample`, `textureSampleGrad`, etc
     const char* const function;
     /// A function that builds the AST arguments for the overload
-    std::function<ExpressionList(ProgramBuilder*)> const args;
+    std::function<Args(ProgramBuilder*)> const args;
 };
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TextureOverloadCase& data);

src/tint/ast/call_expression.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/call_expression.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::CallExpression);
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ CallExpression::CallExpression(ProgramID pid,
                                NodeID nid,
                                const Source& src,
                                const IdentifierExpression* name,
-                               ExpressionList a)
+                               utils::VectorRef<const Expression*> a)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src), target(ToTarget(name)), args(a) {
+    : Base(pid, nid, src), target(ToTarget(name)), args(std::move(a)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, name);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, name, program_id);
     for (auto* arg : args) {
@@ -51,8 +53,8 @@ CallExpression::CallExpression(ProgramID pid,
                                NodeID nid,
                                const Source& src,
                                const Type* type,
-                               ExpressionList a)
+                               utils::VectorRef<const Expression*> a)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src), target(ToTarget(type)), args(a) {
+    : Base(pid, nid, src), target(ToTarget(type)), args(std::move(a)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, type);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, type, program_id);
     for (auto* arg : args) {
@@ -69,8 +71,9 @@ const CallExpression* CallExpression::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     // Clone arguments outside of create() call to have deterministic ordering
     auto src = ctx->Clone(source);
     auto p = ctx->Clone(args);
-    return target.name ? ctx->dst->create<CallExpression>(src, ctx->Clone(target.name), p)
+    return target.name
-                       : ctx->dst->create<CallExpression>(src, ctx->Clone(target.type), p);
+               ? ctx->dst->create<CallExpression>(src, ctx->Clone(target.name), std::move(p))
+               : ctx->dst->create<CallExpression>(src, ctx->Clone(target.type), std::move(p));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/call_expression.h

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class CallExpression final : public Castable<CallExpression, Expression> {
                    NodeID nid,
                    const Source& source,
                    const IdentifierExpression* name,
-                   ExpressionList args);
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Expression*> args);
 
     /// Constructor
     /// @param pid the identifier of the program that owns this node
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class CallExpression final : public Castable<CallExpression, Expression> {
                    NodeID nid,
                    const Source& source,
                    const Type* type,
-                   ExpressionList args);
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Expression*> args);
 
     /// Move constructor
     CallExpression(CallExpression&&);
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class CallExpression final : public Castable<CallExpression, Expression> {
     const Target target;
 
     /// The arguments
-    const ExpressionList args;
+    const utils::Vector<const Expression*, 8> args;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/call_expression_test.cc

@@ -22,23 +22,24 @@ using CallExpressionTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, CreationIdentifier) {
     auto* func = Expr("func");
-    ExpressionList params;
+    utils::Vector params{
-    params.push_back(Expr("param1"));
+        Expr("param1"),
-    params.push_back(Expr("param2"));
+        Expr("param2"),
+    };
 
     auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(func, params);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.name, func);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.type, nullptr);
 
     const auto& vec = stmt->args;
-    ASSERT_EQ(vec.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(vec.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(vec[0], params[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(vec[1], params[1]);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, CreationIdentifier_WithSource) {
     auto* func = Expr("func");
-    auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(Source{{20, 2}}, func, ExpressionList{});
+    auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(Source{{20, 2}}, func, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.name, func);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.type, nullptr);
 
@@ -49,23 +50,24 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, CreationIdentifier_WithSource) {
 
 TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, CreationType) {
     auto* type = ty.f32();
-    ExpressionList params;
+    utils::Vector params{
-    params.push_back(Expr("param1"));
+        Expr("param1"),
-    params.push_back(Expr("param2"));
+        Expr("param2"),
+    };
 
     auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(type, params);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.name, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.type, type);
 
     const auto& vec = stmt->args;
-    ASSERT_EQ(vec.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(vec.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(vec[0], params[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(vec[1], params[1]);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, CreationType_WithSource) {
     auto* type = ty.f32();
-    auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(Source{{20, 2}}, type, ExpressionList{});
+    auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(Source{{20, 2}}, type, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.name, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->target.type, type);
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, CreationType_WithSource) {
 
 TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, IsCall) {
     auto* func = Expr("func");
-    auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(func, ExpressionList{});
+    auto* stmt = create<CallExpression>(func, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_TRUE(stmt->Is<CallExpression>());
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, Assert_Null_Identifier) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<CallExpression>(static_cast<IdentifierExpression*>(nullptr), ExpressionList{});
+            b.create<CallExpression>(static_cast<IdentifierExpression*>(nullptr), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, Assert_Null_Type) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<CallExpression>(static_cast<Type*>(nullptr), ExpressionList{});
+            b.create<CallExpression>(static_cast<Type*>(nullptr), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -102,11 +104,11 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, Assert_Null_Param) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            ExpressionList params;
+            b.create<CallExpression>(b.Expr("func"), utils::Vector{
-            params.push_back(b.Expr("param1"));
+                                                         b.Expr("param1"),
-            params.push_back(nullptr);
+                                                         nullptr,
-            params.push_back(b.Expr("param2"));
+                                                         b.Expr("param2"),
-            b.create<CallExpression>(b.Expr("func"), params);
+                                                     });
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Identifier) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<CallExpression>(b2.Expr("func"), ExpressionList{});
+            b1.create<CallExpression>(b2.Expr("func"), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Type) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<CallExpression>(b2.ty.f32(), ExpressionList{});
+            b1.create<CallExpression>(b2.ty.f32(), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ TEST_F(CallExpressionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Param) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<CallExpression>(b1.Expr("func"), ExpressionList{b2.Expr("param1")});
+            b1.create<CallExpression>(b1.Expr("func"), utils::Vector{b2.Expr("param1")});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }

src/tint/ast/call_statement_test.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace {
 using CallStatementTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(CallStatementTest, Creation) {
-    auto* expr = create<CallExpression>(Expr("func"), ExpressionList{});
+    auto* expr = create<CallExpression>(Expr("func"), utils::Empty);
 
     auto* c = create<CallStatement>(expr);
     EXPECT_EQ(c->expr, expr);
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ TEST_F(CallStatementTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Call) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<CallStatement>(b2.create<CallExpression>(b2.Expr("func"), ExpressionList{}));
+            b1.create<CallStatement>(b2.create<CallExpression>(b2.Expr("func"), utils::Empty));
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }

src/tint/ast/case_statement.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/case_statement.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::CaseStatement);
@@ -23,9 +25,9 @@ namespace tint::ast {
 CaseStatement::CaseStatement(ProgramID pid,
                              NodeID nid,
                              const Source& src,
-                             CaseSelectorList s,
+                             utils::VectorRef<const IntLiteralExpression*> s,
                              const BlockStatement* b)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src), selectors(s), body(b) {
+    : Base(pid, nid, src), selectors(std::move(s)), body(b) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, body);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, body, program_id);
     for (auto* selector : selectors) {
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ const CaseStatement* CaseStatement::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto src = ctx->Clone(source);
     auto sel = ctx->Clone(selectors);
     auto* b = ctx->Clone(body);
-    return ctx->dst->create<CaseStatement>(src, sel, b);
+    return ctx->dst->create<CaseStatement>(src, std::move(sel), b);
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/case_statement.h

@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@
 
 namespace tint::ast {
 
-/// A list of case literals
-using CaseSelectorList = std::vector<const IntLiteralExpression*>;
-
 /// A case statement
 class CaseStatement final : public Castable<CaseStatement, Statement> {
   public:
@@ -37,14 +34,14 @@ class CaseStatement final : public Castable<CaseStatement, Statement> {
     CaseStatement(ProgramID pid,
                   NodeID nid,
                   const Source& src,
-                  CaseSelectorList selectors,
+                  utils::VectorRef<const IntLiteralExpression*> selectors,
                   const BlockStatement* body);
     /// Move constructor
     CaseStatement(CaseStatement&&);
     ~CaseStatement() override;
 
     /// @returns true if this is a default statement
-    bool IsDefault() const { return selectors.empty(); }
+    bool IsDefault() const { return selectors.IsEmpty(); }
 
     /// Clones this node and all transitive child nodes using the `CloneContext`
     /// `ctx`.
@@ -53,15 +50,12 @@ class CaseStatement final : public Castable<CaseStatement, Statement> {
     const CaseStatement* Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const override;
 
     /// The case selectors, empty if none set
-    const CaseSelectorList selectors;
+    const utils::Vector<const IntLiteralExpression*, 4> selectors;
 
     /// The case body
     const BlockStatement* const body;
 };
 
-/// A list of case statements
-using CaseStatementList = std::vector<const CaseStatement*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_CASE_STATEMENT_H_

src/tint/ast/case_statement_test.cc

@@ -27,40 +27,37 @@ namespace {
 using CaseStatementTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Creation_i32) {
-    CaseSelectorList b;
     auto* selector = Expr(2_i);
-    b.push_back(selector);
+    utils::Vector b{selector};
 
     auto* discard = create<DiscardStatement>();
-    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{discard});
+    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector{discard});
 
     auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(b, body);
-    ASSERT_EQ(c->selectors.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(c->selectors.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(c->selectors[0], selector);
-    ASSERT_EQ(c->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(c->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(c->body->statements[0], discard);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Creation_u32) {
-    CaseSelectorList b;
     auto* selector = Expr(2_u);
-    b.push_back(selector);
+    utils::Vector b{selector};
 
     auto* discard = create<DiscardStatement>();
-    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{discard});
+    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector{discard});
 
     auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(b, body);
-    ASSERT_EQ(c->selectors.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(c->selectors.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(c->selectors[0], selector);
-    ASSERT_EQ(c->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(c->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(c->body->statements[0], discard);
 }
 
 TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Creation_WithSource) {
-    CaseSelectorList b;
+    utils::Vector b{Expr(2_i)};
-    b.push_back(Expr(2_i));
 
-    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{
+    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector{
         create<DiscardStatement>(),
     });
     auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, b, body);
@@ -70,23 +67,21 @@ TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Creation_WithSource) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, IsDefault_WithoutSelectors) {
-    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{
+    auto* body = create<BlockStatement>(utils::Vector{
         create<DiscardStatement>(),
     });
-    auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{}, body);
+    auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(utils::Empty, body);
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->IsDefault());
 }
 
 TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, IsDefault_WithSelectors) {
-    CaseSelectorList b;
+    utils::Vector b{Expr(2_i)};
-    b.push_back(Expr(2_i));
+    auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(b, create<BlockStatement>(utils::Empty));
-
-    auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(b, create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{}));
     EXPECT_FALSE(c->IsDefault());
 }
 
 TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, IsCase) {
-    auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{}, create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{}));
+    auto* c = create<CaseStatement>(utils::Empty, create<BlockStatement>(utils::Empty));
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->Is<CaseStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +89,7 @@ TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Assert_Null_Body) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{}, nullptr);
+            b.create<CaseStatement>(utils::Empty, nullptr);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -103,8 +98,8 @@ TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Assert_Null_Selector) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{nullptr},
+            b.create<CaseStatement>(utils::Vector<const ast::IntLiteralExpression*, 1>{nullptr},
-                                    b.create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{}));
+                                    b.create<BlockStatement>(utils::Empty));
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -114,8 +109,7 @@ TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Call) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{},
+            b1.create<CaseStatement>(utils::Empty, b2.create<BlockStatement>(utils::Empty));
-                                     b2.create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{}));
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -125,8 +119,8 @@ TEST_F(CaseStatementTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Selector) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{b2.Expr(2_i)},
+            b1.create<CaseStatement>(utils::Vector{b2.Expr(2_i)},
-                                     b1.create<BlockStatement>(StatementList{}));
+                                     b1.create<BlockStatement>(utils::Empty));
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }

src/tint/ast/const.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/const.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::Const);
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ Const::Const(ProgramID pid,
              const Symbol& sym,
              const ast::Type* ty,
              const Expression* ctor,
-             AttributeList attrs)
+             utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs) {
+    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, ctor != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ const Const* Const::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto* ty = ctx->Clone(type);
     auto* ctor = ctx->Clone(constructor);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<Const>(src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<Const>(src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/const.h

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class Const final : public Castable<Const, Variable> {
           const Symbol& sym,
           const ast::Type* type,
           const Expression* constructor,
-          AttributeList attributes);
+          utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Move constructor
     Const(Const&&);

src/tint/ast/enable.h

@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@ class Enable final : public Castable<Enable, Node> {
     const Extension extension;
 };
 
-/// A list of enables
-using EnableList = std::vector<const Enable*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_ENABLE_H_

src/tint/ast/expression.h

@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ class Expression : public Castable<Expression, Node> {
     Expression(Expression&&);
 };
 
-/// A list of expressions
-using ExpressionList = std::vector<const Expression*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_EXPRESSION_H_

src/tint/ast/function.cc

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ Function::Function(ProgramID pid,
                    NodeID nid,
                    const Source& src,
                    Symbol sym,
-                   ParameterList parameters,
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Parameter*> parameters,
                    const Type* return_ty,
                    const BlockStatement* b,
-                   AttributeList attrs,
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs,
-                   AttributeList return_type_attrs)
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> return_type_attrs)
     : Base(pid, nid, src),
       symbol(sym),
       params(std::move(parameters)),

src/tint/ast/function.h

@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ class Function final : public Castable<Function, Node> {
              NodeID nid,
              const Source& source,
              Symbol symbol,
-             ParameterList params,
+             utils::VectorRef<const Parameter*> params,
              const Type* return_type,
              const BlockStatement* body,
-             AttributeList attributes,
+             utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes,
-             AttributeList return_type_attributes);
+             utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> return_type_attributes);
     /// Move constructor
     Function(Function&&);
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class Function final : public Castable<Function, Node> {
     const Symbol symbol;
 
     /// The function params
-    const ParameterList params;
+    const utils::Vector<const Parameter*, 8> params;
 
     /// The function return type
     const Type* const return_type;
@@ -83,18 +83,18 @@ class Function final : public Castable<Function, Node> {
     const BlockStatement* const body;
 
     /// The attributes attached to this function
-    const AttributeList attributes;
+    const utils::Vector<const Attribute*, 2> attributes;
 
     /// The attributes attached to the function return type.
-    const AttributeList return_type_attributes;
+    const utils::Vector<const Attribute*, 2> return_type_attributes;
 };
 
 /// A list of functions
-class FunctionList : public std::vector<const Function*> {
+class FunctionList : public utils::Vector<const Function*, 8> {
   public:
     /// Appends f to the end of the list
     /// @param f the function to append to this list
-    void Add(const Function* f) { this->emplace_back(f); }
+    void Add(const Function* f) { this->Push(f); }
 
     /// Returns the function with the given name
     /// @param sym the function symbol to search for

src/tint/ast/function_test.cc

@@ -26,20 +26,20 @@ namespace {
 using FunctionTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(FunctionTest, Creation) {
-    ParameterList params{Param("var", ty.i32())};
+    utils::Vector params{Param("var", ty.i32())};
     auto* var = params[0];
 
-    auto* f = Func("func", params, ty.void_(), {});
+    auto* f = Func("func", params, ty.void_(), utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(f->symbol, Symbols().Get("func"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[0], var);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FunctionTest, Creation_WithSource) {
-    ParameterList params{Param("var", ty.i32())};
+    utils::Vector params{Param("var", ty.i32())};
 
-    auto* f = Func(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, "func", params, ty.void_(), {});
+    auto* f = Func(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, "func", params, ty.void_(), utils::Empty);
     auto src = f->source;
     EXPECT_EQ(src.range.begin.line, 20u);
     EXPECT_EQ(src.range.begin.column, 2u);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_InvalidName) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.Func("", {}, b.ty.void_(), {});
+            b.Func("", utils::Empty, b.ty.void_(), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -58,20 +58,20 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_Null_ReturnType) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.Func("f", {}, nullptr, {});
+            b.Func("f", utils::Empty, nullptr, utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
 
 TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_Null_Param) {
+    using ParamList = utils::Vector<const ast::Parameter*, 2>;
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            ParameterList params;
+            ParamList params;
-            params.push_back(b.Param("var", b.ty.i32()));
+            params.Push(b.Param("var", b.ty.i32()));
-            params.push_back(nullptr);
+            params.Push(nullptr);
-
+            b.Func("f", params, b.ty.void_(), utils::Empty);
-            b.Func("f", params, b.ty.void_(), {});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Symbol) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.Func(b2.Sym("func"), {}, b1.ty.void_(), {});
+            b1.Func(b2.Sym("func"), utils::Empty, b1.ty.void_(), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -91,7 +91,11 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Param) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.Func("func", {b2.Param("var", b2.ty.i32())}, b1.ty.void_(), {});
+            b1.Func("func",
+                    utils::Vector{
+                        b2.Param("var", b2.ty.i32()),
+                    },
+                    b1.ty.void_(), utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -101,8 +105,8 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Attr) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.Func("func", {}, b1.ty.void_(), {},
+            b1.Func("func", utils::Empty, b1.ty.void_(), utils::Empty,
-                    {
+                    utils::Vector{
                         b2.WorkgroupSize(2_i, 4_i, 6_i),
                     });
         },
@@ -114,8 +118,8 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_ReturnAttr) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.Func("func", {}, b1.ty.void_(), {}, {},
+            b1.Func("func", utils::Empty, b1.ty.void_(), utils::Empty, utils::Empty,
-                    {
+                    utils::Vector{
                         b2.WorkgroupSize(2_i, 4_i, 6_i),
                     });
         },
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ TEST_F(FunctionTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_ReturnAttr) {
 using FunctionListTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(FunctionListTest, FindSymbol) {
-    auto* func = Func("main", {}, ty.f32(), {});
+    auto* func = Func("main", utils::Empty, ty.f32(), utils::Empty);
     FunctionList list;
     list.Add(func);
     EXPECT_EQ(func, list.Find(Symbols().Register("main")));
@@ -137,12 +141,12 @@ TEST_F(FunctionListTest, FindSymbolMissing) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(FunctionListTest, FindSymbolStage) {
-    auto* fs = Func("main", {}, ty.f32(), {},
+    auto* fs = Func("main", utils::Empty, ty.f32(), utils::Empty,
-                    {
+                    utils::Vector{
                         Stage(PipelineStage::kFragment),
                     });
-    auto* vs = Func("main", {}, ty.f32(), {},
+    auto* vs = Func("main", utils::Empty, ty.f32(), utils::Empty,
-                    {
+                    utils::Vector{
                         Stage(PipelineStage::kVertex),
                     });
     FunctionList list;
@@ -154,8 +158,8 @@ TEST_F(FunctionListTest, FindSymbolStage) {
 
 TEST_F(FunctionListTest, FindSymbolStageMissing) {
     FunctionList list;
-    list.Add(Func("main", {}, ty.f32(), {},
+    list.Add(Func("main", utils::Empty, ty.f32(), utils::Empty,
-                  {
+                  utils::Vector{
                       Stage(PipelineStage::kFragment),
                   }));
     EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, list.Find(Symbols().Register("main"), PipelineStage::kVertex));
@@ -163,8 +167,8 @@ TEST_F(FunctionListTest, FindSymbolStageMissing) {
 
 TEST_F(FunctionListTest, HasStage) {
     FunctionList list;
-    list.Add(Func("main", {}, ty.f32(), {},
+    list.Add(Func("main", utils::Empty, ty.f32(), utils::Empty,
-                  {
+                  utils::Vector{
                       Stage(PipelineStage::kFragment),
                   }));
     EXPECT_TRUE(list.HasStage(PipelineStage::kFragment));

src/tint/ast/let.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/let.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::Let);
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ Let::Let(ProgramID pid,
          const Symbol& sym,
          const ast::Type* ty,
          const Expression* ctor,
-         AttributeList attrs)
+         utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs) {
+    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, ctor != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ const Let* Let::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto* ty = ctx->Clone(type);
     auto* ctor = ctx->Clone(constructor);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<Let>(src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<Let>(src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/let.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class Let final : public Castable<Let, Variable> {
         const Symbol& sym,
         const ast::Type* type,
         const Expression* constructor,
-        AttributeList attributes);
+        utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Move constructor
     Let(Let&&);

src/tint/ast/loop_statement_test.cc

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ TEST_F(LoopStatementTest, Creation) {
     auto* continuing = Block(create<DiscardStatement>());
 
     auto* l = create<LoopStatement>(body, continuing);
-    ASSERT_EQ(l->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(l->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(l->body->statements[0], b);
-    ASSERT_EQ(l->continuing->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(l->continuing->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(l->continuing->statements[0], continuing->Last());
 }
 

src/tint/ast/module.cc

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Module::Module(ProgramID pid, NodeID nid, const Source& src) : Base(pid, nid, sr
 Module::Module(ProgramID pid,
                NodeID nid,
                const Source& src,
-               std::vector<const ast::Node*> global_decls)
+               utils::VectorRef<const ast::Node*> global_decls)
     : Base(pid, nid, src), global_declarations_(std::move(global_decls)) {
     for (auto* decl : global_declarations_) {
         if (decl == nullptr) {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ const ast::TypeDecl* Module::LookupType(Symbol name) const {
 void Module::AddGlobalDeclaration(const tint::ast::Node* decl) {
     diag::List diags;
     BinGlobalDeclaration(decl, diags);
-    global_declarations_.emplace_back(decl);
+    global_declarations_.Push(decl);
 }
 
 void Module::BinGlobalDeclaration(const tint::ast::Node* decl, diag::List& diags) {
@@ -61,19 +61,19 @@ void Module::BinGlobalDeclaration(const tint::ast::Node* decl, diag::List& diags
         decl,  //
         [&](const ast::TypeDecl* type) {
             TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, type, program_id);
-            type_decls_.push_back(type);
+            type_decls_.Push(type);
         },
         [&](const Function* func) {
             TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, func, program_id);
-            functions_.push_back(func);
+            functions_.Push(func);
         },
         [&](const Variable* var) {
             TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, var, program_id);
-            global_variables_.push_back(var);
+            global_variables_.Push(var);
         },
         [&](const Enable* enable) {
             TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, enable, program_id);
-            enables_.push_back(enable);
+            enables_.Push(enable);
         },
         [&](Default) { TINT_ICE(AST, diags) << "Unknown global declaration type"; });
 }
@@ -81,29 +81,29 @@ void Module::BinGlobalDeclaration(const tint::ast::Node* decl, diag::List& diags
 void Module::AddEnable(const ast::Enable* enable) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, enable);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, enable, program_id);
-    global_declarations_.push_back(enable);
+    global_declarations_.Push(enable);
-    enables_.push_back(enable);
+    enables_.Push(enable);
 }
 
 void Module::AddGlobalVariable(const ast::Variable* var) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, var);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, var, program_id);
-    global_variables_.push_back(var);
+    global_variables_.Push(var);
-    global_declarations_.push_back(var);
+    global_declarations_.Push(var);
 }
 
 void Module::AddTypeDecl(const ast::TypeDecl* type) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, type);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, type, program_id);
-    type_decls_.push_back(type);
+    type_decls_.Push(type);
-    global_declarations_.push_back(type);
+    global_declarations_.Push(type);
 }
 
 void Module::AddFunction(const ast::Function* func) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, func);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, func, program_id);
-    functions_.push_back(func);
+    functions_.Push(func);
-    global_declarations_.push_back(func);
+    global_declarations_.Push(func);
 }
 
 const Module* Module::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ void Module::Copy(CloneContext* ctx, const Module* src) {
 
