d3d12: Add support for fences for external images

DXGI external images can now be imported with both fence and texture
shared handles. Fence wait and signal values can be specified for
ProduceTexture. Keyed mutex functionality is kept as is with no change.
The D3D12 resource wrapping tests now run in both keyed mutex and fence
modes.

Bug: dawn:576
Change-Id: Ic793bcc828e5a8850c1367ecffabedd1c67184d9
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/78604
Kokoro: Kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Austin Eng <enga@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Sunny Sachanandani <sunnyps@chromium.org>

include/dawn/native/D3D12Backend.h

@@ -52,20 +52,43 @@ struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle : ExternalImag
     ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle();
 
     // Note: SharedHandle must be a handle to a texture object.
-    HANDLE sharedHandle;
+    // TODO(dawn:576): Remove after changing Chromium code to set textureSharedHandle.
+    HANDLE sharedHandle = nullptr;
+    HANDLE textureSharedHandle = nullptr;
+
+    // Optional shared handle to a D3D11/12 fence which can be used to synchronize using wait/signal
+    // values specified in the access descriptor below. If null, the texture will be assumed to have
+    // an associated DXGI keyed mutex which will be used with a fixed key of 0 for synchronization.
+    HANDLE fenceSharedHandle = nullptr;
 };
 
 // Keyed mutex acquire/release uses a fixed key of 0 to match Chromium behavior.
 constexpr UINT64 kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey = 0;
 
-struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle
     : ExternalImageAccessDescriptor {
+  public:
+    // Value used for fence wait. A value of 0 is valid, but essentially a no-op since the fence
+    // lifetime starts with the 0 value signaled. A value of UINT64_MAX is ignored since it's also
+    // used by the D3D runtime to indicate that the device was removed.
+    uint64_t fenceWaitValue = 0;
+
+    // Value to signal the fence with after the texture is destroyed. A value of 0 means the fence
+    // will not be signaled.
+    uint64_t fenceSignalValue = 0;
+
+    // Whether the texture is for a WebGPU swap chain.
+    bool isSwapChainTexture = false;
+};
+
+// TODO(dawn:576): Remove after changing Chromium code to use the new struct name.
+struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex
+    : ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle {
   public:
     // TODO(chromium:1241533): Remove deprecated keyed mutex params after removing associated
     // code from Chromium - we use a fixed key of 0 for acquire and release everywhere now.
     uint64_t acquireMutexKey;
     uint64_t releaseMutexKey;
-    bool isSwapChainTexture = false;
 };
 
 class DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageDXGI {
@@ -78,13 +101,15 @@ class DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageDXGI {
         const ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle* descriptor);
 
     WGPUTexture ProduceTexture(WGPUDevice device,
-                               const ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex* descriptor);
+                               const ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle* descriptor);
 
   private:
     ExternalImageDXGI(Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Resource,
+                      Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
                       const WGPUTextureDescriptor* descriptor);
 
     Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> mD3D12Resource;
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> mD3D12Fence;
 
     // Contents of WGPUTextureDescriptor are stored individually since the descriptor
     // could outlive this image.

include/dawn/native/DawnNative.h

@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageDescriptor {
 
 struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageAccessDescriptor {
   public:
-    bool isInitialized;  // Whether the texture is initialized on import
+    bool isInitialized = false;  // Whether the texture is initialized on import
-    WGPUTextureUsageFlags usage;
+    WGPUTextureUsageFlags usage = WGPUTextureUsage_None;
 };
 
 struct DAWN_NATIVE_EXPORT ExternalImageExportInfo {
   public:
-    bool isInitialized;  // Whether the texture is initialized after export
+    bool isInitialized = false;  // Whether the texture is initialized after export
     ExternalImageType GetType() const;
 
   protected:

src/dawn/native/d3d12/CommandRecordingContext.cpp

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ MaybeError CommandRecordingContext::ExecuteCommandList(Device* device) {
         // common state right before command list submission. TransitionUsageNow itself ensures
         // no unnecessary transitions happen if the resources is already in the common state.
         for (Texture* texture : mSharedTextures) {
-            DAWN_TRY(texture->AcquireKeyedMutex());
+            DAWN_TRY(texture->SynchronizeImportedTextureBeforeUse());
             texture->TrackAllUsageAndTransitionNow(this, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
         }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ MaybeError CommandRecordingContext::ExecuteCommandList(Device* device) {
         device->GetCommandQueue()->ExecuteCommandLists(1, &d3d12CommandList);
 
         for (Texture* texture : mSharedTextures) {
-            texture->ReleaseKeyedMutex();
+            texture->SynchronizeImportedTextureAfterUse();
         }
 
         mIsOpen = false;

src/dawn/native/d3d12/D3D12Backend.cpp

@@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle::ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle
     : ExternalImageDescriptor(ExternalImageType::DXGISharedHandle) {}
 
 ExternalImageDXGI::ExternalImageDXGI(ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Resource,
+                                     ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
                                      const WGPUTextureDescriptor* descriptor)
     : mD3D12Resource(std::move(d3d12Resource)),
+      mD3D12Fence(std::move(d3d12Fence)),
       mUsage(descriptor->usage),
       mDimension(descriptor->dimension),
       mSize(descriptor->size),
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ ExternalImageDXGI::~ExternalImageDXGI() = default;
 
 WGPUTexture ExternalImageDXGI::ProduceTexture(
     WGPUDevice device,
-    const ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex* descriptor) {
+    const ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle* descriptor) {
     Device* backendDevice = ToBackend(FromAPI(device));
 
     // Ensure the texture usage is allowed
@@ -100,16 +102,20 @@ WGPUTexture ExternalImageDXGI::ProduceTexture(
         internalDesc.sType = wgpu::SType::DawnTextureInternalUsageDescriptor;
     }
 
-    Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource =
+    Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource;
-        mD3D11on12ResourceCache->GetOrCreateD3D11on12Resource(device, mD3D12Resource.Get());
+    if (!mD3D12Fence) {
-    if (d3d11on12Resource == nullptr) {
+        d3d11on12Resource =
-        dawn::ErrorLog() << "Unable to create 11on12 resource for external image";
+            mD3D11on12ResourceCache->GetOrCreateD3D11on12Resource(device, mD3D12Resource.Get());
-        return nullptr;
+        if (d3d11on12Resource == nullptr) {
+            dawn::ErrorLog() << "Unable to create 11on12 resource for external image";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
     }
 
     Ref<TextureBase> texture = backendDevice->CreateD3D12ExternalTexture(
-        &textureDescriptor, mD3D12Resource, std::move(d3d11on12Resource),
+        &textureDescriptor, mD3D12Resource, mD3D12Fence, std::move(d3d11on12Resource),
-        descriptor->isSwapChainTexture, descriptor->isInitialized);
+        descriptor->fenceWaitValue, descriptor->fenceSignalValue, descriptor->isSwapChainTexture,
+        descriptor->isInitialized);
 
     return ToAPI(texture.Detach());
 }
@@ -120,12 +126,25 @@ std::unique_ptr<ExternalImageDXGI> ExternalImageDXGI::Create(
     const ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle* descriptor) {
     Device* backendDevice = ToBackend(FromAPI(device));
 
+    // Use sharedHandle as a fallback until Chromium code is changed to set textureSharedHandle.
+    HANDLE textureSharedHandle = descriptor->textureSharedHandle;
+    if (!textureSharedHandle) {
+        textureSharedHandle = descriptor->sharedHandle;
+    }
+
     Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Resource;
-    if (FAILED(backendDevice->GetD3D12Device()->OpenSharedHandle(descriptor->sharedHandle,
+    if (FAILED(backendDevice->GetD3D12Device()->OpenSharedHandle(textureSharedHandle,
                                                                  IID_PPV_ARGS(&d3d12Resource)))) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence;
+    if (descriptor->fenceSharedHandle &&
+        FAILED(backendDevice->GetD3D12Device()->OpenSharedHandle(descriptor->fenceSharedHandle,
+                                                                 IID_PPV_ARGS(&d3d12Fence)))) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     const TextureDescriptor* textureDescriptor = FromAPI(descriptor->cTextureDescriptor);
 