     // During the clone, declarations may have been placed into the module.
     // Clear everything out, as we're about to re-bin the declarations.
-    type_decls_.clear();
+    type_decls_.Clear();
-    functions_.clear();
+    functions_.Clear();
-    global_variables_.clear();
+    global_variables_.Clear();
-    enables_.clear();
+    enables_.Clear();
 
     for (auto* decl : global_declarations_) {
         if (!decl) {

src/tint/ast/module.h

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 #define SRC_TINT_AST_MODULE_H_
 
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/enable.h"
 #include "src/tint/ast/function.h"
 #include "src/tint/ast/type.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/vector.h"
 
 namespace tint::ast {
 
@@ -42,13 +42,16 @@ class Module final : public Castable<Module, Node> {
     /// @param src the source of this node
     /// @param global_decls the list of global types, functions, and variables, in
     /// the order they were declared in the source program
-    Module(ProgramID pid, NodeID nid, const Source& src, std::vector<const Node*> global_decls);
+    Module(ProgramID pid,
+           NodeID nid,
+           const Source& src,
+           utils::VectorRef<const ast::Node*> global_decls);
 
     /// Destructor
     ~Module() override;
 
     /// @returns the declaration-ordered global declarations for the module
-    const std::vector<const Node*>& GlobalDeclarations() const { return global_declarations_; }
+    const auto& GlobalDeclarations() const { return global_declarations_; }
 
     /// Add a enable directive to the Builder
     /// @param ext the enable directive to add
@@ -74,26 +77,26 @@ class Module final : public Castable<Module, Node> {
     void AddGlobalDeclaration(const tint::ast::Node* decl);
 
     /// @returns the global variables for the module
-    const VariableList& GlobalVariables() const { return global_variables_; }
+    const auto& GlobalVariables() const { return global_variables_; }
 
     /// @returns the global variables for the module
-    VariableList& GlobalVariables() { return global_variables_; }
+    auto& GlobalVariables() { return global_variables_; }
 
     /// @returns the global variable declarations of kind 'T' for the module
     template <typename T, typename = traits::EnableIfIsType<T, ast::Variable>>
-    std::vector<const T*> Globals() const {
+    auto Globals() const {
-        std::vector<const T*> out;
+        utils::Vector<const T*, 32> out;
-        out.reserve(global_variables_.size());
+        out.Reserve(global_variables_.Length());
         for (auto* global : global_variables_) {
             if (auto* var = global->As<T>()) {
-                out.emplace_back(var);
+                out.Push(var);
             }
         }
         return out;
     }
 
     /// @returns the extension set for the module
-    const EnableList& Enables() const { return enables_; }
+    const auto& Enables() const { return enables_; }
 
     /// Adds a type declaration to the Builder.
     /// @param decl the type declaration to add
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ class Module final : public Castable<Module, Node> {
     const TypeDecl* LookupType(Symbol name) const;
 
     /// @returns the declared types in the module
-    const std::vector<const TypeDecl*>& TypeDecls() const { return type_decls_; }
+    const auto& TypeDecls() const { return type_decls_; }
 
     /// Add a function to the Builder
     /// @param func the function to add
@@ -131,11 +134,11 @@ class Module final : public Castable<Module, Node> {
     /// * #functions_
     void BinGlobalDeclaration(const tint::ast::Node* decl, diag::List& diags);
 
-    std::vector<const Node*> global_declarations_;
+    utils::Vector<const Node*, 64> global_declarations_;
-    std::vector<const TypeDecl*> type_decls_;
+    utils::Vector<const TypeDecl*, 16> type_decls_;
     FunctionList functions_;
-    VariableList global_variables_;
+    utils::Vector<const Variable*, 32> global_variables_;
-    EnableList enables_;
+    utils::Vector<const Enable*, 8> enables_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/module_test.cc

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace {
 using ModuleTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(ModuleTest, Creation) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(Program(std::move(*this)).AST().Functions().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Program(std::move(*this)).AST().Functions().Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModuleTest, LookupFunction) {
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ TEST_F(ModuleTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Function) {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
             b1.AST().AddFunction(b2.create<ast::Function>(b2.Symbols().Register("func"),
-                                                          ParameterList{}, b2.ty.f32(), b2.Block(),
+                                                          utils::Empty, b2.ty.f32(), b2.Block(),
-                                                          AttributeList{}, AttributeList{}));
+                                                          utils::Empty, utils::Empty));
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ TEST_F(ModuleTest, CloneOrder) {
     ctx.Clone();
 
     auto& decls = cloned.AST().GlobalDeclarations();
-    ASSERT_EQ(decls.size(), 6u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(decls.Length(), 6u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(decls[1]->Is<ast::Function>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(decls[3]->Is<ast::Alias>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(decls[5]->Is<ast::Variable>());

src/tint/ast/override.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/override.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::Override);
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ Override::Override(ProgramID pid,
                    const Symbol& sym,
                    const ast::Type* ty,
                    const Expression* ctor,
-                   AttributeList attrs)
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs) {}
+    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs)) {}
 
 Override::Override(Override&&) = default;
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ const Override* Override::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto* ty = ctx->Clone(type);
     auto* ctor = ctx->Clone(constructor);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<Override>(src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<Override>(src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 std::string Override::Identifier(const SymbolTable& symbols) const {

src/tint/ast/override.h

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class Override final : public Castable<Override, Variable> {
              const Symbol& sym,
              const ast::Type* type,
              const Expression* constructor,
-             AttributeList attributes);
+             utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Move constructor
     Override(Override&&);

src/tint/ast/override_test.cc

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ TEST_F(OverrideTest, Identifier_NoId) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(OverrideTest, Identifier_WithId) {
-    auto* o = Override("o", nullptr, Expr(f32(1.0)), {Id(4u)});
+    auto* o = Override("o", nullptr, Expr(f32(1.0)), utils::Vector{Id(4u)});
     EXPECT_EQ(std::string("4"), o->Identifier(Symbols()));
 }
 

src/tint/ast/parameter.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/parameter.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::Parameter);
@@ -25,8 +27,8 @@ Parameter::Parameter(ProgramID pid,
                      const Source& src,
                      const Symbol& sym,
                      const ast::Type* ty,
-                     AttributeList attrs)
+                     utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, nullptr, attrs) {}
+    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, nullptr, std::move(attrs)) {}
 
 Parameter::Parameter(Parameter&&) = default;
 
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ const Parameter* Parameter::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto sym = ctx->Clone(symbol);
     auto* ty = ctx->Clone(type);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<Parameter>(src, sym, ty, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<Parameter>(src, sym, ty, std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/parameter.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class Parameter final : public Castable<Parameter, Variable> {
               const Source& source,
               const Symbol& sym,
               const ast::Type* type,
-              AttributeList attributes);
+              utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Move constructor
     Parameter(Parameter&&);
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ class Parameter final : public Castable<Parameter, Variable> {
     const Parameter* Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const override;
 };
 
-/// A list of parameters
-using ParameterList = std::vector<const Parameter*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_PARAMETER_H_

src/tint/ast/statement.h

@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@ class Statement : public Castable<Statement, Node> {
     Statement(Statement&&);
 };
 
-/// A list of statements
-using StatementList = std::vector<const Statement*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_STATEMENT_H_

src/tint/ast/struct.cc

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ Struct::Struct(ProgramID pid,
                NodeID nid,
                const Source& src,
                Symbol n,
-               StructMemberList m,
+               utils::VectorRef<const ast::StructMember*> m,
-               AttributeList attrs)
+               utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attrs)
     : Base(pid, nid, src, n), members(std::move(m)), attributes(std::move(attrs)) {
     for (auto* mem : members) {
         TINT_ASSERT(AST, mem);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ const Struct* Struct::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto n = ctx->Clone(name);
     auto mem = ctx->Clone(members);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<Struct>(src, n, mem, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<Struct>(src, n, std::move(mem), std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/struct.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "src/tint/ast/attribute.h"
 #include "src/tint/ast/struct_member.h"
 #include "src/tint/ast/type_decl.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/vector.h"
 
 namespace tint::ast {
 
@@ -38,8 +39,8 @@ class Struct final : public Castable<Struct, TypeDecl> {
            NodeID nid,
            const Source& src,
            Symbol name,
-           StructMemberList members,
+           utils::VectorRef<const ast::StructMember*> members,
-           AttributeList attributes);
+           utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
     /// Move constructor
     Struct(Struct&&);
 
@@ -52,10 +53,10 @@ class Struct final : public Castable<Struct, TypeDecl> {
     const Struct* Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const override;
 
     /// The members
-    const StructMemberList members;
+    const utils::Vector<const ast::StructMember*, 8> members;
 
     /// The struct attributes
-    const AttributeList attributes;
+    const utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 4> attributes;
 };
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/struct_member.cc

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ StructMember::StructMember(ProgramID pid,
                            const Source& src,
                            const Symbol& sym,
                            const ast::Type* ty,
-                           AttributeList attrs)
+                           utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
     : Base(pid, nid, src), symbol(sym), type(ty), attributes(std::move(attrs)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, type);
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, symbol.IsValid());
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ const StructMember* StructMember::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto sym = ctx->Clone(symbol);
     auto* ty = ctx->Clone(type);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
-    return ctx->dst->create<StructMember>(src, sym, ty, attrs);
+    return ctx->dst->create<StructMember>(src, sym, ty, std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/struct_member.h

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #define SRC_TINT_AST_STRUCT_MEMBER_H_
 
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/attribute.h"
 
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ class StructMember final : public Castable<StructMember, Node> {
                  const Source& src,
                  const Symbol& sym,
                  const ast::Type* type,
-                 AttributeList attributes);
+                 utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
     /// Move constructor
     StructMember(StructMember&&);
 
@@ -61,12 +60,9 @@ class StructMember final : public Castable<StructMember, Node> {
     const ast::Type* const type;
 
     /// The attributes
-    const AttributeList attributes;
+    const utils::Vector<const Attribute*, 4> attributes;
 };
 
-/// A list of struct members
-using StructMemberList = std::vector<const StructMember*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_STRUCT_MEMBER_H_

src/tint/ast/struct_member_test.cc

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ namespace {
 using StructMemberTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(StructMemberTest, Creation) {
-    auto* st = Member("a", ty.i32(), {MemberSize(4)});
+    auto* st = Member("a", ty.i32(), utils::Vector{MemberSize(4)});
     EXPECT_EQ(st->symbol, Symbol(1, ID()));
     EXPECT_TRUE(st->type->Is<ast::I32>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(st->attributes.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(st->attributes.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(st->attributes[0]->Is<StructMemberSizeAttribute>());
     EXPECT_EQ(st->source.range.begin.line, 0u);
     EXPECT_EQ(st->source.range.begin.column, 0u);
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ TEST_F(StructMemberTest, CreationWithSource) {
                       ty.i32());
     EXPECT_EQ(st->symbol, Symbol(1, ID()));
     EXPECT_TRUE(st->type->Is<ast::I32>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(st->attributes.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(st->attributes.Length(), 0u);
     EXPECT_EQ(st->source.range.begin.line, 27u);
     EXPECT_EQ(st->source.range.begin.column, 4u);
     EXPECT_EQ(st->source.range.end.line, 27u);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ TEST_F(StructMemberTest, Assert_Null_Attribute) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.Member("a", b.ty.i32(), {b.MemberSize(4), nullptr});
+            b.Member("a", b.ty.i32(), utils::Vector{b.MemberSize(4), nullptr});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ TEST_F(StructMemberTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Symbol) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.Member(b2.Sym("a"), b1.ty.i32(), {b1.MemberSize(4)});
+            b1.Member(b2.Sym("a"), b1.ty.i32(), utils::Vector{b1.MemberSize(4)});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ TEST_F(StructMemberTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Attribute) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.Member("a", b1.ty.i32(), {b2.MemberSize(4)});
+            b1.Member("a", b1.ty.i32(), utils::Vector{b2.MemberSize(4)});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }

src/tint/ast/struct_test.cc

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ using SpirvBlockAttribute = transform::AddSpirvBlockAttribute::SpirvBlockAttribu
 
 TEST_F(AstStructTest, Creation) {
     auto name = Sym("s");
-    auto* s = create<Struct>(name, StructMemberList{Member("a", ty.i32())}, AttributeList{});
+    auto* s = create<Struct>(name, utils::Vector{Member("a", ty.i32())}, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->name, name);
-    EXPECT_EQ(s->members.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(s->members.Length(), 1u);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(s->attributes.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s->attributes.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.begin.line, 0u);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.begin.column, 0u);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.end.line, 0u);
@@ -48,13 +48,14 @@ TEST_F(AstStructTest, Creation) {
 
 TEST_F(AstStructTest, Creation_WithAttributes) {
     auto name = Sym("s");
-    AttributeList attrs;
-    attrs.push_back(ASTNodes().Create<SpirvBlockAttribute>(ID(), AllocateNodeID()));
 
-    auto* s = create<Struct>(name, StructMemberList{Member("a", ty.i32())}, attrs);
+    auto* s = create<Struct>(name, utils::Vector{Member("a", ty.i32())},
+                             utils::Vector{
+                                 ASTNodes().Create<SpirvBlockAttribute>(ID(), AllocateNodeID()),
+                             });
     EXPECT_EQ(s->name, name);
-    EXPECT_EQ(s->members.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(s->members.Length(), 1u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(s->attributes.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(s->attributes.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(s->attributes[0]->Is<SpirvBlockAttribute>());
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.begin.line, 0u);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.begin.column, 0u);
@@ -66,11 +67,11 @@ TEST_F(AstStructTest, CreationWithSourceAndAttributes) {
     auto name = Sym("s");
     auto* s = create<Struct>(
         Source{Source::Range{Source::Location{27, 4}, Source::Location{27, 8}}}, name,
-        StructMemberList{Member("a", ty.i32())},
+        utils::Vector{Member("a", ty.i32())},
-        AttributeList{ASTNodes().Create<SpirvBlockAttribute>(ID(), AllocateNodeID())});
+        utils::Vector{ASTNodes().Create<SpirvBlockAttribute>(ID(), AllocateNodeID())});
     EXPECT_EQ(s->name, name);
-    EXPECT_EQ(s->members.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(s->members.Length(), 1u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(s->attributes.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(s->attributes.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(s->attributes[0]->Is<SpirvBlockAttribute>());
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.begin.line, 27u);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->source.range.begin.column, 4u);
@@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ TEST_F(AstStructTest, Assert_Null_StructMember) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<Struct>(b.Sym("S"), StructMemberList{b.Member("a", b.ty.i32()), nullptr},
+            b.create<Struct>(b.Sym("S"), utils::Vector{b.Member("a", b.ty.i32()), nullptr},
-                             AttributeList{});
+                             utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ TEST_F(AstStructTest, Assert_Null_Attribute) {
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
-            b.create<Struct>(b.Sym("S"), StructMemberList{b.Member("a", b.ty.i32())},
+            b.create<Struct>(b.Sym("S"), utils::Vector{b.Member("a", b.ty.i32())},
-                             AttributeList{nullptr});
+                             utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 1>{nullptr});
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -103,8 +104,8 @@ TEST_F(AstStructTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_StructMember) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<Struct>(b1.Sym("S"), StructMemberList{b2.Member("a", b2.ty.i32())},
+            b1.create<Struct>(b1.Sym("S"), utils::Vector{b2.Member("a", b2.ty.i32())},
-                              AttributeList{});
+                              utils::Empty);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
@@ -114,8 +115,8 @@ TEST_F(AstStructTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Attribute) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<Struct>(b1.Sym("S"), StructMemberList{b1.Member("a", b1.ty.i32())},
+            b1.create<Struct>(b1.Sym("S"), utils::Vector{b1.Member("a", b1.ty.i32())},
-                              AttributeList{b2.ASTNodes().Create<SpirvBlockAttribute>(
+                              utils::Vector{b2.ASTNodes().Create<SpirvBlockAttribute>(
                                   b2.ID(), b2.AllocateNodeID())});
         },
         "internal compiler error");

src/tint/ast/switch_statement.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/ast/switch_statement.h"
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
 
 TINT_INSTANTIATE_TYPEINFO(tint::ast::SwitchStatement);
@@ -24,8 +26,8 @@ SwitchStatement::SwitchStatement(ProgramID pid,
                                  NodeID nid,
                                  const Source& src,
                                  const Expression* cond,
-                                 CaseStatementList b)
+                                 utils::VectorRef<const CaseStatement*> b)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src), condition(cond), body(b) {
+    : Base(pid, nid, src), condition(cond), body(std::move(b)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, condition);
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, condition, program_id);
     for (auto* stmt : body) {
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ const SwitchStatement* SwitchStatement::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto src = ctx->Clone(source);
     auto* cond = ctx->Clone(condition);
     auto b = ctx->Clone(body);
-    return ctx->dst->create<SwitchStatement>(src, cond, b);
+    return ctx->dst->create<SwitchStatement>(src, cond, std::move(b));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/switch_statement.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class SwitchStatement final : public Castable<SwitchStatement, Statement> {
                     NodeID nid,
                     const Source& src,
                     const Expression* condition,
-                    CaseStatementList body);
+                    utils::VectorRef<const CaseStatement*> body);
     /// Move constructor
     SwitchStatement(SwitchStatement&&);
     ~SwitchStatement() override;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class SwitchStatement final : public Castable<SwitchStatement, Statement> {
     const Expression* const condition;
 
     /// The Switch body
-    const CaseStatementList body;
+    const utils::Vector<const CaseStatement*, 4> body;
     SwitchStatement(const SwitchStatement&) = delete;
 };
 

src/tint/ast/switch_statement_test.cc

@@ -25,54 +25,47 @@ namespace {
 using SwitchStatementTest = TestHelper;
 
 TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, Creation) {
-    CaseSelectorList lit;
+    auto* case_stmt = create<CaseStatement>(utils::Vector{Expr(1_u)}, Block());
-    lit.push_back(Expr(1_u));
-
     auto* ident = Expr("ident");
-    CaseStatementList body;
+    utils::Vector body{case_stmt};
-    auto* case_stmt = create<CaseStatement>(lit, Block());
-    body.push_back(case_stmt);
 
     auto* stmt = create<SwitchStatement>(ident, body);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->condition, ident);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stmt->body.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(stmt->body.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(stmt->body[0], case_stmt);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, Creation_WithSource) {
     auto* ident = Expr("ident");
-
+    auto* stmt = create<SwitchStatement>(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, ident, utils::Empty);
-    auto* stmt =
-        create<SwitchStatement>(Source{Source::Location{20, 2}}, ident, CaseStatementList());
     auto src = stmt->source;
     EXPECT_EQ(src.range.begin.line, 20u);
     EXPECT_EQ(src.range.begin.column, 2u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, IsSwitch) {
-    CaseSelectorList lit;
+    utils::Vector lit{Expr(2_i)};
-    lit.push_back(Expr(2_i));
-
     auto* ident = Expr("ident");
-    CaseStatementList body;
+    utils::Vector body{create<CaseStatement>(lit, Block())};
-    body.push_back(create<CaseStatement>(lit, Block()));
 
     auto* stmt = create<SwitchStatement>(ident, body);
     EXPECT_TRUE(stmt->Is<SwitchStatement>());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, Assert_Null_Condition) {
+    using CaseStatementList = utils::Vector<const ast::CaseStatement*, 2>;
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
             CaseStatementList cases;
-            cases.push_back(b.create<CaseStatement>(CaseSelectorList{b.Expr(1_i)}, b.Block()));
+            cases.Push(b.create<CaseStatement>(utils::Vector{b.Expr(1_i)}, b.Block()));
             b.create<SwitchStatement>(nullptr, cases);
         },
         "internal compiler error");
 }
 
 TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, Assert_Null_CaseStatement) {
+    using CaseStatementList = utils::Vector<const ast::CaseStatement*, 2>;
     EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
         {
             ProgramBuilder b;
@@ -86,9 +79,9 @@ TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Condition) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<SwitchStatement>(b2.Expr(true), CaseStatementList{
+            b1.create<SwitchStatement>(b2.Expr(true), utils::Vector{
                                                           b1.create<CaseStatement>(
-                                                              CaseSelectorList{
+                                                              utils::Vector{
                                                                   b1.Expr(1_i),
                                                               },
                                                               b1.Block()),
@@ -102,9 +95,9 @@ TEST_F(SwitchStatementTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_CaseStatement) {
         {
             ProgramBuilder b1;
             ProgramBuilder b2;
-            b1.create<SwitchStatement>(b1.Expr(true), CaseStatementList{
+            b1.create<SwitchStatement>(b1.Expr(true), utils::Vector{
                                                           b2.create<CaseStatement>(
-                                                              CaseSelectorList{
+                                                              utils::Vector{
                                                                   b2.Expr(1_i),
                                                               },
                                                               b2.Block()),

src/tint/ast/traverse_expressions.h

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ bool TraverseExpressions(const ast::Expression* root, diag::List& diags, CALLBAC
             to_visit.Push({right, depth});
         }
     };
-    auto push_list = [&](const std::vector<const ast::Expression*>& exprs, size_t depth) {
+    auto push_list = [&](utils::VectorRef<const ast::Expression*> exprs, size_t depth) {
         if (ORDER == TraverseOrder::LeftToRight) {
             for (auto* expr : utils::Reverse(exprs)) {
                 to_visit.Push({expr, depth});

src/tint/ast/traverse_expressions_test.cc

@@ -97,19 +97,19 @@ TEST_F(TraverseExpressionsTest, DescendBitcastExpression) {
     auto* b2 = Bitcast<i32>(b1);
     auto* root = Bitcast<i32>(b2);
     {
-        std::vector<const ast::Expression*> l2r;
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8> l2r;
         TraverseExpressions<TraverseOrder::LeftToRight>(root, Diagnostics(),
                                                         [&](const ast::Expression* expr) {
-                                                            l2r.push_back(expr);
+                                                            l2r.Push(expr);
                                                             return ast::TraverseAction::Descend;
                                                         });
         EXPECT_THAT(l2r, ElementsAre(root, b2, b1, b0, e));
     }
     {
-        std::vector<const ast::Expression*> r2l;
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8> r2l;
         TraverseExpressions<TraverseOrder::RightToLeft>(root, Diagnostics(),
                                                         [&](const ast::Expression* expr) {
-                                                            r2l.push_back(expr);
+                                                            r2l.Push(expr);
                                                             return ast::TraverseAction::Descend;
                                                         });
         EXPECT_THAT(r2l, ElementsAre(root, b2, b1, b0, e));
@@ -117,23 +117,23 @@ TEST_F(TraverseExpressionsTest, DescendBitcastExpression) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(TraverseExpressionsTest, DescendCallExpression) {
-    std::vector<const ast::Expression*> e = {Expr(1_i), Expr(1_i), Expr(1_i), Expr(1_i)};
+    utils::Vector e{Expr(1_i), Expr(1_i), Expr(1_i), Expr(1_i)};
-    std::vector<const ast::Expression*> c = {Call("a", e[0], e[1]), Call("b", e[2], e[3])};
+    utils::Vector c{Call("a", e[0], e[1]), Call("b", e[2], e[3])};
     auto* root = Call("c", c[0], c[1]);
     {
-        std::vector<const ast::Expression*> l2r;
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8> l2r;
         TraverseExpressions<TraverseOrder::LeftToRight>(root, Diagnostics(),
                                                         [&](const ast::Expression* expr) {
-                                                            l2r.push_back(expr);
+                                                            l2r.Push(expr);
                                                             return ast::TraverseAction::Descend;
                                                         });
         EXPECT_THAT(l2r, ElementsAre(root, c[0], e[0], e[1], c[1], e[2], e[3]));
     }
     {
-        std::vector<const ast::Expression*> r2l;
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8> r2l;
         TraverseExpressions<TraverseOrder::RightToLeft>(root, Diagnostics(),
                                                         [&](const ast::Expression* expr) {
-                                                            r2l.push_back(expr);
+                                                            r2l.Push(expr);
                                                             return ast::TraverseAction::Descend;
                                                         });
         EXPECT_THAT(r2l, ElementsAre(root, c[1], e[3], e[2], c[0], e[1], e[0]));

src/tint/ast/var.cc

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ Var::Var(ProgramID pid,
          StorageClass storage_class,
          Access access,
          const Expression* ctor,
-         AttributeList attrs)
+         utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
-    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, attrs),
+    : Base(pid, nid, src, sym, ty, ctor, std::move(attrs)),
       declared_storage_class(storage_class),
       declared_access(access) {}
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ const Var* Var::Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const {
     auto* ctor = ctx->Clone(constructor);
     auto attrs = ctx->Clone(attributes);
     return ctx->dst->create<Var>(src, sym, ty, declared_storage_class, declared_access, ctor,
-                                 attrs);
+                                 std::move(attrs));
 }
 
 }  // namespace tint::ast

src/tint/ast/var.h

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Var final : public Castable<Var, Variable> {
         StorageClass declared_storage_class,
         Access declared_access,
         const Expression* constructor,
-        AttributeList attributes);
+        utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Move constructor
     Var(Var&&);

src/tint/ast/variable.cc

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Variable::Variable(ProgramID pid,
                    const Symbol& sym,
                    const ast::Type* ty,
                    const Expression* ctor,
-                   AttributeList attrs)
+                   utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attrs)
     : Base(pid, nid, src), symbol(sym), type(ty), constructor(ctor), attributes(std::move(attrs)) {
     TINT_ASSERT(AST, symbol.IsValid());
     TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(AST, symbol, program_id);

src/tint/ast/variable.h

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class Variable : public Castable<Variable, Node> {
              const Symbol& sym,
              const ast::Type* type,
              const Expression* constructor,
-             AttributeList attributes);
+             utils::VectorRef<const Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Move constructor
     Variable(Variable&&);
@@ -95,12 +95,9 @@ class Variable : public Castable<Variable, Node> {
     const Expression* const constructor;
 
     /// The attributes attached to this variable
-    const AttributeList attributes;
+    const utils::Vector<const Attribute*, 2> attributes;
 };
 
-/// A list of variables
-using VariableList = std::vector<const Variable*>;
-
 }  // namespace tint::ast
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_AST_VARIABLE_H_

src/tint/ast/variable_test.cc

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, Creation) {
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, CreationWithSource) {
     auto* v = Var(Source{Source::Range{Source::Location{27, 4}, Source::Location{27, 5}}}, "i",
-                  ty.f32(), StorageClass::kPrivate, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+                  ty.f32(), StorageClass::kPrivate, nullptr, utils::Empty);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(v->symbol, Symbol(1, ID()));
     EXPECT_EQ(v->declared_storage_class, StorageClass::kPrivate);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, CreationWithSource) {
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, CreationEmpty) {
     auto* v = Var(Source{Source::Range{Source::Location{27, 4}, Source::Location{27, 7}}}, "a_var",
-                  ty.i32(), StorageClass::kWorkgroup, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+                  ty.i32(), StorageClass::kWorkgroup, nullptr, utils::Empty);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(v->symbol, Symbol(1, ID()));
     EXPECT_EQ(v->declared_storage_class, StorageClass::kWorkgroup);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, Assert_DifferentProgramID_Constructor) {
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, WithAttributes) {
     auto* var = Var("my_var", ty.i32(), StorageClass::kFunction, nullptr,
-                    AttributeList{
+                    utils::Vector{
                         create<LocationAttribute>(1u),
                         create<BuiltinAttribute>(BuiltinValue::kPosition),
                         create<IdAttribute>(1200u),
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, WithAttributes) {
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPoint) {
     auto* var = Var("my_var", ty.i32(), StorageClass::kFunction, nullptr,
-                    AttributeList{
+                    utils::Vector{
                         create<BindingAttribute>(2u),
                         create<GroupAttribute>(1u),
                     });
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPoint) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPointAttributes) {
-    auto* var = Var("my_var", ty.i32(), StorageClass::kFunction, nullptr, AttributeList{});
+    auto* var = Var("my_var", ty.i32(), StorageClass::kFunction, nullptr, utils::Empty);
     EXPECT_FALSE(var->BindingPoint());
     EXPECT_EQ(var->BindingPoint().group, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(var->BindingPoint().binding, nullptr);
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPointAttributes) {
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPointMissingGroupAttribute) {
     auto* var = Var("my_var", ty.i32(), StorageClass::kFunction, nullptr,
-                    AttributeList{
+                    utils::Vector{
                         create<BindingAttribute>(2u),
                     });
     EXPECT_FALSE(var->BindingPoint());
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPointMissingGroupAttribute) {
 
 TEST_F(VariableTest, BindingPointMissingBindingAttribute) {
     auto* var = Var("my_var", ty.i32(), StorageClass::kFunction, nullptr,
-                    AttributeList{create<GroupAttribute>(1u)});
+                    utils::Vector{create<GroupAttribute>(1u)});
     EXPECT_FALSE(var->BindingPoint());
     ASSERT_NE(var->BindingPoint().group, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(var->BindingPoint().group->value, 1u);

src/tint/clone_context.cc

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void CloneContext::Clone() {
 
 ast::FunctionList CloneContext::Clone(const ast::FunctionList& v) {
     ast::FunctionList out;
-    out.reserve(v.size());
+    out.Reserve(v.Length());
     for (const ast::Function* el : v) {
         out.Add(Clone(el));
     }

src/tint/clone_context.h

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "src/tint/program_id.h"
 #include "src/tint/symbol.h"
 #include "src/tint/traits.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/vector.h"
 
 // Forward declarations
 namespace tint {
@@ -163,12 +164,12 @@ class CloneContext {
     ///
     /// @param v the vector to clone
     /// @return the cloned vector
-    template <typename T, typename A>
+    template <typename T, size_t N>
-    std::vector<T> Clone(const std::vector<T, A>& v) {
+    utils::Vector<T, N> Clone(const utils::Vector<T, N>& v) {
-        std::vector<T> out;
+        utils::Vector<T, N> out;
         out.reserve(v.size());
         for (auto& el : v) {
-            out.emplace_back(Clone(el));
+            out.Push(Clone(el));
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -181,9 +182,9 @@ class CloneContext {
     ///
     /// @param v the vector to clone
     /// @return the cloned vector
-    template <typename T, typename A>
+    template <typename T, size_t N>
-    std::vector<T*, A> Clone(const std::vector<T*, A>& v) {
+    utils::Vector<T*, N> Clone(const utils::Vector<T*, N>& v) {
-        std::vector<T*, A> out;
+        utils::Vector<T*, N> out;
         Clone(out, v);
         return out;
     }
@@ -196,39 +197,39 @@ class CloneContext {
     ///
     /// @param from the vector to clone
     /// @param to the cloned result
-    template <typename T, typename A>
+    template <typename T, size_t N>
-    void Clone(std::vector<T*, A>& to, const std::vector<T*, A>& from) {
+    void Clone(utils::Vector<T*, N>& to, const utils::Vector<T*, N>& from) {
-        to.reserve(from.size());
+        to.Reserve(from.Length());
 
         auto list_transform_it = list_transforms_.find(&from);
         if (list_transform_it != list_transforms_.end()) {
             const auto& transforms = list_transform_it->second;
             for (auto* o : transforms.insert_front_) {
-                to.emplace_back(CheckedCast<T>(o));
+                to.Push(CheckedCast<T>(o));
             }
             for (auto& el : from) {
                 auto insert_before_it = transforms.insert_before_.find(el);
                 if (insert_before_it != transforms.insert_before_.end()) {
                     for (auto insert : insert_before_it->second) {
-                        to.emplace_back(CheckedCast<T>(insert));
+                        to.Push(CheckedCast<T>(insert));
                     }
                 }
                 if (transforms.remove_.count(el) == 0) {
-                    to.emplace_back(Clone(el));
+                    to.Push(Clone(el));
                 }
                 auto insert_after_it = transforms.insert_after_.find(el);
                 if (insert_after_it != transforms.insert_after_.end()) {
                     for (auto insert : insert_after_it->second) {
-                        to.emplace_back(CheckedCast<T>(insert));
+                        to.Push(CheckedCast<T>(insert));
                     }
                 }
             }
             for (auto* o : transforms.insert_back_) {
-                to.emplace_back(CheckedCast<T>(o));
+                to.Push(CheckedCast<T>(o));
             }
         } else {
             for (auto& el : from) {
-                to.emplace_back(Clone(el));
+                to.Push(Clone(el));
 
                 // Clone(el) may have inserted after
                 list_transform_it = list_transforms_.find(&from);
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ class CloneContext {
                     auto insert_after_it = transforms.insert_after_.find(el);
                     if (insert_after_it != transforms.insert_after_.end()) {
                         for (auto insert : insert_after_it->second) {
-                            to.emplace_back(CheckedCast<T>(insert));
+                            to.Push(CheckedCast<T>(insert));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ class CloneContext {
                 const auto& transforms = list_transform_it->second;
 
                 for (auto* o : transforms.insert_back_) {
-                    to.emplace_back(CheckedCast<T>(o));
+                    to.Push(CheckedCast<T>(o));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ class CloneContext {
         CloneableTransform transform;
         transform.typeinfo = &TypeInfo::Of<T>();
         transform.function = [=](const Cloneable* in) { return replacer(in->As<T>()); };
-        transforms_.emplace_back(std::move(transform));
+        transforms_.Push(std::move(transform));
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -386,8 +387,8 @@ class CloneContext {
     /// @param object a pointer to the object in #src that will be omitted from
     /// the cloned vector.
     /// @returns this CloneContext so calls can be chained
-    template <typename T, typename A, typename OBJECT>
+    template <typename T, size_t N, typename OBJECT>
-    CloneContext& Remove(const std::vector<T, A>& vector, OBJECT* object) {
+    CloneContext& Remove(const utils::Vector<T, N>& vector, OBJECT* object) {
         TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(Clone, src, object);
         if (std::find(vector.begin(), vector.end(), object) == vector.end()) {
             TINT_ICE(Clone, Diagnostics())
@@ -404,12 +405,12 @@ class CloneContext {
     /// @param object a pointer to the object in #dst that will be inserted at the
     /// front of the vector
     /// @returns this CloneContext so calls can be chained
-    template <typename T, typename A, typename OBJECT>
+    template <typename T, size_t N, typename OBJECT>
-    CloneContext& InsertFront(const std::vector<T, A>& vector, OBJECT* object) {
+    CloneContext& InsertFront(const utils::Vector<T, N>& vector, OBJECT* object) {
         TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(Clone, dst, object);
         auto& transforms = list_transforms_[&vector];
         auto& list = transforms.insert_front_;
-        list.emplace_back(object);
+        list.Push(object);
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -418,12 +419,12 @@ class CloneContext {
     /// @param object a pointer to the object in #dst that will be inserted at the
     /// end of the vector
     /// @returns this CloneContext so calls can be chained
-    template <typename T, typename A, typename OBJECT>
+    template <typename T, size_t N, typename OBJECT>
-    CloneContext& InsertBack(const std::vector<T, A>& vector, OBJECT* object) {
+    CloneContext& InsertBack(const utils::Vector<T, N>& vector, OBJECT* object) {
         TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(Clone, dst, object);
         auto& transforms = list_transforms_[&vector];
         auto& list = transforms.insert_back_;
-        list.emplace_back(object);
+        list.Push(object);
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -433,8 +434,8 @@ class CloneContext {
     /// @param object a pointer to the object in #dst that will be inserted before
     /// any occurrence of the clone of `before`
     /// @returns this CloneContext so calls can be chained
-    template <typename T, typename A, typename BEFORE, typename OBJECT>
+    template <typename T, size_t N, typename BEFORE, typename OBJECT>
-    CloneContext& InsertBefore(const std::vector<T, A>& vector,
+    CloneContext& InsertBefore(const utils::Vector<T, N>& vector,
                                const BEFORE* before,
                                const OBJECT* object) {
         TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(Clone, src, before);
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ class CloneContext {
 
         auto& transforms = list_transforms_[&vector];
         auto& list = transforms.insert_before_[before];
-        list.emplace_back(object);
+        list.Push(object);
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -457,8 +458,8 @@ class CloneContext {
     /// @param object a pointer to the object in #dst that will be inserted after
     /// any occurrence of the clone of `after`
     /// @returns this CloneContext so calls can be chained
-    template <typename T, typename A, typename AFTER, typename OBJECT>
+    template <typename T, size_t N, typename AFTER, typename OBJECT>
-    CloneContext& InsertAfter(const std::vector<T, A>& vector,
+    CloneContext& InsertAfter(const utils::Vector<T, N>& vector,
                               const AFTER* after,
                               const OBJECT* object) {
         TINT_ASSERT_PROGRAM_IDS_EQUAL_IF_VALID(Clone, src, after);
@@ -471,7 +472,7 @@ class CloneContext {
 
         auto& transforms = list_transforms_[&vector];
         auto& list = transforms.insert_after_[after];
-        list.emplace_back(object);
+        list.Push(object);
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -530,7 +531,7 @@ class CloneContext {
     diag::List& Diagnostics() const;
 
     /// A vector of const Cloneable*
-    using CloneableList = std::vector<const Cloneable*>;
+    using CloneableList = utils::Vector<const Cloneable*, 4>;
 
     /// Transformations to be applied to a list (vector)
     struct ListTransforms {
@@ -551,12 +552,12 @@ class CloneContext {
         CloneableList insert_back_;
 
         /// A map of object in #src to the list of cloned objects in #dst.
-        /// Clone(const std::vector<T*>& v) will use this to insert the map-value
+        /// Clone(const utils::Vector<T*>& v) will use this to insert the map-value
         /// list into the target vector before cloning and inserting the map-key.
         std::unordered_map<const Cloneable*, CloneableList> insert_before_;
 
         /// A map of object in #src to the list of cloned objects in #dst.
-        /// Clone(const std::vector<T*>& v) will use this to insert the map-value
+        /// Clone(const utils::Vector<T*>& v) will use this to insert the map-value
         /// list into the target vector after cloning and inserting the map-key.
         std::unordered_map<const Cloneable*, CloneableList> insert_after_;
     };
@@ -569,9 +570,9 @@ class CloneContext {
     std::unordered_map<Symbol, Symbol> cloned_symbols_;
 
     /// Cloneable transform functions registered with ReplaceAll()
-    std::vector<CloneableTransform> transforms_;
+    utils::Vector<CloneableTransform, 8> transforms_;
 
-    /// Map of std::vector pointer to transforms for that list
+    /// Map of utils::Vector pointer to transforms for that list
     std::unordered_map<const void*, ListTransforms> list_transforms_;
 
     /// Symbol transform registered with ReplaceAll()

src/tint/clone_context_test.cc

@@ -37,12 +37,13 @@ struct Node : public Castable<Node, Cloneable> {
          const Node* node_b = nullptr,
          const Node* node_c = nullptr)
         : allocator(alloc), name(n), a(node_a), b(node_b), c(node_c) {}
+    Node(Node&&) = delete;
     Allocator* const allocator;
     Symbol name;
     const Node* a = nullptr;
     const Node* b = nullptr;
     const Node* c = nullptr;
-    std::vector<const Node*> vec;
+    utils::Vector<const Node*, 8> vec;
 
     Node* Clone(CloneContext* ctx) const override {
         auto* out = allocator->Create<Node>(ctx->Clone(name));
@@ -387,7 +388,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithRemove) {
                             .Remove(original_root->vec, original_root->vec[1])
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 2u);
 
     EXPECT_NE(cloned_root->vec[0], cloned_root->a);
     EXPECT_NE(cloned_root->vec[1], cloned_root->c);
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertFront) {
                             .InsertFront(original_root->vec, insertion)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_NE(cloned_root->vec[0], cloned_root->a);
     EXPECT_NE(cloned_root->vec[1], cloned_root->b);
@@ -434,7 +435,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertFront_Empty) {
 
     ProgramBuilder builder;
     auto* original_root = a.Create<Node>(builder.Symbols().Register("root"));
-    original_root->vec = {};
+    original_root->vec.Clear();
     Program original(std::move(builder));
 
     ProgramBuilder cloned;
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertFront_Empty) {
                             .InsertFront(original_root->vec, insertion)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 1u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("insertion"));
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertBack) {
                             .InsertBack(original_root->vec, insertion)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -483,7 +484,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertBack_Empty) {
 
     ProgramBuilder builder;
     auto* original_root = a.Create<Node>(builder.Symbols().Register("root"));
-    original_root->vec = {};
+    original_root->vec.Clear();
     Program original(std::move(builder));
 
     ProgramBuilder cloned;
@@ -493,7 +494,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertBack_Empty) {
                             .InsertBack(original_root->vec, insertion)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 1u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("insertion"));
@@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertFrontAndBack_Empty) {
 
     ProgramBuilder builder;
     auto* original_root = a.Create<Node>(builder.Symbols().Register("root"));
-    original_root->vec = {};
+    original_root->vec.Clear();
     Program original(std::move(builder));
 
     ProgramBuilder cloned;
@@ -516,7 +517,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertFrontAndBack_Empty) {
                             .InsertFront(original_root->vec, insertion_front)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 2u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("insertion_front"));
@@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertBefore) {
                             .InsertBefore(original_root->vec, original_root->vec[1], insertion)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertAfter) {
                             .InsertAfter(original_root->vec, original_root->vec[1], insertion)
                             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -602,7 +603,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertAfterInVectorNodeClone) {
 
     auto* cloned_root = ctx.Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -634,7 +635,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertBackInVectorNodeClone) {
 
     auto* cloned_root = ctx.Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -666,7 +667,7 @@ TEST_F(CloneContextNodeTest, CloneWithInsertBeforeAndAfterRemoved) {
             .Remove(original_root->vec, original_root->vec[1])
             .Clone(original_root);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec.Length(), 4u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("root"));
     EXPECT_EQ(cloned_root->vec[0]->name, cloned.Symbols().Get("a"));

src/tint/inspector/inspector.cc

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ std::tuple<ComponentType, CompositionType> CalculateComponentAndComposition(cons
 
 std::tuple<InterpolationType, InterpolationSampling> CalculateInterpolationData(
     const sem::Type* type,
-    const ast::AttributeList& attributes) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
     auto* interpolation_attribute = ast::GetAttribute<ast::InterpolateAttribute>(attributes);
     if (type->is_integer_scalar_or_vector()) {
         return {InterpolationType::kFlat, InterpolationSampling::kNone};
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ const ast::Function* Inspector::FindEntryPointByName(const std::string& name) {
 
 void Inspector::AddEntryPointInOutVariables(std::string name,
                                             const sem::Type* type,
-                                            const ast::AttributeList& attributes,
+                                            utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes,
                                             std::vector<StageVariable>& variables) const {
     // Skip builtins.
     if (ast::HasAttribute<ast::BuiltinAttribute>(attributes)) {
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ void Inspector::AddEntryPointInOutVariables(std::string name,
 
 bool Inspector::ContainsBuiltin(ast::BuiltinValue builtin,
                                 const sem::Type* type,
-                                const ast::AttributeList& attributes) const {
+                                utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) const {
     auto* unwrapped_type = type->UnwrapRef();
 
     if (auto* struct_ty = unwrapped_type->As<sem::Struct>()) {

src/tint/inspector/inspector.h

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class Inspector {
     /// @param variables the list to add the variables to
     void AddEntryPointInOutVariables(std::string name,
                                      const sem::Type* type,
-                                     const ast::AttributeList& attributes,
+                                     utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes,
                                      std::vector<StageVariable>& variables) const;
 
     /// Recursively determine if the type contains builtin.
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class Inspector {
     /// Otherwise, check `attributes` for the attribute.
     bool ContainsBuiltin(ast::BuiltinValue builtin,
                          const sem::Type* type,
-                         const ast::AttributeList& attributes) const;
+                         utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) const;
 
     /// Gathers all the texture resource bindings of the given type for the given
     /// entry point.

src/tint/inspector/test_inspector_builder.cc

@@ -27,32 +27,36 @@ namespace tint::inspector {
 InspectorBuilder::InspectorBuilder() = default;
 InspectorBuilder::~InspectorBuilder() = default;
 
-void InspectorBuilder::MakeEmptyBodyFunction(std::string name, ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+void InspectorBuilder::MakeEmptyBodyFunction(std::string name,
-    Func(name, {}, ty.void_(), {Return()}, attributes);
+                                             utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
+    Func(name, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), utils::Vector{Return()}, attributes);
 }
 
 void InspectorBuilder::MakeCallerBodyFunction(std::string caller,
-                                              std::vector<std::string> callees,
+                                              utils::VectorRef<std::string> callees,
-                                              ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+                                              utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
-    ast::StatementList body;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 8> body;
-    body.reserve(callees.size() + 1);
+    body.Reserve(callees.Length() + 1);
     for (auto callee : callees) {
-        body.push_back(CallStmt(Call(callee)));
+        body.Push(CallStmt(Call(callee)));
     }
-    body.push_back(Return());
+    body.Push(Return());
 
-    Func(caller, {}, ty.void_(), body, attributes);
+    Func(caller, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), body, attributes);
 }
 
-const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeInOutStruct(
+const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeInOutStruct(std::string name,
-    std::string name,
+                                                     utils::VectorRef<InOutInfo> inout_vars) {
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> inout_vars) {
+    utils::Vector<const ast::StructMember*, 8> members;
-    ast::StructMemberList members;
     for (auto var : inout_vars) {
         std::string member_name;
         uint32_t location;
         std::tie(member_name, location) = var;
-        members.push_back(Member(member_name, ty.u32(), {Location(location), Flat()}));
+        members.Push(Member(member_name, ty.u32(),
+                            utils::Vector{
+                                Location(location),
+                                Flat(),
+                            }));
     }
     return Structure(name, members);
 }
@@ -61,17 +65,15 @@ const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakePlainGlobalReferenceBodyFunction(
     std::string func,
     std::string var,
     const ast::Type* type,
-    ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 3> stmts;
-    stmts.emplace_back(Decl(Var("local_" + var, type)));
+    stmts.Push(Decl(Var("local_" + var, type)));
-    stmts.emplace_back(Assign("local_" + var, var));
+    stmts.Push(Assign("local_" + var, var));
-    stmts.emplace_back(Return());
+    stmts.Push(Return());
-
+    return Func(func, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), std::move(stmts), std::move(attributes));
-    return Func(func, {}, ty.void_(), stmts, attributes);
 }
 
-bool InspectorBuilder::ContainsName(const std::vector<StageVariable>& vec,
+bool InspectorBuilder::ContainsName(utils::VectorRef<StageVariable> vec, const std::string& name) {
-                                    const std::string& name) {
     for (auto& s : vec) {
         if (s.name == name) {
             return true;
@@ -84,35 +86,38 @@ std::string InspectorBuilder::StructMemberName(size_t idx, const ast::Type* type
     return std::to_string(idx) + type->FriendlyName(Symbols());
 }
 