     if (backendDevice->ConsumedError(ValidateTextureDescriptor(backendDevice, textureDescriptor))) {
@@ -154,8 +173,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<ExternalImageDXGI> ExternalImageDXGI::Create(
         }
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<ExternalImageDXGI> result(
+    std::unique_ptr<ExternalImageDXGI> result(new ExternalImageDXGI(
-        new ExternalImageDXGI(std::move(d3d12Resource), descriptor->cTextureDescriptor));
+        std::move(d3d12Resource), std::move(d3d12Fence), descriptor->cTextureDescriptor));
     return result;
 }
 

src/dawn/native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.cpp

@@ -535,13 +535,17 @@ ResultOrError<ResourceHeapAllocation> Device::AllocateMemory(
 Ref<TextureBase> Device::CreateD3D12ExternalTexture(
     const TextureDescriptor* descriptor,
     ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
+    ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
     Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource,
+    uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
+    uint64_t fenceSignalValue,
     bool isSwapChainTexture,
     bool isInitialized) {
     Ref<Texture> dawnTexture;
-    if (ConsumedError(Texture::CreateExternalImage(this, descriptor, std::move(d3d12Texture),
+    if (ConsumedError(Texture::CreateExternalImage(
-                                                   std::move(d3d11on12Resource), isSwapChainTexture,
+                          this, descriptor, std::move(d3d12Texture), std::move(d3d12Fence),
-                                                   isInitialized),
+                          std::move(d3d11on12Resource), fenceWaitValue, fenceSignalValue,
+                          isSwapChainTexture, isInitialized),
                       &dawnTexture)) {
         return nullptr;
     }

src/dawn/native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.h

@@ -130,7 +130,10 @@ class Device final : public DeviceBase {
 
     Ref<TextureBase> CreateD3D12ExternalTexture(const TextureDescriptor* descriptor,
                                                 ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
+                                                ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
                                                 Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource,
+                                                uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
+                                                uint64_t fenceSignalValue,
                                                 bool isSwapChainTexture,
                                                 bool isInitialized);
 

src/dawn/native/d3d12/TextureD3D12.cpp

@@ -511,13 +511,17 @@ ResultOrError<Ref<Texture>> Texture::CreateExternalImage(
     Device* device,
     const TextureDescriptor* descriptor,
     ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
+    ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
     Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource,
+    uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
+    uint64_t fenceSignalValue,
     bool isSwapChainTexture,
     bool isInitialized) {
     Ref<Texture> dawnTexture =
         AcquireRef(new Texture(device, descriptor, TextureState::OwnedExternal));
     DAWN_TRY(dawnTexture->InitializeAsExternalTexture(
-        descriptor, std::move(d3d12Texture), std::move(d3d11on12Resource), isSwapChainTexture));
+        std::move(d3d12Texture), std::move(d3d12Fence), std::move(d3d11on12Resource),
+        fenceWaitValue, fenceSignalValue, isSwapChainTexture));
 
     // Importing a multi-planar format must be initialized. This is required because
     // a shared multi-planar format cannot be initialized by Dawn.
@@ -541,13 +545,12 @@ ResultOrError<Ref<Texture>> Texture::Create(Device* device,
     return std::move(dawnTexture);
 }
 
-MaybeError Texture::InitializeAsExternalTexture(const TextureDescriptor* descriptor,
+MaybeError Texture::InitializeAsExternalTexture(ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
-                                                ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
+                                                ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
                                                 Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource,
+                                                uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
+                                                uint64_t fenceSignalValue,
                                                 bool isSwapChainTexture) {
-    mD3D11on12Resource = std::move(d3d11on12Resource);
-    mSwapChainTexture = isSwapChainTexture;
-
     D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC desc = d3d12Texture->GetDesc();
     mD3D12ResourceFlags = desc.Flags;
 