-const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeStructType(const std::string& name,
+const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeStructType(
-                                                    std::vector<const ast::Type*> member_types) {
+    const std::string& name,
-    ast::StructMemberList members;
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Type*> member_types) {
+    utils::Vector<const ast::StructMember*, 8> members;
     for (auto* type : member_types) {
-        members.push_back(MakeStructMember(members.size(), type, {}));
+        members.Push(MakeStructMember(members.Length(), type, {}));
     }
     return MakeStructTypeFromMembers(name, std::move(members));
 }
 
-const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeStructTypeFromMembers(const std::string& name,
+const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeStructTypeFromMembers(
-                                                               ast::StructMemberList members) {
+    const std::string& name,
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::StructMember*> members) {
     return Structure(name, std::move(members));
 }
 
-const ast::StructMember* InspectorBuilder::MakeStructMember(size_t index,
+const ast::StructMember* InspectorBuilder::MakeStructMember(
-                                                            const ast::Type* type,
+    size_t index,
-                                                            ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+    const ast::Type* type,
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
     return Member(StructMemberName(index, type), type, std::move(attributes));
 }
 
 const ast::Struct* InspectorBuilder::MakeUniformBufferType(
     const std::string& name,
-    std::vector<const ast::Type*> member_types) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Type*> member_types) {
     return MakeStructType(name, member_types);
 }
 
 std::function<const ast::TypeName*()> InspectorBuilder::MakeStorageBufferTypes(
     const std::string& name,
-    std::vector<const ast::Type*> member_types) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Type*> member_types) {
     MakeStructType(name, member_types);
     return [this, name] { return ty.type_name(name); };
 }
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ void InspectorBuilder::AddUniformBuffer(const std::string& name,
                                         uint32_t group,
                                         uint32_t binding) {
     GlobalVar(name, type, ast::StorageClass::kUniform,
-              ast::AttributeList{
+              utils::Vector{
                   create<ast::BindingAttribute>(binding),
                   create<ast::GroupAttribute>(group),
               });
@@ -138,7 +143,7 @@ void InspectorBuilder::AddStorageBuffer(const std::string& name,
                                         uint32_t group,
                                         uint32_t binding) {
     GlobalVar(name, type, ast::StorageClass::kStorage, access,
-              ast::AttributeList{
+              utils::Vector{
                   create<ast::BindingAttribute>(binding),
                   create<ast::GroupAttribute>(group),
               });
@@ -147,15 +152,15 @@ void InspectorBuilder::AddStorageBuffer(const std::string& name,
 void InspectorBuilder::MakeStructVariableReferenceBodyFunction(
     std::string func_name,
     std::string struct_name,
-    std::vector<std::tuple<size_t, const ast::Type*>> members) {
+    utils::VectorRef<std::tuple<size_t, const ast::Type*>> members) {
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 8> stmts;
     for (auto member : members) {
         size_t member_idx;
         const ast::Type* member_type;
         std::tie(member_idx, member_type) = member;
         std::string member_name = StructMemberName(member_idx, member_type);
 
-        stmts.emplace_back(Decl(Var("local" + member_name, member_type)));
+        stmts.Push(Decl(Var("local" + member_name, member_type)));
     }
 
     for (auto member : members) {
@@ -164,17 +169,17 @@ void InspectorBuilder::MakeStructVariableReferenceBodyFunction(
         std::tie(member_idx, member_type) = member;
         std::string member_name = StructMemberName(member_idx, member_type);
 
-        stmts.emplace_back(Assign("local" + member_name, MemberAccessor(struct_name, member_name)));
+        stmts.Push(Assign("local" + member_name, MemberAccessor(struct_name, member_name)));
     }
 
-    stmts.emplace_back(Return());
+    stmts.Push(Return());
 
-    Func(func_name, {}, ty.void_(), stmts);
+    Func(func_name, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), stmts);
 }
 
 void InspectorBuilder::AddSampler(const std::string& name, uint32_t group, uint32_t binding) {
     GlobalVar(name, sampler_type(),
-              ast::AttributeList{
+              utils::Vector{
                   create<ast::BindingAttribute>(binding),
                   create<ast::GroupAttribute>(group),
               });
@@ -184,7 +189,7 @@ void InspectorBuilder::AddComparisonSampler(const std::string& name,
                                             uint32_t group,
                                             uint32_t binding) {
     GlobalVar(name, comparison_sampler_type(),
-              ast::AttributeList{
+              utils::Vector{
                   create<ast::BindingAttribute>(binding),
                   create<ast::GroupAttribute>(group),
               });
@@ -195,7 +200,7 @@ void InspectorBuilder::AddResource(const std::string& name,
                                    uint32_t group,
                                    uint32_t binding) {
     GlobalVar(name, type,
-              ast::AttributeList{
+              utils::Vector{
                   create<ast::BindingAttribute>(binding),
                   create<ast::GroupAttribute>(group),
               });
@@ -211,17 +216,15 @@ const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
     const std::string& sampler_name,
     const std::string& coords_name,
     const ast::Type* base_type,
-    ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
     std::string result_name = "sampler_result";
 
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    utils::Vector stmts{
-    stmts.emplace_back(Decl(Var(result_name, ty.vec(base_type, 4))));
+        Decl(Var(result_name, ty.vec(base_type, 4))),
-
+        Assign(result_name, Call("textureSample", texture_name, sampler_name, coords_name)),
-    stmts.emplace_back(
+        Return(),
-        Assign(result_name, Call("textureSample", texture_name, sampler_name, coords_name)));
+    };
-    stmts.emplace_back(Return());
+    return Func(func_name, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), std::move(stmts), std::move(attributes));
-
-    return Func(func_name, {}, ty.void_(), stmts, attributes);
 }
 
 const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
@@ -231,18 +234,16 @@ const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
     const std::string& coords_name,
     const std::string& array_index,
     const ast::Type* base_type,
-    ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
     std::string result_name = "sampler_result";
 
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    utils::Vector stmts{
-
+        Decl(Var("sampler_result", ty.vec(base_type, 4))),
-    stmts.emplace_back(Decl(Var("sampler_result", ty.vec(base_type, 4))));
+        Assign("sampler_result",
-
+               Call("textureSample", texture_name, sampler_name, coords_name, array_index)),
-    stmts.emplace_back(Assign("sampler_result", Call("textureSample", texture_name, sampler_name,
+        Return(),
-                                                     coords_name, array_index)));
+    };
-    stmts.emplace_back(Return());
+    return Func(func_name, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), std::move(stmts), std::move(attributes));
-
-    return Func(func_name, {}, ty.void_(), stmts, attributes);
 }
 
 const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakeComparisonSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
@@ -252,17 +253,16 @@ const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakeComparisonSamplerReferenceBodyFunctio
     const std::string& coords_name,
     const std::string& depth_name,
     const ast::Type* base_type,
-    ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
     std::string result_name = "sampler_result";
 
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    utils::Vector stmts{
-
+        Decl(Var("sampler_result", base_type)),
-    stmts.emplace_back(Decl(Var("sampler_result", base_type)));
+        Assign("sampler_result",
-    stmts.emplace_back(Assign("sampler_result", Call("textureSampleCompare", texture_name,
+               Call("textureSampleCompare", texture_name, sampler_name, coords_name, depth_name)),
-                                                     sampler_name, coords_name, depth_name)));
+        Return(),
-    stmts.emplace_back(Return());
+    };
-
+    return Func(func_name, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), std::move(stmts), std::move(attributes));
-    return Func(func_name, {}, ty.void_(), stmts, attributes);
 }
 
 const ast::Type* InspectorBuilder::GetBaseType(ResourceBinding::SampledKind sampled_kind) {
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ void InspectorBuilder::AddStorageTexture(const std::string& name,
                                          uint32_t group,
                                          uint32_t binding) {
     GlobalVar(name, type,
-              ast::AttributeList{
+              utils::Vector{
                   create<ast::BindingAttribute>(binding),
                   create<ast::GroupAttribute>(group),
               });
@@ -316,14 +316,14 @@ const ast::Function* InspectorBuilder::MakeStorageTextureBodyFunction(
     const std::string& func_name,
     const std::string& st_name,
     const ast::Type* dim_type,
-    ast::AttributeList attributes) {
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes) {
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    utils::Vector stmts{
+        Decl(Var("dim", dim_type)),
+        Assign("dim", Call("textureDimensions", st_name)),
+        Return(),
+    };
 
-    stmts.emplace_back(Decl(Var("dim", dim_type)));
+    return Func(func_name, utils::Empty, ty.void_(), std::move(stmts), std::move(attributes));
-    stmts.emplace_back(Assign("dim", Call("textureDimensions", st_name)));
-    stmts.emplace_back(Return());
-
-    return Func(func_name, {}, ty.void_(), stmts, attributes);
 }
 
 std::function<const ast::Type*()> InspectorBuilder::GetTypeFunction(ComponentType component,

src/tint/inspector/test_inspector_builder.h

@@ -44,28 +44,31 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// Generates an empty function
     /// @param name name of the function created
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
-    void MakeEmptyBodyFunction(std::string name, ast::AttributeList attributes);
+    void MakeEmptyBodyFunction(std::string name,
+                               utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Generates a function that calls other functions
     /// @param caller name of the function created
     /// @param callees names of the functions to be called
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
     void MakeCallerBodyFunction(std::string caller,
-                                std::vector<std::string> callees,
+                                utils::VectorRef<std::string> callees,
-                                ast::AttributeList attributes);
+                                utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
+
+    /// InOutInfo is a tuple of name and location for a structure member
+    using InOutInfo = std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>;
 
     /// Generates a struct that contains user-defined IO members
     /// @param name the name of the generated struct
     /// @param inout_vars tuples of {name, loc} that will be the struct members
     /// @returns a structure object
-    const ast::Struct* MakeInOutStruct(std::string name,
+    const ast::Struct* MakeInOutStruct(std::string name, utils::VectorRef<InOutInfo> inout_vars);
-                                       std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> inout_vars);
 
     // TODO(crbug.com/tint/697): Remove this.
     /// Add In/Out variables to the global variables
     /// @param inout_vars tuples of {in, out} that will be added as entries to the
     ///                   global variables
-    void AddInOutVariables(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> inout_vars);
+    void AddInOutVariables(utils::VectorRef<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> inout_vars);
 
     // TODO(crbug.com/tint/697): Remove this.
     /// Generates a function that references in/out variables
@@ -73,9 +76,10 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param inout_vars tuples of {in, out} that will be converted into out = in
     ///                   calls in the function body
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
-    void MakeInOutVariableBodyFunction(std::string name,
+    void MakeInOutVariableBodyFunction(
-                                       std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> inout_vars,
+        std::string name,
-                                       ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        utils::VectorRef<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> inout_vars,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     // TODO(crbug.com/tint/697): Remove this.
     /// Generates a function that references in/out variables and calls another
@@ -89,9 +93,8 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     const ast::Function* MakeInOutVariableCallerBodyFunction(
         std::string caller,
         std::string callee,
-        std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> inout_vars,
+        utils::VectorRef<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> inout_vars,
-        ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
-
 
     /// Generates a function that references module-scoped, plain-typed constant
     /// or variable.
@@ -100,15 +103,16 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param type type of the const being referenced
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
     /// @returns a function object
-    const ast::Function* MakePlainGlobalReferenceBodyFunction(std::string func,
+    const ast::Function* MakePlainGlobalReferenceBodyFunction(
-                                                              std::string var,
+        std::string func,
-                                                              const ast::Type* type,
+        std::string var,
-                                                              ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        const ast::Type* type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// @param vec Vector of StageVariable to be searched
     /// @param name Name to be searching for
     /// @returns true if name is in vec, otherwise false
-    bool ContainsName(const std::vector<StageVariable>& vec, const std::string& name);
+    bool ContainsName(utils::VectorRef<StageVariable> vec, const std::string& name);
 
     /// Builds a string for accessing a member in a generated struct
     /// @param idx index of member
@@ -121,14 +125,15 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param member_types a vector of member types
     /// @returns a struct type
     const ast::Struct* MakeStructType(const std::string& name,
-                                      std::vector<const ast::Type*> member_types);
+                                      utils::VectorRef<const ast::Type*> member_types);
 
     /// Generates a struct type from a list of member nodes.
     /// @param name name for the struct type
     /// @param members a vector of members
     /// @returns a struct type
-    const ast::Struct* MakeStructTypeFromMembers(const std::string& name,
+    const ast::Struct* MakeStructTypeFromMembers(
-                                                 ast::StructMemberList members);
+        const std::string& name,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::StructMember*> members);
 
     /// Generates a struct member with a specified index and type.
     /// @param index index of the field within the struct
@@ -137,14 +142,14 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns a struct member
     const ast::StructMember* MakeStructMember(size_t index,
                                               const ast::Type* type,
-                                              ast::AttributeList attributes);
+                                              utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Generates types appropriate for using in an uniform buffer
     /// @param name name for the type
     /// @param member_types a vector of member types
     /// @returns a struct type that has the layout for an uniform buffer.
     const ast::Struct* MakeUniformBufferType(const std::string& name,
-                                             std::vector<const ast::Type*> member_types);
+                                             utils::VectorRef<const ast::Type*> member_types);
 
     /// Generates types appropriate for using in a storage buffer
     /// @param name name for the type
@@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns a function that returns the created structure.
     std::function<const ast::TypeName*()> MakeStorageBufferTypes(
         const std::string& name,
-        std::vector<const ast::Type*> member_types);
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Type*> member_types);
 
     /// Adds an uniform buffer variable to the program
     /// @param name the name of the variable
@@ -181,14 +186,16 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
                           uint32_t group,
                           uint32_t binding);
 
+    /// MemberInfo is a tuple of member index and type.
+    using MemberInfo = std::tuple<size_t, const ast::Type*>;
+
     /// Generates a function that references a specific struct variable
     /// @param func_name name of the function created
     /// @param struct_name name of the struct variabler to be accessed
     /// @param members list of members to access, by index and type
-    void MakeStructVariableReferenceBodyFunction(
+    void MakeStructVariableReferenceBodyFunction(std::string func_name,
-        std::string func_name,
+                                                 std::string struct_name,
-        std::string struct_name,
+                                                 utils::VectorRef<MemberInfo> members);
-        std::vector<std::tuple<size_t, const ast::Type*>> members);
 
     /// Adds a regular sampler variable to the program
     /// @param name the name of the variable
@@ -225,12 +232,13 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param base_type sampler base type
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
     /// @returns a function that references all of the values specified
-    const ast::Function* MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(const std::string& func_name,
+    const ast::Function* MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
-                                                          const std::string& texture_name,
+        const std::string& func_name,
-                                                          const std::string& sampler_name,
+        const std::string& texture_name,
-                                                          const std::string& coords_name,
+        const std::string& sampler_name,
-                                                          const ast::Type* base_type,
+        const std::string& coords_name,
-                                                          ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        const ast::Type* base_type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Generates a function that references a specific sampler variable
     /// @param func_name name of the function created
@@ -241,13 +249,14 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param base_type sampler base type
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
     /// @returns a function that references all of the values specified
-    const ast::Function* MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(const std::string& func_name,
+    const ast::Function* MakeSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
-                                                          const std::string& texture_name,
+        const std::string& func_name,
-                                                          const std::string& sampler_name,
+        const std::string& texture_name,
-                                                          const std::string& coords_name,
+        const std::string& sampler_name,
-                                                          const std::string& array_index,
+        const std::string& coords_name,
-                                                          const ast::Type* base_type,
+        const std::string& array_index,
-                                                          ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        const ast::Type* base_type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Generates a function that references a specific comparison sampler
     /// variable.
@@ -259,13 +268,14 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param base_type sampler base type
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
     /// @returns a function that references all of the values specified
-    const ast::Function* MakeComparisonSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(const std::string& func_name,
+    const ast::Function* MakeComparisonSamplerReferenceBodyFunction(
-                                                                    const std::string& texture_name,
+        const std::string& func_name,
-                                                                    const std::string& sampler_name,
+        const std::string& texture_name,
-                                                                    const std::string& coords_name,
+        const std::string& sampler_name,
-                                                                    const std::string& depth_name,
+        const std::string& coords_name,
-                                                                    const ast::Type* base_type,
+        const std::string& depth_name,
-                                                                    ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        const ast::Type* base_type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Gets an appropriate type for the data in a given texture type.
     /// @param sampled_kind type of in the texture
@@ -301,10 +311,11 @@ class InspectorBuilder : public ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param dim_type type expected by textureDimensons to return
     /// @param attributes the function attributes
     /// @returns a function that references all of the values specified
-    const ast::Function* MakeStorageTextureBodyFunction(const std::string& func_name,
+    const ast::Function* MakeStorageTextureBodyFunction(
-                                                        const std::string& st_name,
+        const std::string& func_name,
-                                                        const ast::Type* dim_type,
+        const std::string& st_name,
-                                                        ast::AttributeList attributes);
+        const ast::Type* dim_type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes);
 
     /// Get a generator function that returns a type appropriate for a stage
     /// variable with the given combination of component and composition type.

src/tint/program_builder.cc

@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ const ast::Statement* ProgramBuilder::WrapInStatement(const ast::Statement* stmt
     return stmt;
 }
 
-const ast::Function* ProgramBuilder::WrapInFunction(const ast::StatementList stmts) {
+const ast::Function* ProgramBuilder::WrapInFunction(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts) {
     return Func("test_function", {}, ty.void_(), std::move(stmts),
-                {
+                utils::Vector{
                     create<ast::StageAttribute>(ast::PipelineStage::kCompute),
                     WorkgroupSize(1_i, 1_i, 1_i),
                 });

src/tint/program_builder.h

@@ -120,6 +120,30 @@ class VariableDeclStatement;
 
 namespace tint {
 
+namespace detail {
+
+/// IsVectorLike<T>::value is true if T is a utils::Vector or utils::VectorRef.
+template <typename T>
+struct IsVectorLike {
+    /// Non-specialized form of IsVectorLike defaults to false
+    static constexpr bool value = false;
+};
+
+/// IsVectorLike specialization for utils::Vector
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct IsVectorLike<utils::Vector<T, N>> {
+    /// True for the IsVectorLike specialization of utils::Vector
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+};
+
+/// IsVectorLike specialization for utils::VectorRef
+template <typename T>
+struct IsVectorLike<utils::VectorRef<T>> {
+    /// True for the IsVectorLike specialization of utils::VectorRef
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
 /// ProgramBuilder is a mutable builder for a Program.
 /// To construct a Program, populate the builder and then `std::move` it to a
 /// Program.
@@ -131,6 +155,12 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     using DisableIfSource =
         traits::EnableIfIsNotType<traits::Decay<traits::NthTypeOf<0, TYPES..., void>>, Source>;
 
+    /// A helper used to disable overloads if the first type in `TYPES` is a utils::Vector,
+    /// utils::VectorRef or utils::VectorRef.
+    template <typename... TYPES>
+    using DisableIfVectorLike = traits::EnableIf<
+        !detail::IsVectorLike<traits::Decay<traits::NthTypeOf<0, TYPES..., void>>>::value>;
+
     /// VarOptionals is a helper for accepting a number of optional, extra
     /// arguments for Var() and GlobalVar().
     struct VarOptionals {
@@ -143,13 +173,13 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
         ast::StorageClass storage = ast::StorageClass::kNone;
         ast::Access access = ast::Access::kUndefined;
         const ast::Expression* constructor = nullptr;
-        ast::AttributeList attributes = {};
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 4> attributes;
 
       private:
         void Set(ast::StorageClass sc) { storage = sc; }
         void Set(ast::Access ac) { access = ac; }
         void Set(const ast::Expression* c) { constructor = c; }
-        void Set(const ast::AttributeList& l) { attributes = l; }
+        void Set(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> l) { attributes = std::move(l); }
 
         template <typename FIRST, typename... ARGS>
         void Apply(FIRST&& first, ARGS&&... args) {
@@ -687,11 +717,12 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
         /// @param attrs the optional attributes for the array
         /// @return the tint AST type for a array of size `n` of type `T`
         template <typename EXPR = ast::Expression*>
-        const ast::Array* array(const ast::Type* subtype,
+        const ast::Array* array(
-                                EXPR&& n = nullptr,
+            const ast::Type* subtype,
-                                ast::AttributeList attrs = {}) const {
+            EXPR&& n = nullptr,
+            utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attrs = utils::Empty) const {
             return builder->create<ast::Array>(subtype, builder->Expr(std::forward<EXPR>(n)),
-                                               attrs);
+                                               std::move(attrs));
         }
 
         /// @param source the Source of the node
@@ -700,12 +731,13 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
         /// @param attrs the optional attributes for the array
         /// @return the tint AST type for a array of size `n` of type `T`
         template <typename EXPR = ast::Expression*>
-        const ast::Array* array(const Source& source,
+        const ast::Array* array(
-                                const ast::Type* subtype,
+            const Source& source,
-                                EXPR&& n = nullptr,
+            const ast::Type* subtype,
-                                ast::AttributeList attrs = {}) const {
+            EXPR&& n = nullptr,
-            return builder->create<ast::Array>(source, subtype,
+            utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attrs = utils::Empty) const {
-                                               builder->Expr(std::forward<EXPR>(n)), attrs);
+            return builder->create<ast::Array>(
+                source, subtype, builder->Expr(std::forward<EXPR>(n)), std::move(attrs));
         }
 
         /// @param subtype the array element type
@@ -714,9 +746,9 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
         /// @return the tint AST type for a array of size `n` of type `T`
         template <typename EXPR>
         const ast::Array* array(const ast::Type* subtype, EXPR&& n, uint32_t stride) const {
-            ast::AttributeList attrs;
+            utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 2> attrs;
             if (stride) {
-                attrs.emplace_back(builder->create<ast::StrideAttribute>(stride));
+                attrs.Push(builder->create<ast::StrideAttribute>(stride));
             }
             return array(subtype, std::forward<EXPR>(n), std::move(attrs));
         }
@@ -731,9 +763,9 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
                                 const ast::Type* subtype,
                                 EXPR&& n,
                                 uint32_t stride) const {
-            ast::AttributeList attrs;
+            utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 2> attrs;
             if (stride) {
-                attrs.emplace_back(builder->create<ast::StrideAttribute>(stride));
+                attrs.Push(builder->create<ast::StrideAttribute>(stride));
             }
             return array(source, subtype, std::forward<EXPR>(n), std::move(attrs));
         }
@@ -1182,9 +1214,9 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// `list`.
     /// @param list the list to append too
     /// @param arg the arg to create
-    template <typename ARG>
+    template <size_t N, typename ARG>
-    void Append(ast::ExpressionList& list, ARG&& arg) {
+    void Append(utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, N>& list, ARG&& arg) {
-        list.emplace_back(Expr(std::forward<ARG>(arg)));
+        list.Push(Expr(std::forward<ARG>(arg)));
     }
 
     /// Converts `arg0` and `args` to `ast::Expression`s using `Expr()`,
@@ -1192,29 +1224,38 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param list the list to append too
     /// @param arg0 the first argument
     /// @param args the rest of the arguments
-    template <typename ARG0, typename... ARGS>
+    template <size_t N, typename ARG0, typename... ARGS>
-    void Append(ast::ExpressionList& list, ARG0&& arg0, ARGS&&... args) {
+    void Append(utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, N>& list, ARG0&& arg0, ARGS&&... args) {
         Append(list, std::forward<ARG0>(arg0));
         Append(list, std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
     }
 
-    /// @return an empty list of expressions
+    /// @return utils::EmptyType
-    ast::ExpressionList ExprList() { return {}; }
+    utils::EmptyType ExprList() { return utils::Empty; }
 
     /// @param args the list of expressions
     /// @return the list of expressions converted to `ast::Expression`s using
     /// `Expr()`,
-    template <typename... ARGS>
+    template <typename... ARGS, typename = DisableIfVectorLike<ARGS...>>
-    ast::ExpressionList ExprList(ARGS&&... args) {
+    auto ExprList(ARGS&&... args) {
-        ast::ExpressionList list;
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, sizeof...(ARGS)> list;
-        list.reserve(sizeof...(args));
         Append(list, std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
         return list;
     }
 
     /// @param list the list of expressions
     /// @return `list`
-    ast::ExpressionList ExprList(ast::ExpressionList list) { return list; }
+    template <typename T, size_t N>
+    utils::Vector<T, N> ExprList(utils::Vector<T, N>&& list) {
+        return std::move(list);
+    }
+
+    /// @param list the list of expressions
+    /// @return `list`
+    utils::VectorRef<const ast::Expression*> ExprList(
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Expression*> list) {
+        return list;
+    }
 
     /// @param args the arguments for the type constructor
     /// @return an `ast::CallExpression` of type `ty`, with the values
@@ -1589,7 +1630,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     const ast::Const* Const(NAME&& name,
                             const ast::Type* type,
                             const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                            ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+                            utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::Const>(Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, constructor, attributes);
     }
 
@@ -1604,7 +1645,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
                             NAME&& name,
                             const ast::Type* type,
                             const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                            ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+                            utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::Const>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, constructor,
                                   attributes);
     }
@@ -1618,7 +1659,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     const ast::Let* Let(NAME&& name,
                         const ast::Type* type,
                         const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                        ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+                        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::Let>(Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, constructor, attributes);
     }
 
@@ -1633,7 +1674,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
                         NAME&& name,
                         const ast::Type* type,
                         const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                        ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+                        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::Let>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, constructor,
                                 attributes);
     }
@@ -1645,7 +1686,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     template <typename NAME>
     const ast::Parameter* Param(NAME&& name,
                                 const ast::Type* type,
-                                ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+                                utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::Parameter>(Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, attributes);
     }
 
@@ -1658,7 +1699,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     const ast::Parameter* Param(const Source& source,
                                 NAME&& name,
                                 const ast::Type* type,
-                                ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+                                utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::Parameter>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, attributes);
     }
 
@@ -1712,10 +1753,11 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns an `ast::Const` constructed by calling Const() with the arguments of `args`, which
     /// is automatically registered as a global variable with the ast::Module.
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Const* GlobalConst(NAME&& name,
+    const ast::Const* GlobalConst(
-                                  const ast::Type* type,
+        NAME&& name,
-                                  const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        const ast::Type* type,
-                                  ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+        const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         auto* var = Const(std::forward<NAME>(name), type, constructor, std::move(attributes));
         AST().AddGlobalVariable(var);
         return var;
@@ -1730,11 +1772,12 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// arguments of `args`, which is automatically registered as a global
     /// variable with the ast::Module.
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Const* GlobalConst(const Source& source,
+    const ast::Const* GlobalConst(
-                                  NAME&& name,
+        const Source& source,
-                                  const ast::Type* type,
+        NAME&& name,
-                                  const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        const ast::Type* type,
-                                  ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+        const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         auto* var =
             Const(source, std::forward<NAME>(name), type, constructor, std::move(attributes));
         AST().AddGlobalVariable(var);
@@ -1748,10 +1791,11 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns an `ast::Override` which is automatically registered as a global variable with the
     /// ast::Module.
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Override* Override(NAME&& name,
+    const ast::Override* Override(
-                                  const ast::Type* type,
+        NAME&& name,
-                                  const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        const ast::Type* type,
-                                  ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+        const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         auto* var = create<ast::Override>(source_, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, constructor,
                                           std::move(attributes));
         AST().AddGlobalVariable(var);
@@ -1766,11 +1810,12 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns an `ast::Override` constructed with the arguments of `args`, which is automatically
     /// registered as a global variable with the ast::Module.
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Override* Override(const Source& source,
+    const ast::Override* Override(
-                                  NAME&& name,
+        const Source& source,
-                                  const ast::Type* type,
+        NAME&& name,
-                                  const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        const ast::Type* type,
-                                  ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+        const ast::Expression* constructor,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         auto* var = create<ast::Override>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type, constructor,
                                           std::move(attributes));
         AST().AddGlobalVariable(var);
@@ -2158,7 +2203,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param group the group index
     /// @param binding the binding index
     /// @returns a attribute list with both the group and binding attributes
-    ast::AttributeList GroupAndBinding(uint32_t group, uint32_t binding) {
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 2> GroupAndBinding(uint32_t group, uint32_t binding) {
         return {Group(group), Binding(binding)};
     }
 
@@ -2173,16 +2218,18 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// attributes
     /// @returns the function pointer
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Function* Func(const Source& source,
+    const ast::Function* Func(
-                              NAME&& name,
+        const Source& source,
-                              ast::ParameterList params,
+        NAME&& name,
-                              const ast::Type* type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Parameter*> params,
-                              ast::StatementList body,
+        const ast::Type* type,
-                              ast::AttributeList attributes = {},
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> body,
-                              ast::AttributeList return_type_attributes = {}) {
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty,
-        auto* func = create<ast::Function>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), params, type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> return_type_attributes = utils::Empty) {
-                                           create<ast::BlockStatement>(body), attributes,
+        auto* func =
-                                           return_type_attributes);
+            create<ast::Function>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), std::move(params), type,
+                                  create<ast::BlockStatement>(std::move(body)),
+                                  std::move(attributes), std::move(return_type_attributes));
         AST().AddFunction(func);
         return func;
     }
@@ -2197,15 +2244,17 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// attributes
     /// @returns the function pointer
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Function* Func(NAME&& name,
+    const ast::Function* Func(
-                              ast::ParameterList params,
+        NAME&& name,
-                              const ast::Type* type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Parameter*> params,
-                              ast::StatementList body,
+        const ast::Type* type,
-                              ast::AttributeList attributes = {},
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> body,
-                              ast::AttributeList return_type_attributes = {}) {
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty,
-        auto* func = create<ast::Function>(Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), params, type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> return_type_attributes = utils::Empty) {
-                                           create<ast::BlockStatement>(body), attributes,
+        auto* func =
-                                           return_type_attributes);
+            create<ast::Function>(Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), std::move(params), type,
+                                  create<ast::BlockStatement>(std::move(body)),
+                                  std::move(attributes), std::move(return_type_attributes));
         AST().AddFunction(func);
         return func;
     }
@@ -2300,9 +2349,11 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param members the struct members
     /// @returns the struct type
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Struct* Structure(const Source& source, NAME&& name, ast::StructMemberList members) {
+    const ast::Struct* Structure(const Source& source,
+                                 NAME&& name,
+                                 utils::VectorRef<const ast::StructMember*> members) {
         auto sym = Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name));
-        auto* type = create<ast::Struct>(source, sym, std::move(members), ast::AttributeList{});
+        auto* type = create<ast::Struct>(source, sym, std::move(members), utils::Empty);
         AST().AddTypeDecl(type);
         return type;
     }
@@ -2312,9 +2363,9 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param members the struct members
     /// @returns the struct type
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::Struct* Structure(NAME&& name, ast::StructMemberList members) {
+    const ast::Struct* Structure(NAME&& name, utils::VectorRef<const ast::StructMember*> members) {
         auto sym = Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name));
-        auto* type = create<ast::Struct>(sym, std::move(members), ast::AttributeList{});
+        auto* type = create<ast::Struct>(sym, std::move(members), utils::Empty);
         AST().AddTypeDecl(type);
         return type;
     }
@@ -2326,10 +2377,11 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param attributes the optional struct member attributes
     /// @returns the struct member pointer
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::StructMember* Member(const Source& source,
+    const ast::StructMember* Member(
-                                    NAME&& name,
+        const Source& source,
-                                    const ast::Type* type,
+        NAME&& name,
-                                    ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+        const ast::Type* type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::StructMember>(source, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type,
                                          std::move(attributes));
     }
@@ -2340,22 +2392,23 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param attributes the optional struct member attributes
     /// @returns the struct member pointer
     template <typename NAME>
-    const ast::StructMember* Member(NAME&& name,
+    const ast::StructMember* Member(
-                                    const ast::Type* type,
+        NAME&& name,
-                                    ast::AttributeList attributes = {}) {
+        const ast::Type* type,
+        utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attributes = utils::Empty) {
         return create<ast::StructMember>(source_, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type,
                                          std::move(attributes));
     }
 
     /// Creates a ast::StructMember with the given byte offset
-    /// @param offset the offset to use in the StructMemberOffsetattribute
+    /// @param offset the offset to use in the StructMemberOffsetAttribute
     /// @param name the struct member name
     /// @param type the struct member type
     /// @returns the struct member pointer
     template <typename NAME>
     const ast::StructMember* Member(uint32_t offset, NAME&& name, const ast::Type* type) {
         return create<ast::StructMember>(source_, Sym(std::forward<NAME>(name)), type,
-                                         ast::AttributeList{
+                                         utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 1>{
                                              create<ast::StructMemberOffsetAttribute>(offset),
                                          });
     }
@@ -2367,7 +2420,9 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     template <typename... Statements>
     const ast::BlockStatement* Block(const Source& source, Statements&&... statements) {
         return create<ast::BlockStatement>(
-            source, ast::StatementList{std::forward<Statements>(statements)...});
+            source, utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, sizeof...(statements)>{
+                        std::forward<Statements>(statements)...,
+                    });
     }
 
     /// Creates a ast::BlockStatement with input statements
@@ -2376,7 +2431,9 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     template <typename... STATEMENTS, typename = DisableIfSource<STATEMENTS...>>
     const ast::BlockStatement* Block(STATEMENTS&&... statements) {
         return create<ast::BlockStatement>(
-            ast::StatementList{std::forward<STATEMENTS>(statements)...});
+            utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, sizeof...(statements)>{
+                std::forward<STATEMENTS>(statements)...,
+            });
     }
 
     /// A wrapper type for the Else statement used to create If statements.
@@ -2618,8 +2675,10 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     const ast::SwitchStatement* Switch(const Source& source,
                                        ExpressionInit&& condition,
                                        Cases&&... cases) {
-        return create<ast::SwitchStatement>(source, Expr(std::forward<ExpressionInit>(condition)),
+        return create<ast::SwitchStatement>(
-                                            ast::CaseStatementList{std::forward<Cases>(cases)...});
+            source, Expr(std::forward<ExpressionInit>(condition)),
+            utils::Vector<const ast::CaseStatement*, sizeof...(cases)>{
+                std::forward<Cases>(cases)...});
     }
 
     /// Creates a ast::SwitchStatement with input expression and cases
@@ -2630,8 +2689,10 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
               typename... Cases,
               typename = DisableIfSource<ExpressionInit>>
     const ast::SwitchStatement* Switch(ExpressionInit&& condition, Cases&&... cases) {
-        return create<ast::SwitchStatement>(Expr(std::forward<ExpressionInit>(condition)),
+        return create<ast::SwitchStatement>(
-                                            ast::CaseStatementList{std::forward<Cases>(cases)...});
+            Expr(std::forward<ExpressionInit>(condition)),
+            utils::Vector<const ast::CaseStatement*, sizeof...(cases)>{
+                std::forward<Cases>(cases)...});
     }
 
     /// Creates a ast::CaseStatement with input list of selectors, and body
@@ -2640,7 +2701,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param body the case body
     /// @returns the case statement pointer
     const ast::CaseStatement* Case(const Source& source,
-                                   ast::CaseSelectorList selectors,
+                                   utils::VectorRef<const ast::IntLiteralExpression*> selectors,
                                    const ast::BlockStatement* body = nullptr) {
         return create<ast::CaseStatement>(source, std::move(selectors), body ? body : Block());
     }
@@ -2649,7 +2710,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @param selectors list of selectors
     /// @param body the case body
     /// @returns the case statement pointer
-    const ast::CaseStatement* Case(ast::CaseSelectorList selectors,
+    const ast::CaseStatement* Case(utils::VectorRef<const ast::IntLiteralExpression*> selectors,
                                    const ast::BlockStatement* body = nullptr) {
         return create<ast::CaseStatement>(std::move(selectors), body ? body : Block());
     }
@@ -2660,7 +2721,7 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns the case statement pointer
     const ast::CaseStatement* Case(const ast::IntLiteralExpression* selector,
                                    const ast::BlockStatement* body = nullptr) {
-        return Case(ast::CaseSelectorList{selector}, body);
+        return Case(utils::Vector{selector}, body);
     }
 
     /// Convenience function that creates a 'default' ast::CaseStatement
@@ -2669,14 +2730,14 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns the case statement pointer
     const ast::CaseStatement* DefaultCase(const Source& source,
                                           const ast::BlockStatement* body = nullptr) {
-        return Case(source, ast::CaseSelectorList{}, body);
+        return Case(source, utils::Empty, body);
     }
 
     /// Convenience function that creates a 'default' ast::CaseStatement
     /// @param body the case body
     /// @returns the case statement pointer
     const ast::CaseStatement* DefaultCase(const ast::BlockStatement* body = nullptr) {
-        return Case(ast::CaseSelectorList{}, body);
+        return Case(utils::Empty, body);
     }
 
     /// Creates an ast::FallthroughStatement
@@ -2957,13 +3018,15 @@ class ProgramBuilder {
     /// @returns the function
     template <typename... ARGS>
     const ast::Function* WrapInFunction(ARGS&&... args) {
-        ast::StatementList stmts{WrapInStatement(std::forward<ARGS>(args))...};
+        utils::Vector stmts{
-        return WrapInFunction(std::move(stmts));
+            WrapInStatement(std::forward<ARGS>(args))...,
+        };
+        return WrapInFunction(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*>{std::move(stmts)});
     }
     /// @param stmts a list of ast::Statement that will be wrapped by a function,
     /// so that each statement is reachable by the Resolver.
     /// @returns the function
-    const ast::Function* WrapInFunction(ast::StatementList stmts);
+    const ast::Function* WrapInFunction(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts);
 
     /// The builder types
     TypesBuilder const ty{this};

src/tint/program_builder_test.cc

@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ TEST_F(ProgramBuilderTest, WrapDoesntAffectInner) {
         return builder;
     }());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions().Length(), 1u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(inner.Symbols().Get("a").IsValid());
     ASSERT_FALSE(inner.Symbols().Get("b").IsValid());
 
     ProgramBuilder outer = ProgramBuilder::Wrap(&inner);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions().Length(), 1u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(outer.AST().Functions().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(outer.AST().Functions().Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions()[0], outer.AST().Functions()[0]);
     EXPECT_TRUE(inner.Symbols().Get("a").IsValid());
     EXPECT_EQ(inner.Symbols().Get("a"), outer.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ TEST_F(ProgramBuilderTest, WrapDoesntAffectInner) {
     auto* ty = outer.ty.f32();
     outer.Func("b", {}, ty, {}, {});
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions().Length(), 1u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(outer.AST().Functions().size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(outer.AST().Functions().Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(inner.AST().Functions()[0], outer.AST().Functions()[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(outer.AST().Functions()[1]->symbol, outer.Symbols().Get("b"));
     EXPECT_EQ(inner.Symbols().Get("a"), outer.Symbols().Get("a"));

src/tint/program_test.cc

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ TEST_F(ProgramTest, Unbuilt) {
 
 TEST_F(ProgramTest, Creation) {
     Program program(std::move(*this));
-    EXPECT_EQ(program.AST().Functions().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(program.AST().Functions().Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ProgramTest, EmptyIsValid) {

src/tint/reader/spirv/construct.h

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
+
+#include "src/tint/utils/vector.h"
 
 namespace tint::reader::spirv {
 
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ struct Construct {
 };
 
 /// ConstructList is a list of Construct unique pointers.
-using ConstructList = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Construct>>;
+using ConstructList = utils::Vector<std::unique_ptr<Construct>, 8>;
 
 /// Converts a construct kind to a string.
 /// @param kind the construct kind to convert

src/tint/reader/spirv/function.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #define SRC_TINT_READER_SPIRV_FUNCTION_H_
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ struct BlockInfo {
     /// switch?
     bool default_is_merge = false;
     /// The list of switch values that cause a branch to this block.
-    std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint64_t>> case_values;
+    std::optional<utils::Vector<uint64_t, 4>> case_values;
 
     /// The following fields record relationships among blocks in a selection
     /// construct for an OpBranchConditional instruction.
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ struct BlockInfo {
     /// The result IDs that this block is responsible for declaring as a
     /// hoisted variable.
     /// @see DefInfo#requires_hoisted_def
-    std::vector<uint32_t> hoisted_ids;
+    utils::Vector<uint32_t, 4> hoisted_ids;
 
     /// A PhiAssignment represents the assignment of a value to the state
     /// variable associated with an OpPhi in a successor block.
@@ -170,10 +171,10 @@ struct BlockInfo {
     };
     /// If this basic block branches to a visited basic block containing phis,
     /// then this is the list of writes to the variables associated those phis.
-    std::vector<PhiAssignment> phi_assignments;
+    utils::Vector<PhiAssignment, 4> phi_assignments;
     /// The IDs of OpPhi instructions which require their associated state
     /// variable to be declared in this basic block.
-    std::vector<uint32_t> phis_needing_state_vars;
+    utils::Vector<uint32_t, 4> phis_needing_state_vars;
 };
 
 /// Writes the BlockInfo to the ostream
@@ -388,6 +389,12 @@ class StatementBuilder : public Castable<StatementBuilder, ast::Statement> {
 
 /// A FunctionEmitter emits a SPIR-V function onto a Tint AST module.
 class FunctionEmitter {
+    using AttributeList = utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 8>;
+    using StructMemberList = utils::Vector<const ast::StructMember*, 8>;
+    using ExpressionList = utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8>;
+    using ParameterList = utils::Vector<const ast::Parameter*, 8>;
+    using StatementList = utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 8>;
+
   public:
     /// Creates a FunctionEmitter, and prepares to write to the AST module
     /// in `pi`
@@ -420,7 +427,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// Finalizes any StatementBuilders returns the body of the function.
     /// Must only be called once, and to be used only for testing.
     /// @returns the body of the function.
-    const ast::StatementList ast_body();
+    StatementList ast_body();
 
     /// Records failure.
     /// @returns a FailStream on which to emit diagnostics.
@@ -455,12 +462,12 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// @returns false if emission failed
     bool EmitPipelineInput(std::string var_name,
                            const Type* var_type,
-                           ast::AttributeList* decos,
+                           AttributeList* decos,
-                           std::vector<int> index_prefix,
+                           utils::Vector<int, 8> index_prefix,
                            const Type* tip_type,
                            const Type* forced_param_type,
-                           ast::ParameterList* params,
+                           ParameterList* params,
-                           ast::StatementList* statements);
+                           StatementList* statements);
 
     /// Creates one or more struct members from an output variable, and the
     /// expressions that compute the value they contribute to the entry point
@@ -471,37 +478,30 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// @param var_name The name of the variable
     /// @param var_type The store type of the variable
     /// @param decos The variable's decorations
-    /// @param index_prefix Indices stepping into the variable, indicating
+    /// @param index_prefix Indices stepping into the variable, indicating what part of the variable
-    /// what part of the variable to populate.
+    /// to populate.
-    /// @param tip_type The type of the component inside variable, after indexing
+    /// @param tip_type The type of the component inside variable, after indexing with the indices
-    /// with the indices in `index_prefix`.
+    /// in `index_prefix`.
-    /// @param forced_member_type The type forced by WGSL, if the variable is a
+    /// @param forced_member_type The type forced by WGSL, if the variable is a builtin, otherwise
-    /// builtin, otherwise the same as var_type.
+    /// the same as var_type.
-    /// @param return_members The struct member list where the new member is
+    /// @param return_members The struct member list where the new member is added.
-    /// added.
+    /// @param return_exprs The expression list where the return expression is added.
-    /// @param return_exprs The expression list where the return expression is
-    /// added.
     /// @returns false if emission failed
     bool EmitPipelineOutput(std::string var_name,
                             const Type* var_type,
-                            ast::AttributeList* decos,
+                            AttributeList* decos,
-                            std::vector<int> index_prefix,
+                            utils::Vector<int, 8> index_prefix,
                             const Type* tip_type,
                             const Type* forced_member_type,
-                            ast::StructMemberList* return_members,
+                            StructMemberList* return_members,
-                            ast::ExpressionList* return_exprs);
+                            ExpressionList* return_exprs);
 
     /// Updates the attribute list, replacing an existing Location attribute
     /// with another having one higher location value. Does nothing if no
     /// location attribute exists.
     /// Assumes the list contains at most one Location attribute.
     /// @param attributes the attribute list to modify
-    void IncrementLocation(ast::AttributeList* attributes);
+    void IncrementLocation(AttributeList* attributes);
-
-    /// Returns the Location attribute, if it exists.
-    /// @param attributes the list of attributes to search
-    /// @returns the Location attribute, or nullptr if it doesn't exist
-    const ast::Attribute* GetLocation(const ast::AttributeList& attributes);
 
     /// Create an ast::BlockStatement representing the body of the function.
     /// This creates the statement stack, which is non-empty for the lifetime
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// On failure, issues an error and returns an empty expression list.
     /// @param image_access the image access instruction
     /// @returns an ExpressionList of the coordinate and array index (if any)
-    ast::ExpressionList MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(
+    ExpressionList MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(
         const spvtools::opt::Instruction& image_access);
 
     /// Returns the given value as an I32.  If it's already an I32 then this
@@ -951,11 +951,11 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
         /// Function name
         std::string name;
         /// Function parameters
-        ast::ParameterList params;
+        ParameterList params;
         /// Function return type
         const Type* return_type;
         /// Function attributes
-        ast::AttributeList attributes;
+        AttributeList attributes;
     };
 
     /// Parse the function declaration, which comprises the name, parameters, and
@@ -1117,8 +1117,8 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// @return the built StatementBuilder
     template <typename T, typename... ARGS>
     T* AddStatementBuilder(ARGS&&... args) {
-        TINT_ASSERT(Reader, !statements_stack_.empty());
+        TINT_ASSERT(Reader, !statements_stack_.IsEmpty());
-        return statements_stack_.back().AddStatementBuilder<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
+        return statements_stack_.Back().AddStatementBuilder<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
     }
 
     /// Returns the source record for the given instruction.
@@ -1126,10 +1126,10 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     /// @return the Source record, or a default one
     Source GetSourceForInst(const spvtools::opt::Instruction& inst) const;
 
-    /// @returns the last statetment in the top of the statement stack.
+    /// @returns the last statement in the top of the statement stack.
     const ast::Statement* LastStatement();
 
-    using CompletionAction = std::function<void(const ast::StatementList&)>;
+    using CompletionAction = std::function<void(const StatementList&)>;
 
     // A StatementBlock represents a braced-list of statements while it is being
     // constructed.
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
 