@@ -558,6 +561,12 @@ MaybeError Texture::InitializeAsExternalTexture(const TextureDescriptor* descrip
     // memory management.
     mResourceAllocation = {info, 0, std::move(d3d12Texture), nullptr};
 
+    mD3D12Fence = std::move(d3d12Fence);
+    mD3D11on12Resource = std::move(d3d11on12Resource);
+    mFenceWaitValue = fenceWaitValue;
+    mFenceSignalValue = fenceSignalValue;
+    mSwapChainTexture = isSwapChainTexture;
+
     SetLabelHelper("Dawn_ExternalTexture");
 
     return {};
@@ -657,9 +666,15 @@ void Texture::DestroyImpl() {
     // ID3D12SharingContract::Present.
     mSwapChainTexture = false;
 
-    // Now that the texture has been destroyed. It should release the refptr
+    // Signal the fence on destroy after all uses of the texture.
-    // of the d3d11on12 resource.
+    if (mD3D12Fence != nullptr && mFenceSignalValue != 0) {
+        device->GetCommandQueue()->Signal(mD3D12Fence.Get(), mFenceSignalValue);
+    }
+
+    // Now that the texture has been destroyed. It should release the refptr of the d3d11on12
+    // resource and the fence.
     mD3D11on12Resource = nullptr;
+    mD3D12Fence = nullptr;
 }
 
 DXGI_FORMAT Texture::GetD3D12Format() const {
@@ -692,14 +707,27 @@ DXGI_FORMAT Texture::GetD3D12CopyableSubresourceFormat(Aspect aspect) const {
     }
 }
 
-MaybeError Texture::AcquireKeyedMutex() {
+MaybeError Texture::SynchronizeImportedTextureBeforeUse() {
-    ASSERT(mD3D11on12Resource != nullptr);
+    if (mD3D11on12Resource != nullptr) {
-    return mD3D11on12Resource->AcquireKeyedMutex();
+        DAWN_TRY(mD3D11on12Resource->AcquireKeyedMutex());
+    }
+    // Perform the wait only on the first call. We can use UINT64_MAX as a sentinel value since it's
+    // also used by the D3D runtime to indicate device removed according to:
+    // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/d3d12/nf-d3d12-id3d12fence-getcompletedvalue#return-value
+    if (mD3D12Fence != nullptr && mFenceWaitValue != UINT64_MAX) {
+        DAWN_TRY(CheckHRESULT(
+            ToBackend(GetDevice())->GetCommandQueue()->Wait(mD3D12Fence.Get(), mFenceWaitValue),
+            "D3D12 fence wait"));
+        mFenceWaitValue = UINT64_MAX;
+    }
+    return {};
 }
 
-void Texture::ReleaseKeyedMutex() {
+void Texture::SynchronizeImportedTextureAfterUse() {
-    ASSERT(mD3D11on12Resource != nullptr);
+    if (mD3D11on12Resource != nullptr) {
-    mD3D11on12Resource->ReleaseKeyedMutex();
+        mD3D11on12Resource->ReleaseKeyedMutex();
+    }
+    // Defer signaling the fence until destroy after all uses of the fence.
 }
 
 void Texture::TrackUsageAndTransitionNow(CommandRecordingContext* commandContext,
@@ -850,10 +878,10 @@ void Texture::TransitionSubresourceRange(std::vector<D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER>* ba
 }
 
 void Texture::HandleTransitionSpecialCases(CommandRecordingContext* commandContext) {
-    // Textures with keyed mutexes can be written from other graphics queues. Hence, they
+    // Externally allocated textures can be written from other graphics queues. Hence, they must be
-    // must be acquired before command list submission to ensure work from the other queues
+    // acquired before command list submission to ensure work from the other queues has finished.
-    // has finished. See Device::ExecuteCommandContext.
+    // See CommandRecordingContext::ExecuteCommandList.
-    if (mD3D11on12Resource != nullptr) {
+    if (mResourceAllocation.GetInfo().mMethod == AllocationMethod::kExternal) {
         commandContext->AddToSharedTextureList(this);
     }
 }

src/dawn/native/d3d12/TextureD3D12.h

@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ class Texture final : public TextureBase {
         Device* device,
         const TextureDescriptor* descriptor,
         ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
+        ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
         Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource,
+        uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
+        uint64_t fenceSignalValue,
         bool isSwapChainTexture,
         bool isInitialized);
     static ResultOrError<Ref<Texture>> Create(Device* device,
@@ -70,8 +73,8 @@ class Texture final : public TextureBase {
     void EnsureSubresourceContentInitialized(CommandRecordingContext* commandContext,
                                              const SubresourceRange& range);
 