         /// @return the list of statements being built, if this construct is not a
         /// switch.
-        const ast::StatementList& GetStatements() const { return statements_; }
+        const StatementList& GetStatements() const { return statements_; }
 
       private:
         /// The construct to which this construct constributes.
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
         /// The completion action finishes processing this statement block.
         FunctionEmitter::CompletionAction const completion_action_;
         /// The list of statements being built, if this construct is not a switch.
-        ast::StatementList statements_;
+        StatementList statements_;
 
         /// Owned statement builders
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<StatementBuilder>> builders_;
@@ -1251,7 +1251,6 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
         return builder_.create<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
     }
 
-    using StatementsStack = std::vector<StatementBlock>;
     using PtrAs = ParserImpl::PtrAs;
 
     ParserImpl& parser_impl_;
@@ -1275,7 +1274,7 @@ class FunctionEmitter {
     // for the entire function.  This stack is never empty.
     // The `construct` member for the 0th element is only valid during the
     // lifetime of the EmitFunctionBodyStatements method.
-    StatementsStack statements_stack_;
+    utils::Vector<StatementBlock, 8> statements_stack_;
 
     // The map of IDs that have already had an identifier name generated for it,
     // to their Type.

src/tint/reader/spirv/function_call_test.cc

@@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, EmitStatement_ScalarCallNoParams) {
      OpFunctionEnd
   )"));
     ASSERT_TRUE(p->BuildAndParseInternalModuleExceptFunctions()) << p->error();
-    ast::StatementList f100;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 4> f100;
     {
         auto fe = p->function_emitter(100);
         EXPECT_TRUE(fe.EmitBody()) << p->error();
         f100 = fe.ast_body();
     }
-    ast::StatementList f50;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 4> f50;
     {
         auto fe = p->function_emitter(50);
         EXPECT_TRUE(fe.EmitBody()) << p->error();
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, EmitStatement_ScalarCallNoParamsUsedTwice) {
      OpFunctionEnd
   )"));
     ASSERT_TRUE(p->BuildAndParseInternalModuleExceptFunctions()) << p->error();
-    ast::StatementList f100;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 4> f100;
     {
         auto fe = p->function_emitter(100);
         EXPECT_TRUE(fe.EmitBody()) << p->error();
         f100 = fe.ast_body();
     }
-    ast::StatementList f50;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 4> f50;
     {
         auto fe = p->function_emitter(50);
         EXPECT_TRUE(fe.EmitBody()) << p->error();

src/tint/reader/spirv/function_cfg_test.cc

@@ -2894,8 +2894,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_OuterConstructIsFunction_Sin
     fe.ComputeBlockOrderAndPositions();
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
-    EXPECT_EQ(fe.constructs().size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fe.constructs().Length(), 1u);
-    auto& c = fe.constructs().front();
+    auto& c = fe.constructs().Front();
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(c), Eq("Construct{ Function [0,1) begin_id:10 end_id:0 "
                                 "depth:0 parent:null }"));
     EXPECT_EQ(fe.GetBlockInfo(10)->construct, c.get());
@@ -2920,8 +2920,8 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_OuterConstructIsFunction_Mul
     fe.ComputeBlockOrderAndPositions();
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
-    EXPECT_EQ(fe.constructs().size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fe.constructs().Length(), 1u);
-    auto& c = fe.constructs().front();
+    auto& c = fe.constructs().Front();
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(c), Eq("Construct{ Function [0,2) begin_id:10 end_id:0 "
                                 "depth:0 parent:null }"));
     EXPECT_EQ(fe.GetBlockInfo(10)->construct, c.get());
@@ -2955,7 +2955,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_FunctionIsOnlyIfSelectionAnd
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,4) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [0,3) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 }
@@ -3001,7 +3001,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest,
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,6) begin_id:5 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [1,4) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@5 }
@@ -3045,7 +3045,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_SwitchSelection) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,5) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ SwitchSelection [0,4) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 in-c-l-s:SwitchSelection@10 }
@@ -3082,7 +3082,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_SingleBlockLoop) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 2u);
     // A single-block loop consists *only* of a continue target with one block in
     // it.
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
@@ -3223,7 +3223,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_MergeBlockIsAlsoSingleBlockL
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 3u);
     // A single-block loop consists *only* of a continue target with one block in
     // it.
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
@@ -3271,7 +3271,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_MergeBlockIsAlsoMultiBlockLo
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,5) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [0,2) begin_id:10 end_id:50 depth:1 parent:Function@10 }
@@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_If_If) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,9) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [0,8) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 }
@@ -3390,7 +3390,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_Switch_If) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     // The ordering among siblings depends on the computed block order.
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,8) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
@@ -3440,7 +3440,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_If_Switch) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 3u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,5) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [0,4) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 }
@@ -3494,7 +3494,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_Loop_Loop) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,8) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ Continue [4,6) begin_id:50 end_id:89 depth:1 parent:Function@10 in-c:Continue@50 }
@@ -3549,7 +3549,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_Loop_If) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,7) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ Continue [5,6) begin_id:80 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 in-c:Continue@80 }
@@ -3600,7 +3600,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_LoopContinue_If) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,6) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ Continue [2,5) begin_id:30 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 in-c:Continue@30 }
@@ -3644,7 +3644,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_If_SingleBlockLoop) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 3u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,4) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [0,3) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 }
@@ -3693,7 +3693,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_Nest_If_MultiBlockLoop) {
     fe.RegisterMerges();
     EXPECT_TRUE(fe.LabelControlFlowConstructs());
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     EXPECT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,7) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ IfSelection [0,6) begin_id:10 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 }
@@ -3743,7 +3743,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, LabelControlFlowConstructs_LoopInterallyDiverge) {
     auto fe = p->function_emitter(100);
     ASSERT_TRUE(FlowLabelControlFlowConstructs(&fe)) << p->error();
     const auto& constructs = fe.constructs();
-    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.size(), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(constructs.Length(), 4u);
     ASSERT_THAT(ToString(constructs), Eq(R"(ConstructList{
   Construct{ Function [0,6) begin_id:10 end_id:0 depth:0 parent:null }
   Construct{ Continue [4,5) begin_id:90 end_id:99 depth:1 parent:Function@10 in-c:Continue@90 }
@@ -4157,7 +4157,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_NoSwitch) {
     EXPECT_EQ(bi10->case_head_for, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(bi10->default_head_for, nullptr);
     EXPECT_FALSE(bi10->default_is_merge);
-    EXPECT_EQ(bi10->case_values.get(), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(bi10->case_values.has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_DefaultIsMerge) {
@@ -4192,7 +4192,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_DefaultIsMerge) {
     ASSERT_NE(bi99->default_head_for, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(bi99->default_head_for->begin_id, 10u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(bi99->default_is_merge);
-    EXPECT_EQ(bi99->case_values.get(), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(bi99->case_values.has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_DefaultIsNotMerge) {
@@ -4230,7 +4230,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_DefaultIsNotMerge) {
     ASSERT_NE(bi30->default_head_for, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(bi30->default_head_for->begin_id, 10u);
     EXPECT_FALSE(bi30->default_is_merge);
-    EXPECT_EQ(bi30->case_values.get(), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(bi30->case_values.has_value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_CaseIsNotDefault) {
@@ -4268,7 +4268,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_CaseIsNotDefault) {
     EXPECT_EQ(bi20->case_head_for->begin_id, 10u);
     EXPECT_EQ(bi20->default_head_for, nullptr);
     EXPECT_FALSE(bi20->default_is_merge);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*(bi20->case_values.get()), UnorderedElementsAre(200));
+    EXPECT_THAT(bi20->case_values.value(), UnorderedElementsAre(200));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_CaseIsDefault) {
@@ -4303,7 +4303,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_CaseIsDefault) {
     EXPECT_EQ(bi20->case_head_for->begin_id, 10u);
     EXPECT_EQ(bi20->default_head_for, bi20->case_head_for);
     EXPECT_FALSE(bi20->default_is_merge);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*(bi20->case_values.get()), UnorderedElementsAre(200));
+    EXPECT_THAT(bi20->case_values.value(), UnorderedElementsAre(200));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_ManyCasesWithSameValue_IsError) {
@@ -4370,7 +4370,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, FindSwitchCaseHeaders_ManyValuesWithSameCase) {
     EXPECT_EQ(bi20->case_head_for->begin_id, 10u);
     EXPECT_EQ(bi20->default_head_for, nullptr);
     EXPECT_FALSE(bi20->default_is_merge);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*(bi20->case_values.get()), UnorderedElementsAre(200, 300));
+    EXPECT_THAT(bi20->case_values.value(), UnorderedElementsAre(200, 300));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SpvParserCFGTest, ClassifyCFGEdges_BranchEscapesIfConstruct) {

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc

@@ -447,10 +447,10 @@ std::string ParserImpl::ShowType(uint32_t type_id) {
     return "SPIR-V type " + std::to_string(type_id);
 }
 
-ast::AttributeList ParserImpl::ConvertMemberDecoration(uint32_t struct_type_id,
+ParserImpl::AttributeList ParserImpl::ConvertMemberDecoration(uint32_t struct_type_id,
-                                                       uint32_t member_index,
+                                                              uint32_t member_index,
-                                                       const Type* member_ty,
+                                                              const Type* member_ty,
-                                                       const Decoration& decoration) {
+                                                              const Decoration& decoration) {
     if (decoration.empty()) {
         Fail() << "malformed SPIR-V decoration: it's empty";
         return {};
@@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ const Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
     }
 
     // Compute members
-    ast::StructMemberList ast_members;
+    utils::Vector<const ast::StructMember*, 8> ast_members;
     const auto members = struct_ty->element_types();
     if (members.empty()) {
         Fail() << "WGSL does not support empty structures. can't convert type: "
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ const Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
         }
 
         bool is_non_writable = false;
-        ast::AttributeList ast_member_decorations;
+        AttributeList ast_member_decorations;
         for (auto& decoration : GetDecorationsForMember(type_id, member_index)) {
             if (IsPipelineDecoration(decoration)) {
                 // IO decorations are handled when emitting the entry point.
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ const Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
                 auto decos =
                     ConvertMemberDecoration(type_id, member_index, ast_member_ty, decoration);
                 for (auto* deco : decos) {
-                    ast_member_decorations.emplace_back(deco);
+                    ast_member_decorations.Push(deco);
                 }
                 if (!success_) {
                     return nullptr;
@@ -1154,10 +1154,10 @@ const Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
         auto* ast_struct_member = create<ast::StructMember>(
             Source{}, builder_.Symbols().Register(member_name), ast_member_ty->Build(builder_),
             std::move(ast_member_decorations));
-        ast_members.push_back(ast_struct_member);
+        ast_members.Push(ast_struct_member);
     }
 
-    if (ast_members.empty()) {
+    if (ast_members.IsEmpty()) {
         // All members were likely built-ins. Don't generate an empty AST structure.
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -1168,8 +1168,7 @@ const Type* ParserImpl::ConvertType(uint32_t type_id,
 
     // Now make the struct.
     auto sym = builder_.Symbols().Register(name);
-    auto* ast_struct =
+    auto* ast_struct = create<ast::Struct>(Source{}, sym, std::move(ast_members), utils::Empty);
-        create<ast::Struct>(Source{}, sym, std::move(ast_members), ast::AttributeList());
     if (num_non_writable_members == members.size()) {
         read_only_struct_types_.insert(ast_struct->name);
     }
@@ -1358,7 +1357,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitScalarSpecConstants() {
                 break;
         }
         if (ast_type && ast_expr) {
-            ast::AttributeList spec_id_decos;
+            AttributeList spec_id_decos;
             for (const auto& deco : GetDecorationsFor(inst.result_id())) {
                 if ((deco.size() == 2) && (deco[0] == SpvDecorationSpecId)) {
                     const uint32_t id = deco[1];
@@ -1368,7 +1367,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitScalarSpecConstants() {
                                       << inst.result_id() << " has SpecId " << id;
                     }
                     auto* cid = create<ast::IdAttribute>(Source{}, id);
-                    spec_id_decos.push_back(cid);
+                    spec_id_decos.Push(cid);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -1491,7 +1490,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::EmitModuleScopeVariables() {
             ast_constructor = MakeConstantExpression(var.GetSingleWordInOperand(1)).expr;
         }
         auto* ast_var = MakeVar(var.result_id(), ast_storage_class, ast_store_type, ast_constructor,
-                                ast::AttributeList{});
+                                utils::Empty);
         // TODO(dneto): initializers (a.k.a. constructor expression)
         if (ast_var) {
             builder_.AST().AddGlobalVariable(ast_var);
@@ -1558,7 +1557,7 @@ ast::Var* ParserImpl::MakeVar(uint32_t id,
                               ast::StorageClass sc,
                               const Type* storage_type,
                               const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                              ast::AttributeList decorations) {
+                              AttributeList decorations) {
     if (storage_type == nullptr) {
         Fail() << "internal error: can't make ast::Variable for null type";
         return nullptr;
@@ -1593,14 +1592,13 @@ ast::Var* ParserImpl::MakeVar(uint32_t id,
 
 ast::Let* ParserImpl::MakeLet(uint32_t id, const Type* type, const ast::Expression* constructor) {
     auto sym = builder_.Symbols().Register(namer_.Name(id));
-    return create<ast::Let>(Source{}, sym, type->Build(builder_), constructor,
+    return create<ast::Let>(Source{}, sym, type->Build(builder_), constructor, utils::Empty);
-                            ast::AttributeList{});
 }
 
 ast::Override* ParserImpl::MakeOverride(uint32_t id,
                                         const Type* type,
                                         const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                                        ast::AttributeList decorations) {
+                                        AttributeList decorations) {
     if (!ConvertDecorationsForVariable(id, &type, &decorations, false)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -1610,7 +1608,7 @@ ast::Override* ParserImpl::MakeOverride(uint32_t id,
 
 ast::Parameter* ParserImpl::MakeParameter(uint32_t id,
                                           const Type* type,
-                                          ast::AttributeList decorations) {
+                                          AttributeList decorations) {
     if (!ConvertDecorationsForVariable(id, &type, &decorations, false)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -1621,7 +1619,7 @@ ast::Parameter* ParserImpl::MakeParameter(uint32_t id,
 
 bool ParserImpl::ConvertDecorationsForVariable(uint32_t id,
                                                const Type** store_type,
-                                               ast::AttributeList* decorations,
+                                               AttributeList* decorations,
                                                bool transfer_pipeline_io) {
     DecorationList non_builtin_pipeline_decorations;
     for (auto& deco : GetDecorationsFor(id)) {
@@ -1681,7 +1679,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::ConvertDecorationsForVariable(uint32_t id,
                 return false;
             }
             if (transfer_pipeline_io) {
-                decorations->emplace_back(create<ast::BuiltinAttribute>(Source{}, ast_builtin));
+                decorations->Push(create<ast::BuiltinAttribute>(Source{}, ast_builtin));
             }
         }
         if (transfer_pipeline_io && IsPipelineDecoration(deco)) {
@@ -1692,13 +1690,13 @@ bool ParserImpl::ConvertDecorationsForVariable(uint32_t id,
                 return Fail() << "malformed DescriptorSet decoration on ID " << id
                               << ": has no operand";
             }
-            decorations->emplace_back(create<ast::GroupAttribute>(Source{}, deco[1]));
+            decorations->Push(create<ast::GroupAttribute>(Source{}, deco[1]));
         }
         if (deco[0] == SpvDecorationBinding) {
             if (deco.size() == 1) {
                 return Fail() << "malformed Binding decoration on ID " << id << ": has no operand";
             }
-            decorations->emplace_back(create<ast::BindingAttribute>(Source{}, deco[1]));
+            decorations->Push(create<ast::BindingAttribute>(Source{}, deco[1]));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1725,7 +1723,7 @@ DecorationList ParserImpl::GetMemberPipelineDecorations(const Struct& struct_typ
     return result;
 }
 
-const ast::Attribute* ParserImpl::SetLocation(ast::AttributeList* attributes,
+const ast::Attribute* ParserImpl::SetLocation(AttributeList* attributes,
                                               const ast::Attribute* replacement) {
     if (!replacement) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -1742,13 +1740,13 @@ const ast::Attribute* ParserImpl::SetLocation(ast::AttributeList* attributes,
         }
     }
     // The list didn't have a location. Add it.
-    attributes->push_back(replacement);
+    attributes->Push(replacement);
     return nullptr;
 }
 
 bool ParserImpl::ConvertPipelineDecorations(const Type* store_type,
                                             const DecorationList& decorations,
-                                            ast::AttributeList* attributes) {
+                                            AttributeList* attributes) {
     // Vulkan defaults to perspective-correct interpolation.
     ast::InterpolationType type = ast::InterpolationType::kPerspective;
     ast::InterpolationSampling sampling = ast::InterpolationSampling::kNone;
@@ -1809,7 +1807,7 @@ bool ParserImpl::ConvertPipelineDecorations(const Type* store_type,
         sampling == ast::InterpolationSampling::kNone) {
         // This is the default. Don't add a decoration.
     } else {
-        attributes->emplace_back(create<ast::InterpolateAttribute>(type, sampling));
+        attributes->Push(create<ast::InterpolateAttribute>(type, sampling));
     }
 
     return success();
@@ -1842,7 +1840,7 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::MakeConstantExpression(uint32_t id) {
         auto z = MakeConstantExpression(workgroup_size_builtin_.z_id);
         auto* ast_type = ty_.Vector(x.type, 3);
         return {ast_type, builder_.Construct(Source{}, ast_type->Build(builder_),
-                                             ast::ExpressionList{x.expr, y.expr, z.expr})};
+                                             utils::Vector{x.expr, y.expr, z.expr})};
     } else if (id == workgroup_size_builtin_.x_id) {
         return MakeConstantExpressionForScalarSpirvConstant(
             Source{}, ConvertType(workgroup_size_builtin_.component_type_id),
@@ -1898,14 +1896,14 @@ TypedExpression ParserImpl::MakeConstantExpression(uint32_t id) {
             // Handle vector, matrix, array, and struct
 
             // Generate a composite from explicit components.
-            ast::ExpressionList ast_components;
+            ExpressionList ast_components;
             if (!inst->WhileEachInId([&](const uint32_t* id_ref) -> bool {
                     auto component = MakeConstantExpression(*id_ref);
                     if (!component) {
                         this->Fail() << "invalid constant with ID " << *id_ref;
                         return false;
                     }
-                    ast_components.emplace_back(component.expr);
+                    ast_components.Push(component.expr);
                     return true;
                 })) {
                 // We've already emitted a diagnostic.
@@ -1996,9 +1994,9 @@ const ast::Expression* ParserImpl::MakeNullValue(const Type* type) {
         [&](const Array*) { return builder_.Construct(Source{}, type->Build(builder_)); },
         [&](const Bool*) { return create<ast::BoolLiteralExpression>(Source{}, false); },
         [&](const Struct* struct_ty) {
-            ast::ExpressionList ast_components;
+            ExpressionList ast_components;
             for (auto* member : struct_ty->members) {
-                ast_components.emplace_back(MakeNullValue(member));
+                ast_components.Push(MakeNullValue(member));
             }
             return builder_.Construct(Source{}, original_type->Build(builder_),
                                       std::move(ast_components));

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h

@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ struct WorkgroupSizeInfo {
 
 /// Parser implementation for SPIR-V.
 class ParserImpl : Reader {
+    using AttributeList = utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 8>;
+    using ExpressionList = utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8>;
+
   public:
     /// Creates a new parser
     /// @param input the input data to parse
@@ -252,15 +255,14 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
     /// a diagnostic), or when the variable should not be emitted, e.g. for a
     /// PointSize builtin.
     /// @param id the ID of the SPIR-V variable
-    /// @param store_type the WGSL store type for the variable, which should be
+    /// @param store_type the WGSL store type for the variable, which should be prepopulated
-    /// prepopulatd
     /// @param attributes the attribute list to populate
     /// @param transfer_pipeline_io true if pipeline IO decorations (builtins,
     /// or locations) will update the store type and the decorations list
     /// @returns false when the variable should not be emitted as a variable
     bool ConvertDecorationsForVariable(uint32_t id,
                                        const Type** store_type,
-                                       ast::AttributeList* attributes,
+                                       AttributeList* attributes,
                                        bool transfer_pipeline_io);
 
     /// Converts SPIR-V decorations for pipeline IO into AST decorations.
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
     /// @returns false if conversion fails
     bool ConvertPipelineDecorations(const Type* store_type,
                                     const DecorationList& decorations,
-                                    ast::AttributeList* attributes);
+                                    AttributeList* attributes);
 
     /// Updates the attribute list, placing a non-null location decoration into
     /// the list, replacing an existing one if it exists. Does nothing if the
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
     /// @param replacement the location decoration to place into the list
     /// @returns the location decoration that was replaced, if one was replaced,
     /// or null otherwise.
-    const ast::Attribute* SetLocation(ast::AttributeList* decos, const ast::Attribute* replacement);
+    const ast::Attribute* SetLocation(AttributeList* decos, const ast::Attribute* replacement);
 
     /// Converts a SPIR-V struct member decoration into a number of AST
     /// decorations. If the decoration is recognized but deliberately dropped,
@@ -291,10 +293,10 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
     /// @param member_ty the type of the member
     /// @param decoration an encoded SPIR-V Decoration
     /// @returns the AST decorations
-    ast::AttributeList ConvertMemberDecoration(uint32_t struct_type_id,
+    AttributeList ConvertMemberDecoration(uint32_t struct_type_id,
-                                               uint32_t member_index,
+                                          uint32_t member_index,
-                                               const Type* member_ty,
+                                          const Type* member_ty,
-                                               const Decoration& decoration);
+                                          const Decoration& decoration);
 
     /// Returns a string for the given type.  If the type ID is invalid,
     /// then the resulting string only names the type ID.
@@ -434,7 +436,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
                       ast::StorageClass sc,
                       const Type* storage_type,
                       const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                      ast::AttributeList decorations);
+                      AttributeList decorations);
 
     /// Creates an AST 'let' node for a SPIR-V ID, including any attached decorations,.
     /// @param id the SPIR-V result ID
@@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
     ast::Override* MakeOverride(uint32_t id,
                                 const Type* type,
                                 const ast::Expression* constructor,
-                                ast::AttributeList decorations);
+                                AttributeList decorations);
 
     /// Creates an AST parameter node for a SPIR-V ID, including any attached decorations, unless
     /// it's an ignorable builtin variable.
@@ -460,7 +462,7 @@ class ParserImpl : Reader {
     /// @param type the type of the parameter
     /// @param decorations the parameter decorations
     /// @returns the AST parameter node
-    ast::Parameter* MakeParameter(uint32_t id, const Type* type, ast::AttributeList decorations);
+    ast::Parameter* MakeParameter(uint32_t id, const Type* type, AttributeList decorations);
 
     /// Returns true if a constant expression can be generated.
     /// @param id the SPIR-V ID of the value

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl_barrier_test.cc

@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, WorkgroupBarrier) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(program.IsValid()) << program.Diagnostics().str();
     auto* helper = program.AST().Functions().Find(program.Symbols().Get("helper"));
     ASSERT_NE(helper, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_GT(helper->body->statements.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_GT(helper->body->statements.Length(), 0u);
     auto* call = helper->body->statements[0]->As<ast::CallStatement>();
     ASSERT_NE(call, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(call->expr->args.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(call->expr->args.Length(), 0u);
     auto* sem_call = program.Sem().Get<sem::Call>(call->expr);
     ASSERT_NE(sem_call, nullptr);
     auto* builtin = sem_call->Target()->As<sem::Builtin>();
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, StorageBarrier) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(program.IsValid()) << program.Diagnostics().str();
     auto* helper = program.AST().Functions().Find(program.Symbols().Get("helper"));
     ASSERT_NE(helper, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_GT(helper->body->statements.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_GT(helper->body->statements.Length(), 0u);
     auto* call = helper->body->statements[0]->As<ast::CallStatement>();
     ASSERT_NE(call, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(call->expr->args.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(call->expr->args.Length(), 0u);
     auto* sem_call = program.Sem().Get<sem::Call>(call->expr);
     ASSERT_NE(sem_call, nullptr);
     auto* builtin = sem_call->Target()->As<sem::Builtin>();

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl_convert_member_decoration_test.cc

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ namespace {
 
 using ::testing::Eq;
 
-TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Empty) {
+TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_IsEmpty) {
     auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
 
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, nullptr, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("malformed SPIR-V decoration: it's empty"));
 }
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_OffsetWithoutOperand) {
     auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
 
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(12, 13, nullptr, {SpvDecorationOffset});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("malformed Offset decoration: expected 1 literal "
                                "operand, has 0: member 13 of SPIR-V type 12"));
 }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_OffsetWithTooManyOperands) {
     auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
 
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(12, 13, nullptr, {SpvDecorationOffset, 3, 4});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("malformed Offset decoration: expected 1 literal "
                                "operand, has 2: member 13 of SPIR-V type 12"));
 }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Offset) {
     auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
 
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, nullptr, {SpvDecorationOffset, 8});
-    ASSERT_FALSE(result.empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(result[0]->Is<ast::StructMemberOffsetAttribute>());
     auto* offset_deco = result[0]->As<ast::StructMemberOffsetAttribute>();
     ASSERT_NE(offset_deco, nullptr);
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Matrix2x2_Stride_Natural) {
     spirv::F32 f32;
     spirv::Matrix matrix(&f32, 2, 2);
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, &matrix, {SpvDecorationMatrixStride, 8});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Matrix2x2_Stride_Custom) {
     spirv::F32 f32;
     spirv::Matrix matrix(&f32, 2, 2);
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, &matrix, {SpvDecorationMatrixStride, 16});
-    ASSERT_FALSE(result.empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(result[0]->Is<ast::StrideAttribute>());
     auto* stride_deco = result[0]->As<ast::StrideAttribute>();
     ASSERT_NE(stride_deco, nullptr);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Matrix2x4_Stride_Natural) {
     spirv::F32 f32;
     spirv::Matrix matrix(&f32, 2, 4);
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, &matrix, {SpvDecorationMatrixStride, 16});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Matrix2x4_Stride_Custom) {
     spirv::F32 f32;
     spirv::Matrix matrix(&f32, 2, 4);
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, &matrix, {SpvDecorationMatrixStride, 64});
-    ASSERT_FALSE(result.empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(result[0]->Is<ast::StrideAttribute>());
     auto* stride_deco = result[0]->As<ast::StrideAttribute>();
     ASSERT_NE(stride_deco, nullptr);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_Matrix2x3_Stride_Custom) {
     spirv::F32 f32;
     spirv::Matrix matrix(&f32, 2, 3);
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, &matrix, {SpvDecorationMatrixStride, 32});
-    ASSERT_FALSE(result.empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(result[0]->Is<ast::StrideAttribute>());
     auto* stride_deco = result[0]->As<ast::StrideAttribute>();
     ASSERT_NE(stride_deco, nullptr);
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_RelaxedPrecision) {
     auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
 
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(1, 1, nullptr, {SpvDecorationRelaxedPrecision});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
 }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ TEST_F(SpvParserTest, ConvertMemberDecoration_UnhandledDecoration) {
     auto p = parser(std::vector<uint32_t>{});
 
     auto result = p->ConvertMemberDecoration(12, 13, nullptr, {12345678});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq("unhandled member decoration: 12345678 on member "
                                "13 of SPIR-V type 12"));
 }

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl_handle_test.cc

@@ -3076,7 +3076,7 @@ TEST_P(SpvParserHandleTest_ImageCoordsTest, MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess
         ASSERT_NE(anchor, nullptr);
         const spvtools::opt::Instruction& image_access = *(anchor->PreviousNode());
 
-        ast::ExpressionList result = fe.MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(image_access);
+        auto result = fe.MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess(image_access);
         if (GetParam().expected_error.empty()) {
             EXPECT_TRUE(fe.success()) << p->error();
             EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
@@ -3090,7 +3090,7 @@ TEST_P(SpvParserHandleTest_ImageCoordsTest, MakeCoordinateOperandsForImageAccess
         } else {
             EXPECT_FALSE(fe.success());
             EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), Eq(GetParam().expected_error)) << assembly;
-            EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(result.IsEmpty());
         }
     }
 

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test_helper.cc

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ std::string ToString(const Program& program) {
     return writer.result();
 }
 
-std::string ToString(const Program& program, const ast::StatementList& stmts) {
+std::string ToString(const Program& program, utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts) {
     writer::wgsl::GeneratorImpl writer(&program);
     for (const auto* stmt : stmts) {
         if (!writer.EmitStatement(stmt)) {

src/tint/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test_helper.h

@@ -195,10 +195,10 @@ class ParserImplWrapperForTest {
     /// @param member_ty the type of the member
     /// @param decoration an encoded SPIR-V Decoration
     /// @returns the AST decorations
-    ast::AttributeList ConvertMemberDecoration(uint32_t struct_type_id,
+    auto ConvertMemberDecoration(uint32_t struct_type_id,
-                                               uint32_t member_index,
+                                 uint32_t member_index,
-                                               const Type* member_ty,
+                                 const Type* member_ty,
-                                               const Decoration& decoration) {
+                                 const Decoration& decoration) {
         return impl_.ConvertMemberDecoration(struct_type_id, member_index, member_ty, decoration);
     }
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ std::string ToString(const Program& program);
 /// @param program the Program
 /// @param stmts the statement list
 /// @returns the WGSL printed string of a statement list.
-std::string ToString(const Program& program, const ast::StatementList& stmts);
+std::string ToString(const Program& program, utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts);
 
 /// Returns the WGSL printed string of an AST node.
 /// @param program the Program

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl.cc

@@ -170,9 +170,9 @@ ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::FunctionHeader(const FunctionHeader&) = default;
 
 ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::FunctionHeader(Source src,
                                            std::string n,
-                                           ast::ParameterList p,
+                                           utils::VectorRef<const ast::Parameter*> p,
                                            const ast::Type* ret_ty,
-                                           ast::AttributeList ret_attrs)
+                                           utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> ret_attrs)
     : source(src),
       name(n),
       params(std::move(p)),
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ Maybe<bool> ParserImpl::global_decl() {
     // Invalid syntax found - try and determine the best error message
 
     // We have attributes parsed, but nothing to consume them?
-    if (attrs.value.size() > 0) {
+    if (attrs.value.Length() > 0) {
         return add_error(next(), "expected declaration after attributes");
     }
 
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ Maybe<bool> ParserImpl::global_decl() {
 // global_variable_decl
 //  : variable_attribute_list* variable_decl
 //  | variable_attribute_list* variable_decl EQUAL const_expr
-Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_variable_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs) {
+Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_variable_decl(AttributeList& attrs) {
     auto decl = variable_decl();
     if (decl.errored) {
         return Failure::kErrored;
@@ -549,24 +549,26 @@ Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_variable_decl(ast::AttributeList&
         return Failure::kNoMatch;
     }
 
-    const ast::Expression* initalizer = nullptr;
+    const ast::Expression* initializer = nullptr;
     if (match(Token::Type::kEqual)) {
         auto expr = logical_or_expression();
         if (expr.errored) {
             return Failure::kErrored;
         }
         if (!expr.matched) {
-            return add_error(peek(), "missing initalizer for 'var' declaration");
+            return add_error(peek(), "missing initializer for 'var' declaration");
         }
-        initalizer = expr.value;
+        initializer = expr.value;
     }
 
+    TINT_DEFER(attrs.Clear());
+
     return create<ast::Var>(decl->source,                             // source
                             builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
                             decl->type,                               // type
                             decl->storage_class,                      // storage class
                             decl->access,                             // access control
-                            initalizer,                               // initializer
+                            initializer,                              // initializer
                             std::move(attrs));                        // attributes
 }
 
@@ -575,7 +577,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_variable_decl(ast::AttributeList&
 //  | attribute* override (ident | variable_ident_decl) (equal expression)?
 // global_const_initializer
 //  : EQUAL const_expr
-Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_constant_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs) {
+Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_constant_decl(AttributeList& attrs) {
     bool is_const = false;
     bool is_overridable = false;
     const char* use = nullptr;
@@ -619,6 +621,8 @@ Maybe<const ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_constant_decl(ast::AttributeList&
         initializer = std::move(expr.value);
     }
 
+    TINT_DEFER(attrs.Clear());
+
     if (is_const) {
         return create<ast::Const>(decl->source,                             // source
                                   builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
@@ -1273,14 +1277,14 @@ Maybe<const ast::Struct*> ParserImpl::struct_decl() {
     }
 
     auto sym = builder_.Symbols().Register(name.value);
-    return create<ast::Struct>(t.source(), sym, std::move(body.value), ast::AttributeList{});
+    return create<ast::Struct>(t.source(), sym, std::move(body.value), utils::Empty);
 }
 
 // struct_body_decl
 //   : BRACE_LEFT (struct_member COMMA)* struct_member COMMA? BRACE_RIGHT
-Expect<ast::StructMemberList> ParserImpl::expect_struct_body_decl() {
+Expect<ParserImpl::StructMemberList> ParserImpl::expect_struct_body_decl() {
-    return expect_brace_block("struct declaration", [&]() -> Expect<ast::StructMemberList> {
+    return expect_brace_block("struct declaration", [&]() -> Expect<StructMemberList> {
-        ast::StructMemberList members;
+        StructMemberList members;
         bool errored = false;
         while (continue_parsing()) {
             // Check for the end of the list.
@@ -1296,7 +1300,7 @@ Expect<ast::StructMemberList> ParserImpl::expect_struct_body_decl() {
                     return Failure::kErrored;
                 }
             } else {
-                members.push_back(member.value);
+                members.Push(member.value);
             }
 
             if (!match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
@@ -1330,7 +1334,7 @@ Expect<ast::StructMember*> ParserImpl::expect_struct_member() {
 
 // function_decl
 //   : function_header body_stmt
-Maybe<const ast::Function*> ParserImpl::function_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs) {
+Maybe<const ast::Function*> ParserImpl::function_decl(AttributeList& attrs) {
     auto header = function_header();
     if (header.errored) {
         if (sync_to(Token::Type::kBraceLeft, /* consume: */ false)) {
@@ -1359,8 +1363,10 @@ Maybe<const ast::Function*> ParserImpl::function_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs)
         return Failure::kErrored;
     }
 
+    TINT_DEFER(attrs.Clear());
+
     return create<ast::Function>(header->source, builder_.Symbols().Register(header->name),
-                                 header->params, header->return_type, body.value, attrs,
+                                 header->params, header->return_type, body.value, std::move(attrs),
                                  header->return_type_attributes);
 }
 
@@ -1395,7 +1401,7 @@ Maybe<ParserImpl::FunctionHeader> ParserImpl::function_header() {
     }
 
     const ast::Type* return_type = nullptr;
-    ast::AttributeList return_attributes;
+    AttributeList return_attributes;
 
     if (match(Token::Type::kArrow)) {
         auto attrs = attribute_list();
@@ -1420,15 +1426,17 @@ Maybe<ParserImpl::FunctionHeader> ParserImpl::function_header() {
         return Failure::kErrored;
     }
 
-    return FunctionHeader{source, name.value, std::move(params.value), return_type,
+    return FunctionHeader{
-                          std::move(return_attributes)};
+        source,      std::move(name.value),        std::move(params.value),
+        return_type, std::move(return_attributes),
+    };
 }
 
 // param_list
 //   :
 //   | (param COMMA)* param COMMA?
-Expect<ast::ParameterList> ParserImpl::expect_param_list() {
+Expect<ParserImpl::ParameterList> ParserImpl::expect_param_list() {
-    ast::ParameterList ret;
+    ParameterList ret;
     while (continue_parsing()) {
         // Check for the end of the list.
         auto& t = peek();
@@ -1440,7 +1448,7 @@ Expect<ast::ParameterList> ParserImpl::expect_param_list() {
         if (param.errored) {
             return Failure::kErrored;
         }
-        ret.push_back(param.value);
+        ret.Push(param.value);
 
         if (!match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
             break;
@@ -1532,16 +1540,16 @@ Expect<const ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_paren_expression() {
 
 // statements
 //   : statement*
-Expect<ast::StatementList> ParserImpl::expect_statements() {
+Expect<ParserImpl::StatementList> ParserImpl::expect_statements() {
     bool errored = false;
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    StatementList stmts;
 
     while (continue_parsing()) {
         auto stmt = statement();
         if (stmt.errored) {
             errored = true;
         } else if (stmt.matched) {
-            stmts.emplace_back(stmt.value);
+            stmts.Push(stmt.value);
         } else {
             break;
         }
@@ -1762,7 +1770,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::VariableDeclStatement*> ParserImpl::variable_stmt() {
                                           builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
                                           decl->type,                               // type
                                           initializer.value,                        // initializer
-                                          ast::AttributeList{});                    // attributes
+                                          utils::Empty);                            // attributes
 
         return create<ast::VariableDeclStatement>(decl->source, const_);
     }
@@ -1790,7 +1798,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::VariableDeclStatement*> ParserImpl::variable_stmt() {
                                      builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
                                      decl->type,                               // type
                                      initializer.value,                        // initializer
-                                     ast::AttributeList{});                    // attributes
+                                     utils::Empty);                            // attributes
 
         return create<ast::VariableDeclStatement>(decl->source, let);
     }
@@ -1822,7 +1830,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::VariableDeclStatement*> ParserImpl::variable_stmt() {
                                  decl->storage_class,                      // storage class
                                  decl->access,                             // access control
                                  initializer,                              // initializer
-                                 ast::AttributeList{});                    // attributes
+                                 utils::Empty);                            // attributes
 
     return create<ast::VariableDeclStatement>(var->source, var);
 }
@@ -1925,9 +1933,9 @@ Maybe<const ast::SwitchStatement*> ParserImpl::switch_stmt() {
         return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse selector expression");
     }
 
-    auto body = expect_brace_block("switch statement", [&]() -> Expect<ast::CaseStatementList> {
+    auto body = expect_brace_block("switch statement", [&]() -> Expect<CaseStatementList> {
         bool errored = false;
-        ast::CaseStatementList list;
+        CaseStatementList list;
         while (continue_parsing()) {
             auto stmt = switch_body();
             if (stmt.errored) {
@@ -1937,7 +1945,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::SwitchStatement*> ParserImpl::switch_stmt() {
             if (!stmt.matched) {
                 break;
             }
-            list.push_back(stmt.value);
+            list.Push(stmt.value);
         }
         if (errored) {
             return Failure::kErrored;
@@ -1962,7 +1970,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::CaseStatement*> ParserImpl::switch_body() {
 
     auto& t = next();
 
-    ast::CaseSelectorList selector_list;
+    CaseSelectorList selector_list;
     if (t.Is(Token::Type::kCase)) {
         auto selectors = expect_case_selectors();
         if (selectors.errored) {
@@ -1990,8 +1998,8 @@ Maybe<const ast::CaseStatement*> ParserImpl::switch_body() {
 
 // case_selectors
 //   : const_literal (COMMA const_literal)* COMMA?
-Expect<ast::CaseSelectorList> ParserImpl::expect_case_selectors() {
+Expect<ParserImpl::CaseSelectorList> ParserImpl::expect_case_selectors() {
-    ast::CaseSelectorList selectors;
+    CaseSelectorList selectors;
 
     while (continue_parsing()) {
         auto cond = const_literal();
@@ -2003,14 +2011,14 @@ Expect<ast::CaseSelectorList> ParserImpl::expect_case_selectors() {
             return add_error(cond.value->source, "invalid case selector must be an integer value");
         }
 
-        selectors.push_back(cond.value->As<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
+        selectors.Push(cond.value->As<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
 
         if (!match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
             break;
         }
     }
 
-    if (selectors.empty()) {
+    if (selectors.IsEmpty()) {
         return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse case selectors");
     }
 
@@ -2022,7 +2030,7 @@ Expect<ast::CaseSelectorList> ParserImpl::expect_case_selectors() {
 //   | statement case_body
 //   | FALLTHROUGH SEMICOLON
 Maybe<const ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::case_body() {
-    ast::StatementList stmts;
+    StatementList stmts;
     while (continue_parsing()) {
         Source source;
         if (match(Token::Type::kFallthrough, &source)) {
@@ -2030,7 +2038,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::case_body() {
                 return Failure::kErrored;
             }
 
-            stmts.emplace_back(create<ast::FallthroughStatement>(source));
+            stmts.Push(create<ast::FallthroughStatement>(source));
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2042,7 +2050,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::case_body() {
             break;
         }
 
-        stmts.emplace_back(stmt.value);
+        stmts.Push(stmt.value);
     }
 
     return create<ast::BlockStatement>(Source{}, stmts);
@@ -2259,7 +2267,7 @@ Maybe<const ast::ContinueStatement*> ParserImpl::continue_stmt() {
 //   : CONTINUING body_stmt
 Maybe<const ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::continuing_stmt() {
     if (!match(Token::Type::kContinuing)) {
-        return create<ast::BlockStatement>(Source{}, ast::StatementList{});
+        return create<ast::BlockStatement>(Source{}, utils::Empty);
     }
 
     return expect_body_stmt();
@@ -2409,9 +2417,10 @@ Maybe<const ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::singular_expression() {
 // argument_expression_list
 //   : PAREN_LEFT ((logical_or_expression COMMA)* logical_or_expression COMMA?)?
 //   PAREN_RIGHT
-Expect<ast::ExpressionList> ParserImpl::expect_argument_expression_list(std::string_view use) {
+Expect<ParserImpl::ExpressionList> ParserImpl::expect_argument_expression_list(
-    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Expect<ast::ExpressionList> {
+    std::string_view use) {
-        ast::ExpressionList ret;
+    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Expect<ExpressionList> {
+        ExpressionList ret;
         while (continue_parsing()) {
             auto arg = logical_or_expression();
             if (arg.errored) {
@@ -2419,7 +2428,7 @@ Expect<ast::ExpressionList> ParserImpl::expect_argument_expression_list(std::str
             } else if (!arg.matched) {
                 break;
             }
-            ret.push_back(arg.value);
+            ret.Push(arg.value);
 
             if (!match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
                 break;
@@ -3051,16 +3060,16 @@ Maybe<const ast::LiteralExpression*> ParserImpl::const_literal() {
     return Failure::kNoMatch;
 }
 
-Maybe<ast::AttributeList> ParserImpl::attribute_list() {
+Maybe<ParserImpl::AttributeList> ParserImpl::attribute_list() {
     bool errored = false;
-    ast::AttributeList attrs;
+    AttributeList attrs;
 
     while (continue_parsing()) {
         if (match(Token::Type::kAttr)) {
             if (auto attr = expect_attribute(); attr.errored) {
                 errored = true;
             } else {
-                attrs.emplace_back(attr.value);
+                attrs.Push(attr.value);
             }
         } else {
             break;
@@ -3071,7 +3080,7 @@ Maybe<ast::AttributeList> ParserImpl::attribute_list() {
         return Failure::kErrored;
     }
 
-    if (attrs.empty()) {
+    if (attrs.IsEmpty()) {
         return Failure::kNoMatch;
     }
 
@@ -3312,8 +3321,8 @@ Maybe<const ast::Attribute*> ParserImpl::attribute() {
     return Failure::kNoMatch;
 }
 
-bool ParserImpl::expect_attributes_consumed(ast::AttributeList& in) {
+bool ParserImpl::expect_attributes_consumed(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> in) {
-    if (in.empty()) {
+    if (in.IsEmpty()) {
         return true;
     }
     add_error(in[0]->source, "unexpected attributes");

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl.h

@@ -71,6 +71,17 @@ class ParserImpl {
     };
 
   public:
+    /// Pre-determined small vector sizes for AST pointers
+    //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
+    using AttributeList = utils::Vector<const ast::Attribute*, 4>;
+    using CaseSelectorList = utils::Vector<const ast::IntLiteralExpression*, 4>;
+    using CaseStatementList = utils::Vector<const ast::CaseStatement*, 4>;
+    using ExpressionList = utils::Vector<const ast::Expression*, 8>;
+    using ParameterList = utils::Vector<const ast::Parameter*, 8>;
+    using StatementList = utils::Vector<const ast::Statement*, 8>;
+    using StructMemberList = utils::Vector<const ast::StructMember*, 8>;
+    //! @endcond
+
     /// Expect is the return type of the parser methods that are expected to
     /// return a parsed value of type T, unless there was an parse error.
     /// In the case of a parse error the called method will have called
@@ -231,9 +242,9 @@ class ParserImpl {
         /// @param ret_attrs return type attributes
         FunctionHeader(Source src,
                        std::string n,
-                       ast::ParameterList p,
+                       utils::VectorRef<const ast::Parameter*> p,
                        const ast::Type* ret_ty,
-                       ast::AttributeList ret_attrs);
+                       utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> ret_attrs);
         /// Destructor
         ~FunctionHeader();
         /// Assignment operator
@@ -246,11 +257,11 @@ class ParserImpl {
         /// Function name
         std::string name;
         /// Function parameters
-        ast::ParameterList params;
+        utils::Vector<const ast::Parameter*, 8> params;
         /// Function return type
         const ast::Type* return_type = nullptr;
         /// Function return type attributes
-        ast::AttributeList return_type_attributes;
+        AttributeList return_type_attributes;
     };
 