-    MaybeError AcquireKeyedMutex();
+    MaybeError SynchronizeImportedTextureBeforeUse();
-    void ReleaseKeyedMutex();
+    void SynchronizeImportedTextureAfterUse();
 
     void TrackUsageAndGetResourceBarrierForPass(CommandRecordingContext* commandContext,
                                                 std::vector<D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER>* barrier,
@@ -97,9 +100,11 @@ class Texture final : public TextureBase {
     using TextureBase::TextureBase;
 
     MaybeError InitializeAsInternalTexture();
-    MaybeError InitializeAsExternalTexture(const TextureDescriptor* descriptor,
+    MaybeError InitializeAsExternalTexture(ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
-                                           ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture,
+                                           ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> d3d12Fence,
                                            Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> d3d11on12Resource,
+                                           uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
+                                           uint64_t fenceSignalValue,
                                            bool isSwapChainTexture);
     MaybeError InitializeAsSwapChainTexture(ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> d3d12Texture);
 
@@ -132,13 +137,17 @@ class Texture final : public TextureBase {
                                     ExecutionSerial pendingCommandSerial) const;
     void HandleTransitionSpecialCases(CommandRecordingContext* commandContext);
 
-    SubresourceStorage<StateAndDecay> mSubresourceStateAndDecay;
-
-    ResourceHeapAllocation mResourceAllocation;
-    bool mSwapChainTexture = false;
     D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS mD3D12ResourceFlags;
+    ResourceHeapAllocation mResourceAllocation;
 
+    // TODO(dawn:1460): Encapsulate imported image fields e.g. std::unique_ptr<ExternalImportInfo>.
+    ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> mD3D12Fence;
     Ref<D3D11on12ResourceCacheEntry> mD3D11on12Resource;
+    uint64_t mFenceWaitValue = 0;
+    uint64_t mFenceSignalValue = 0;
+    bool mSwapChainTexture = false;
+
+    SubresourceStorage<StateAndDecay> mSubresourceStateAndDecay;
 };
 
 class TextureView final : public TextureViewBase {

src/dawn/tests/end2end/D3D12ResourceWrappingTests.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include <d3d11.h>
+#include <d3d11_4.h>
 #include <d3d12.h>
 #include <dxgi1_4.h>
 #include <wrl/client.h>
@@ -30,9 +31,28 @@ using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
 
 namespace {
 
+enum class SyncMode {
+    kKeyedMutex,
+    kFence,
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const SyncMode& m) {
+    switch (m) {
+        case SyncMode::kKeyedMutex:
+            o << "KeyedMutex";
+            break;
+        case SyncMode::kFence:
+            o << "Fence";
+            break;
+    }
+    return o;
+}
+
+DAWN_TEST_PARAM_STRUCT(D3D12ResourceTestParams, SyncMode);
+
 using dawn::native::d3d12::kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey;
 
-class D3D12ResourceTestBase : public DawnTest {
+class D3D12ResourceTestBase : public DawnTestWithParams<D3D12ResourceTestParams> {
   protected:
     std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> GetRequiredFeatures() override {
         return {wgpu::FeatureName::DawnInternalUsages};
@@ -40,7 +60,7 @@ class D3D12ResourceTestBase : public DawnTest {
 
   public:
     void SetUp() override {
-        DawnTest::SetUp();
+        DawnTestWithParams<D3D12ResourceTestParams>::SetUp();
         if (UsesWire()) {
             return;
         }
@@ -88,8 +108,12 @@ class D3D12ResourceTestBase : public DawnTest {
         baseD3dDescriptor.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
         baseD3dDescriptor.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET;
         baseD3dDescriptor.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
-        baseD3dDescriptor.MiscFlags =
+        baseD3dDescriptor.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_NTHANDLE;
-            D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_NTHANDLE | D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX;
+        if (GetParam().mSyncMode == SyncMode::kKeyedMutex) {
+            baseD3dDescriptor.MiscFlags |= D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX;
+        } else {
+            baseD3dDescriptor.MiscFlags |= D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED;
+        }
     }
 
   protected:
@@ -98,7 +122,8 @@ class D3D12ResourceTestBase : public DawnTest {
         const D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC* baseD3dDescriptor,
         wgpu::Texture* dawnTexture,
         ID3D11Texture2D** d3d11TextureOut,
-        std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI>* externalImageOut = nullptr) const {
+        std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI>* externalImageOut = nullptr,
+        uint64_t fenceSignalValue = 1) const {
         ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
         HRESULT hr = mD3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(baseD3dDescriptor, nullptr, &d3d11Texture);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
@@ -107,31 +132,54 @@ class D3D12ResourceTestBase : public DawnTest {
         hr = d3d11Texture.As(&dxgiResource);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
-        HANDLE sharedHandle;
+        HANDLE textureSharedHandle;
         hr = dxgiResource->CreateSharedHandle(
             nullptr, DXGI_SHARED_RESOURCE_READ | DXGI_SHARED_RESOURCE_WRITE, nullptr,
-            &sharedHandle);
+            &textureSharedHandle);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
+        HANDLE fenceSharedHandle = nullptr;
+        ComPtr<ID3D11Fence> d3d11Fence;
+
+        if (GetParam().mSyncMode == SyncMode::kFence) {
+            ComPtr<ID3D11Device5> d3d11Device5;
+            hr = mD3d11Device.As(&d3d11Device5);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            hr = d3d11Device5->CreateFence(0, D3D11_FENCE_FLAG_SHARED, IID_PPV_ARGS(&d3d11Fence));
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            hr = d3d11Fence->CreateSharedHandle(nullptr, GENERIC_ALL, nullptr, &fenceSharedHandle);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        }
+
         dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalImageDesc;
         externalImageDesc.cTextureDescriptor =
             reinterpret_cast<const WGPUTextureDescriptor*>(dawnDesc);
-        externalImageDesc.sharedHandle = sharedHandle;
+        externalImageDesc.textureSharedHandle = textureSharedHandle;
+        externalImageDesc.fenceSharedHandle = fenceSharedHandle;
 
         std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI> externalImage =
             dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI::Create(device.Get(), &externalImageDesc);
 
         // Now that we've created all of our resources, we can close the handle
         // since we no longer need it.
-        ::CloseHandle(sharedHandle);
+        ::CloseHandle(textureSharedHandle);
+        if (fenceSharedHandle != nullptr) {
+            ::CloseHandle(fenceSharedHandle);
+        }
 
         // Cannot access a non-existent external image (ex. validation error).
         if (externalImage == nullptr) {
             return;
         }
 
-        dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex externalAccessDesc;
+        dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalAccessDesc;
         externalAccessDesc.usage = static_cast<WGPUTextureUsageFlags>(dawnDesc->usage);
+        if (d3d11Fence != nullptr) {
+            externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 0;
+            externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = fenceSignalValue;
+        }
 
         *dawnTexture = wgpu::Texture::Acquire(
             externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
@@ -340,70 +388,113 @@ class D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests : public D3D12ResourceTestBase {
         queue.Submit(1, &commands);
     }
 