     /// VarDeclInfo contains the parsed information for variable declaration.
@@ -383,13 +394,15 @@ class ParserImpl {
     /// Parses a `global_variable_decl` grammar element with the initial
     /// `variable_attribute_list*` provided as `attrs`
     /// @returns the variable parsed or nullptr
-    /// @param attrs the list of attributes for the variable declaration.
+    /// @param attrs the list of attributes for the variable declaration. If attributes are consumed
-    Maybe<const ast::Variable*> global_variable_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs);
+    ///        by the declaration, then this vector is cleared before returning.
+    Maybe<const ast::Variable*> global_variable_decl(AttributeList& attrs);
     /// Parses a `global_constant_decl` grammar element with the initial
     /// `variable_attribute_list*` provided as `attrs`
     /// @returns the const object or nullptr
-    /// @param attrs the list of attributes for the constant declaration.
+    /// @param attrs the list of attributes for the constant declaration. If attributes are consumed
-    Maybe<const ast::Variable*> global_constant_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs);
+    ///        by the declaration, then this vector is cleared before returning.
+    Maybe<const ast::Variable*> global_constant_decl(AttributeList& attrs);
     /// Parses a `variable_decl` grammar element
     /// @returns the parsed variable declaration info
     Maybe<VarDeclInfo> variable_decl();
@@ -418,15 +431,16 @@ class ParserImpl {
     Maybe<const ast::Struct*> struct_decl();
     /// Parses a `struct_body_decl` grammar element, erroring on parse failure.
     /// @returns the struct members
-    Expect<ast::StructMemberList> expect_struct_body_decl();
+    Expect<StructMemberList> expect_struct_body_decl();
     /// Parses a `struct_member` grammar element, erroring on parse failure.
     /// @returns the struct member or nullptr
     Expect<ast::StructMember*> expect_struct_member();
     /// Parses a `function_decl` grammar element with the initial
     /// `function_attribute_decl*` provided as `attrs`.
-    /// @param attrs the list of attributes for the function declaration.
+    /// @param attrs the list of attributes for the function declaration. If attributes are consumed
+    ///        by the declaration, then this vector is cleared before returning.
     /// @returns the parsed function, nullptr otherwise
-    Maybe<const ast::Function*> function_decl(ast::AttributeList& attrs);
+    Maybe<const ast::Function*> function_decl(AttributeList& attrs);
     /// Parses a `texture_samplers` grammar element
     /// @returns the parsed Type or nullptr if none matched.
     Maybe<const ast::Type*> texture_samplers();
@@ -459,7 +473,7 @@ class ParserImpl {
     Maybe<FunctionHeader> function_header();
     /// Parses a `param_list` grammar element, erroring on parse failure.
     /// @returns the parsed variables
-    Expect<ast::ParameterList> expect_param_list();
+    Expect<ParameterList> expect_param_list();
     /// Parses a `param` grammar element, erroring on parse failure.
     /// @returns the parsed variable
     Expect<ast::Parameter*> expect_param();
@@ -484,7 +498,7 @@ class ParserImpl {
     Expect<const ast::Expression*> expect_paren_expression();
     /// Parses a `statements` grammar element
     /// @returns the statements parsed
-    Expect<ast::StatementList> expect_statements();
+    Expect<StatementList> expect_statements();
     /// Parses a `statement` grammar element
     /// @returns the parsed statement or nullptr
     Maybe<const ast::Statement*> statement();
@@ -511,7 +525,7 @@ class ParserImpl {
     Maybe<const ast::CaseStatement*> switch_body();
     /// Parses a `case_selectors` grammar element
     /// @returns the list of literals
-    Expect<ast::CaseSelectorList> expect_case_selectors();
+    Expect<CaseSelectorList> expect_case_selectors();
     /// Parses a `case_body` grammar element
     /// @returns the parsed statements
     Maybe<const ast::BlockStatement*> case_body();
@@ -543,7 +557,7 @@ class ParserImpl {
     /// failure.
     /// @param use a description of what was being parsed if an error was raised
     /// @returns the list of arguments
-    Expect<ast::ExpressionList> expect_argument_expression_list(std::string_view use);
+    Expect<ExpressionList> expect_argument_expression_list(std::string_view use);
     /// Parses the recursive portion of the postfix_expression
     /// @param prefix the left side of the expression
     /// @returns the parsed expression or nullptr
@@ -642,7 +656,7 @@ class ParserImpl {
     Maybe<const ast::Statement*> assignment_stmt();
     /// Parses one or more attribute lists.
     /// @return the parsed attribute list, or an empty list on error.
-    Maybe<ast::AttributeList> attribute_list();
+    Maybe<AttributeList> attribute_list();
     /// Parses a single attribute of the following types:
     /// * `struct_attribute`
     /// * `struct_member_attribute`
@@ -813,7 +827,7 @@ class ParserImpl {
 
     /// Reports an error if the attribute list `list` is not empty.
     /// Used to ensure that all attributes are consumed.
-    bool expect_attributes_consumed(ast::AttributeList& list);
+    bool expect_attributes_consumed(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> list);
 
     Expect<const ast::Type*> expect_type_decl_pointer(const Token& t);
     Expect<const ast::Type*> expect_type_decl_atomic(const Token& t);

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_argument_expression_list_test.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ArgumentExpressionList_Parses) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 1u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[0]->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ArgumentExpressionList_ParsesEmptyList) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ArgumentExpressionList_ParsesMultiple) {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ArgumentExpressionList_ParsesMultiple) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.size(), 3u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 3u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[0]->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[1]->Is<ast::LiteralExpression>());
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[2]->Is<ast::BinaryExpression>());
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ArgumentExpressionList_TrailingComma) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 2u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[0]->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[1]->Is<ast::LiteralExpression>());
 }

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_body_stmt_test.cc

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, BodyStmt) {
     auto e = p->expect_body_stmt();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->statements[1]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, BodyStmt_Empty) {
     auto e = p->expect_body_stmt();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->statements.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->statements.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, BodyStmt_InvalidStmt) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_call_stmt_test.cc

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, Statement_Call) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(c->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, Statement_Call_WithParams) {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, Statement_Call_WithParams) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(c->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.Length(), 3u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[0]->Is<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[1]->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[2]->Is<ast::BinaryExpression>());
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, Statement_Call_WithParams_TrailingComma) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(c->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[0]->Is<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[1]->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
 }

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_case_body_test.cc

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, CaseBody_Empty) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.matched);
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->statements.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->statements.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, CaseBody_Statements) {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, CaseBody_Statements) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.matched);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->statements[0]->Is<ast::VariableDeclStatement>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->statements[1]->Is<ast::AssignmentStatement>());
 }
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, CaseBody_Fallthrough) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.matched);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->statements[0]->Is<ast::FallthroughStatement>());
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_continuing_stmt_test.cc

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ContinuingStmt) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.matched);
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->statements.Length(), 1u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_enable_directive_test.cc

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, Valid) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 1u);
     auto* enable = ast.Enables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(enable->extension, ast::Extension::kF16);
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations()[0], enable);
 }
 
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ enable f16;
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 2u);
     auto* enable_a = ast.Enables()[0];
     auto* enable_b = ast.Enables()[1];
     EXPECT_EQ(enable_a->extension, ast::Extension::kF16);
     EXPECT_EQ(enable_b->extension, ast::Extension::kF16);
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations()[0], enable_a);
     EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations()[1], enable_b);
 }
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, InvalidIdentifier) {
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:8: unsupported extension: 'NotAValidExtensionName'");
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
-    EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 // Test an enable directive missing ending semicolon.
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, MissingEndingSemicolon) {
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:11: expected ';' for enable directive");
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
-    EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 // Test the special error message when enable are used with parenthesis.
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, ParenthesisSpecialCase) {
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:7: enable directives don't take parenthesis");
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
-    EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 // Test using invalid tokens in an enable directive.
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, InvalidTokens) {
         EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:11: expected ';' for enable directive");
         auto program = p->program();
         auto& ast = program.AST();
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
     }
     {
         auto p = parser("enable <f16;");
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, InvalidTokens) {
         EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:8: invalid extension name");
         auto program = p->program();
         auto& ast = program.AST();
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
     }
     {
         auto p = parser("enable =;");
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, InvalidTokens) {
         EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:8: invalid extension name");
         auto program = p->program();
         auto& ast = program.AST();
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
     }
     {
         auto p = parser("enable vec4;");
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ TEST_F(EnableDirectiveTest, InvalidTokens) {
         EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:8: invalid extension name");
         auto program = p->program();
         auto& ast = program.AST();
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 0u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 0u);
+        EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 0u);
     }
 }
 
@@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ enable f16;
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
     // Accept the enable directive although it caused an error
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 1u);
     auto* enable = ast.Enables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(enable->extension, ast::Extension::kF16);
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations()[1], enable);
 }
 
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ enable f16;
     auto program = p->program();
     auto& ast = program.AST();
     // Accept the enable directive although it cause an error
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.Enables().Length(), 1u);
     auto* enable = ast.Enables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(enable->extension, ast::Extension::kF16);
-    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations().Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(ast.GlobalDeclarations()[0], enable);
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_for_stmt_test.cc

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ TEST_F(ForStmtTest, Body) {
     EXPECT_EQ(fl->initializer, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(fl->condition, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(fl->continuing, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(fl->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(fl->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(fl->body->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_function_attribute_list_test.cc

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeList_Parses_Stage) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.matched);
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.Length(), 2u);
 
     auto* attr_0 = attrs.value[0]->As<ast::Attribute>();
     auto* attr_1 = attrs.value[1]->As<ast::Attribute>();
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeList_Parses) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.matched);
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.Length(), 2u);
 
     auto* attr_0 = attrs.value[0]->As<ast::Attribute>();
     auto* attr_1 = attrs.value[1]->As<ast::Attribute>();
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeList_Invalid) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.matched);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:2: expected attribute");
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_function_decl_test.cc

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl) {
     ASSERT_NE(f->return_type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[1]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("b"));
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
 
     auto* body = f->body;
-    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(body->statements[0]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl_Unicode) {
     ASSERT_NE(f->return_type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get(param_a_ident));
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[1]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get(param_b_ident));
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl_Unicode) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
 
     auto* body = f->body;
-    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(body->statements[0]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl_AttributeList) {
     EXPECT_EQ(f->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("main"));
     ASSERT_NE(f->return_type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 0u);
 
     auto& attributes = f->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.Length(), 1u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(attributes[0]->Is<ast::WorkgroupAttribute>());
 
     auto values = attributes[0]->As<ast::WorkgroupAttribute>()->Values();
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl_AttributeList) {
               ast::IntLiteralExpression::Suffix::kNone);
 
     auto* body = f->body;
-    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(body->statements[0]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ fn main() { return; })");
     EXPECT_EQ(f->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("main"));
     ASSERT_NE(f->return_type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 0u);
 
     auto& attributes = f->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.Length(), 2u);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(attributes[0]->Is<ast::WorkgroupAttribute>());
     auto values = attributes[0]->As<ast::WorkgroupAttribute>()->Values();
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn main() { return; })");
     EXPECT_EQ(attributes[1]->As<ast::StageAttribute>()->stage, ast::PipelineStage::kCompute);
 
     auto* body = f->body;
-    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(body->statements[0]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -201,10 +201,10 @@ fn main() { return; })");
     EXPECT_EQ(f->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("main"));
     ASSERT_NE(f->return_type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 0u);
 
     auto& attrs = f->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.Length(), 2u);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(attrs[0]->Is<ast::WorkgroupAttribute>());
     auto values = attrs[0]->As<ast::WorkgroupAttribute>()->Values();
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ fn main() { return; })");
     EXPECT_EQ(attrs[1]->As<ast::StageAttribute>()->stage, ast::PipelineStage::kCompute);
 
     auto* body = f->body;
-    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(body->statements[0]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -247,19 +247,19 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionDecl_ReturnTypeAttributeList) {
     EXPECT_EQ(f->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("main"));
     ASSERT_NE(f->return_type, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::F32>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 0u);
 
     auto& attributes = f->attributes;
-    EXPECT_EQ(attributes.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(attributes.Length(), 0u);
 
     auto& ret_type_attributes = f->return_type_attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(ret_type_attributes.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ret_type_attributes.Length(), 1u);
     auto* loc = ret_type_attributes[0]->As<ast::LocationAttribute>();
     ASSERT_TRUE(loc != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(loc->value, 1u);
 
     auto* body = f->body;
-    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(body->statements[0]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_function_header_test.cc

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionHeader) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(f.errored);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(f->name, "main");
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[1]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("b"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionHeader_TrailingComma) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(f.errored);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(f->name, "main");
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(f->params[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::Void>());
 }
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionHeader_AttributeReturnType) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(f.errored);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(f->name, "main");
-    EXPECT_EQ(f->params.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 0u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::F32>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->return_type_attributes.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->return_type_attributes.Length(), 1u);
     auto* loc = f->return_type_attributes[0]->As<ast::LocationAttribute>();
     ASSERT_TRUE(loc != nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(loc->value, 1u);
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, FunctionHeader_InvariantReturnType) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(f.errored);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(f->name, "main");
-    EXPECT_EQ(f->params.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(f->params.Length(), 0u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type->Is<ast::F32>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(f->return_type_attributes.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(f->return_type_attributes.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(f->return_type_attributes[0]->Is<ast::InvariantAttribute>());
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_global_decl_test.cc

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_GlobalVariable) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* v = program.AST().GlobalVariables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(v->symbol, program.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_GlobalVariable_Inferred) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* v = program.AST().GlobalVariables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(v->symbol, program.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_GlobalLet) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* v = program.AST().GlobalVariables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(v->symbol, program.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_GlobalConst) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().GlobalVariables().Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* v = program.AST().GlobalVariables()[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(v->symbol, program.Symbols().Get("a"));
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_TypeAlias) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().TypeDecls().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().TypeDecls().Length(), 1u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(program.AST().TypeDecls()[0]->Is<ast::Alias>());
     EXPECT_EQ(program.Symbols().NameFor(program.AST().TypeDecls()[0]->As<ast::Alias>()->name), "A");
 }
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ type B = A;)");
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().TypeDecls().size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().TypeDecls().Length(), 2u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(program.AST().TypeDecls()[0]->Is<ast::Struct>());
     auto* str = program.AST().TypeDecls()[0]->As<ast::Struct>();
     EXPECT_EQ(str->name, program.Symbols().Get("A"));
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_Function) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().Functions().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().Functions().Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(program.Symbols().NameFor(program.AST().Functions()[0]->symbol), "main");
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_Function_WithAttribute) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().Functions().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().Functions().Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_EQ(program.Symbols().NameFor(program.AST().Functions()[0]->symbol), "main");
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_ParsesStruct) {
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
 
     auto program = p->program();
-    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().TypeDecls().size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(program.AST().TypeDecls().Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* t = program.AST().TypeDecls()[0];
     ASSERT_NE(t, nullptr);
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_ParsesStruct) {
 
     auto* str = t->As<ast::Struct>();
     EXPECT_EQ(str->name, program.Symbols().Get("A"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(str->members.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(str->members.Length(), 2u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalDecl_Struct_Invalid) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_global_variable_decl_test.cc

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalVariableDecl_WithAttribute) {
     ASSERT_EQ(var->constructor, nullptr);
 
     auto& attributes = var->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.Length(), 2u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(attributes[0]->Is<ast::BindingAttribute>());
     ASSERT_TRUE(attributes[1]->Is<ast::GroupAttribute>());
 }
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalVariableDecl_WithAttribute_MulitpleGroups) {
     ASSERT_EQ(var->constructor, nullptr);
 
     auto& attributes = var->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attributes.Length(), 2u);
     ASSERT_TRUE(attributes[0]->Is<ast::BindingAttribute>());
     ASSERT_TRUE(attributes[1]->Is<ast::GroupAttribute>());
 }
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalVariableDecl_InvalidConstExpr) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.matched);
     EXPECT_EQ(e.value, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:24: missing initalizer for 'var' declaration");
+    EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:24: missing initializer for 'var' declaration");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, GlobalVariableDecl_InvalidVariableDecl) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_if_stmt_test.cc

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, IfStmt) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->Is<ast::IfStatement>());
     ASSERT_NE(e->condition, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->condition->Is<ast::BinaryExpression>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(e->else_statement, nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -43,16 +43,16 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, IfStmt_WithElse) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->Is<ast::IfStatement>());
     ASSERT_NE(e->condition, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->condition->Is<ast::BinaryExpression>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 2u);
 
     auto* elseif = As<ast::IfStatement>(e->else_statement);
     ASSERT_NE(elseif, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(elseif->condition->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(elseif->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(elseif->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* el = As<ast::BlockStatement>(elseif->else_statement);
     ASSERT_NE(el, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(el->statements.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(el->statements.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, IfStmt_WithElse_WithParens) {
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, IfStmt_WithElse_WithParens) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->Is<ast::IfStatement>());
     ASSERT_NE(e->condition, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->condition->Is<ast::BinaryExpression>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 2u);
 
     auto* elseif = As<ast::IfStatement>(e->else_statement);
     ASSERT_NE(elseif, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(elseif->condition->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(elseif->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(elseif->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
 
     auto* el = As<ast::BlockStatement>(elseif->else_statement);
     ASSERT_NE(el, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(el->statements.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(el->statements.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, IfStmt_InvalidCondition) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_loop_stmt_test.cc

@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, LoopStmt_BodyNoContinuing) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_NE(e.value, nullptr);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->body->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, LoopStmt_BodyWithContinuing) {
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, LoopStmt_BodyWithContinuing) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_NE(e.value, nullptr);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->body->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->continuing->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
 }
 
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, LoopStmt_NoBodyNoContinuing) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_NE(e.value, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 0u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, LoopStmt_NoBodyWithContinuing) {
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, LoopStmt_NoBodyWithContinuing) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_NE(e.value, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->body->statements.Length(), 0u);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->continuing->statements.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e->continuing->statements[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
 }
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_param_list_test.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Single) {
     auto e = p->expect_param_list();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 1u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(e.value[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[0]->type->Is<ast::I32>());
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Multiple) {
     auto e = p->expect_param_list();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 3u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(e.value[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[0]->type->Is<ast::I32>());
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Empty) {
     auto e = p->expect_param_list();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_TrailingComma) {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_TrailingComma) {
     auto e = p->expect_param_list();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 1u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Attributes) {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Attributes) {
     auto e = p->expect_param_list();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
     ASSERT_FALSE(e.errored);
-    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e.value.Length(), 2u);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(e.value[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("coord"));
     ASSERT_TRUE(e.value[0]->type->Is<ast::Vector>());
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Attributes) {
     EXPECT_EQ(e.value[0]->type->As<ast::Vector>()->width, 4u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[0]->Is<ast::Parameter>());
     auto attrs_0 = e.value[0]->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs_0.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs_0.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs_0[0]->Is<ast::BuiltinAttribute>());
     EXPECT_EQ(attrs_0[0]->As<ast::BuiltinAttribute>()->builtin, ast::BuiltinValue::kPosition);
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, ParamList_Attributes) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[1]->type->Is<ast::F32>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[1]->Is<ast::Parameter>());
     auto attrs_1 = e.value[1]->attributes;
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs_1.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs_1.Length(), 1u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs_1[0]->Is<ast::LocationAttribute>());
     EXPECT_EQ(attrs_1[0]->As<ast::LocationAttribute>()->value, 1u);
 

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_primary_expression_test.cc

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_TypeDecl) {
 
     EXPECT_NE(call->target.type, nullptr);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.size(), 4u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.Length(), 4u);
     const auto& val = call->args;
     ASSERT_TRUE(val[0]->Is<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
     EXPECT_EQ(val[0]->As<ast::IntLiteralExpression>()->value, 1);
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_TypeDecl_ZeroConstructor) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->Is<ast::CallExpression>());
     auto* call = e->As<ast::CallExpression>();
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_TypeDecl_InvalidTypeDecl) {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_TypeDecl_StructConstructor_Empty) {
     ASSERT_NE(call->target.name, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(call->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("S"));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_TypeDecl_StructConstructor_NotEmpty) {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_TypeDecl_StructConstructor_NotEmpty) {
     ASSERT_NE(call->target.name, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(call->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("S"));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.Length(), 2u);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(call->args[0]->Is<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
     EXPECT_EQ(call->args[0]->As<ast::IntLiteralExpression>()->value, 1u);
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, PrimaryExpression_Cast) {
     auto* call = e->As<ast::CallExpression>();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(call->target.type->Is<ast::F32>());
-    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(call->args.Length(), 1u);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(call->args[0]->Is<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
 }

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_singular_expression_test.cc

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, SingularExpression_Call_Empty) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(c->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("a"));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, SingularExpression_Call_WithArgs) {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, SingularExpression_Call_WithArgs) {
 
     EXPECT_EQ(c->target.name->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Get("test"));
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.size(), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.Length(), 3u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[0]->Is<ast::IntLiteralExpression>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[1]->Is<ast::IdentifierExpression>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->args[2]->Is<ast::BinaryExpression>());
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, SingularExpression_Call_TrailingComma) {
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(e->Is<ast::CallExpression>());
     auto* c = e->As<ast::CallExpression>();
-    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c->args.Length(), 1u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, SingularExpression_Call_InvalidArg) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_statements_test.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, Statements) {
     auto e = p->expect_statements();
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[0]->Is<ast::DiscardStatement>());
     EXPECT_TRUE(e.value[1]->Is<ast::ReturnStatement>());
 }
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, Statements_Empty) {
     auto e = p->expect_statements();
     EXPECT_FALSE(e.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error()) << p->error();
-    ASSERT_EQ(e->size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(e->Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 }  // namespace

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_struct_attribute_decl_test.cc

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_Parses) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.matched);
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.Length(), 1u);
     auto* invariant = attrs.value[0]->As<ast::Attribute>();
     EXPECT_TRUE(invariant->Is<ast::InvariantAttribute>());
 }
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_MissingParenLeft) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.matched);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:11: expected '(' for location attribute");
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_MissingValue) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.matched);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:11: expected signed integer literal for location attribute");
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_MissingParenRight) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.matched);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.IsEmpty());
     EXPECT_EQ(p->error(), "1:12: expected ')' for location attribute");
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_Invalidattribute) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.matched);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.value.IsEmpty());
 }
 
 }  // namespace

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_struct_body_decl_test.cc

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructBodyDecl_Parses) {
     auto m = p->expect_struct_body_decl();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     ASSERT_FALSE(m.errored);
-    ASSERT_EQ(m.value.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(m.value.Length(), 1u);
 
     const auto* mem = m.value[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(mem->symbol, builder.Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(mem->type->Is<ast::I32>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(mem->attributes.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem->attributes.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructBodyDecl_Parses_TrailingComma) {
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructBodyDecl_Parses_TrailingComma) {
     auto m = p->expect_struct_body_decl();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     ASSERT_FALSE(m.errored);
-    ASSERT_EQ(m.value.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(m.value.Length(), 1u);
 
     const auto* mem = m.value[0];
     EXPECT_EQ(mem->symbol, builder.Symbols().Get("a"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(mem->type->Is<ast::I32>());
-    EXPECT_EQ(mem->attributes.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem->attributes.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructBodyDecl_ParsesEmpty) {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructBodyDecl_ParsesEmpty) {
     auto m = p->expect_struct_body_decl();
     ASSERT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     ASSERT_FALSE(m.errored);
-    ASSERT_EQ(m.value.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(m.value.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructBodyDecl_InvalidAlign) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_struct_decl_test.cc

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct S {
     EXPECT_TRUE(s.matched);
     ASSERT_NE(s.value, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(s->name, p->builder().Symbols().Register("S"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(s->members.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(s->members.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->members[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Register("a"));
     EXPECT_EQ(s->members[1]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Register("b"));
 }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ struct $struct {
     EXPECT_TRUE(s.matched);
     ASSERT_NE(s.value, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(s->name, p->builder().Symbols().Register(struct_ident));
-    ASSERT_EQ(s->members.size(), 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(s->members.Length(), 2u);
     EXPECT_EQ(s->members[0]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Register(member_a_ident));
     EXPECT_EQ(s->members[1]->symbol, p->builder().Symbols().Register(member_b_ident));
 }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructDecl_EmptyMembers) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(s.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(s.matched);
     ASSERT_NE(s.value, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(s->members.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(s->members.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, StructDecl_MissingIdent) {

src/tint/reader/wgsl/parser_impl_struct_member_attribute_decl_test.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_EmptyStr) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.matched);
-    EXPECT_EQ(attrs.value.size(), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(attrs.value.Length(), 0u);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_Single) {
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ TEST_F(ParserImplTest, AttributeDecl_Single) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(p->has_error());
     EXPECT_FALSE(attrs.errored);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attrs.matched);
-    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(attrs.value.Length(), 1u);
     auto* attr = attrs.value[0]->As<ast::Attribute>();
     ASSERT_NE(attr, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(attr->Is<ast::StructMemberSizeAttribute>());