-    void WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(const wgpu::TextureDescriptor* dawnDescriptor,
+    void WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(const wgpu::TextureDescriptor& dawnDescriptor,
-                                  const D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC* d3dDescriptor,
+                                  const D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC& d3dDescriptor,
-                                  wgpu::Texture* dawnTextureOut,
                                   const wgpu::Color& clearColor,
+                                  wgpu::Texture* dawnTextureOut,
                                   ID3D11Texture2D** d3d11TextureOut,
-                                  IDXGIKeyedMutex** dxgiKeyedMutexOut,
+                                  bool isInitialized = true,
-                                  bool isInitialized = true) const {
+                                  IDXGIKeyedMutex** dxgiKeyedMutexOut = nullptr,
+                                  ID3D11Fence** d3d11FenceOut = nullptr,
+                                  uint64_t* nextFenceWaitValue = nullptr) const {
         ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
-        HRESULT hr = mD3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(d3dDescriptor, nullptr, &d3d11Texture);
+        HRESULT hr = mD3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&d3dDescriptor, nullptr, &d3d11Texture);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
         ComPtr<IDXGIResource1> dxgiResource;
         hr = d3d11Texture.As(&dxgiResource);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
-        HANDLE sharedHandle;
+        HANDLE textureSharedHandle;
         hr = dxgiResource->CreateSharedHandle(
             nullptr, DXGI_SHARED_RESOURCE_READ | DXGI_SHARED_RESOURCE_WRITE, nullptr,
-            &sharedHandle);
+            &textureSharedHandle);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
         ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
-        hr = d3d11Texture.As(&dxgiKeyedMutex);
+
-        ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        HANDLE fenceSharedHandle = nullptr;
+        ComPtr<ID3D11Fence> d3d11Fence;
+
+        ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext4> d3d11DeviceContext4;
+
+        if (GetParam().mSyncMode == SyncMode::kKeyedMutex) {
+            hr = d3d11Texture.As(&dxgiKeyedMutex);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->AcquireSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey, INFINITE);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        } else {
+            ComPtr<ID3D11Device5> d3d11Device5;
+            hr = mD3d11Device.As(&d3d11Device5);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            hr = d3d11Device5->CreateFence(0, D3D11_FENCE_FLAG_SHARED, IID_PPV_ARGS(&d3d11Fence));
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            hr = d3d11Fence->CreateSharedHandle(nullptr, GENERIC_ALL, nullptr, &fenceSharedHandle);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        }
 
         ComPtr<ID3D11RenderTargetView> d3d11RTV;
         hr = mD3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(d3d11Texture.Get(), nullptr, &d3d11RTV);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
-        hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->AcquireSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey, INFINITE);
-        ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
-
         const float colorRGBA[] = {
             static_cast<float>(clearColor.r), static_cast<float>(clearColor.g),
             static_cast<float>(clearColor.b), static_cast<float>(clearColor.a)};
         mD3d11DeviceContext->ClearRenderTargetView(d3d11RTV.Get(), colorRGBA);
 
-        hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->ReleaseSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey);
-        ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
-
         dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalImageDesc = {};
-        externalImageDesc.sharedHandle = sharedHandle;
+        externalImageDesc.textureSharedHandle = textureSharedHandle;
+        externalImageDesc.fenceSharedHandle = fenceSharedHandle;
         externalImageDesc.cTextureDescriptor =
-            reinterpret_cast<const WGPUTextureDescriptor*>(dawnDescriptor);
+            reinterpret_cast<const WGPUTextureDescriptor*>(&dawnDescriptor);
+
+        dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalAccessDesc;
+        externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = isInitialized;
+        externalAccessDesc.usage = static_cast<WGPUTextureUsageFlags>(dawnDescriptor.usage);
+
+        if (dxgiKeyedMutex) {
+            hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->ReleaseSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        } else {
+            hr = mD3d11DeviceContext.As(&d3d11DeviceContext4);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            // The fence starts with 0 signaled, but that won't capture the render target view clear
+            // above, so signal explicitly with 1 and make the next Dawn access wait on 1.
+            d3d11DeviceContext4->Signal(d3d11Fence.Get(), 1);
+
+            externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 1;
+            externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = 2;
+        }
 
         std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI> externalImage =
             dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI::Create(device.Get(), &externalImageDesc);
 
-        dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex externalAccessDesc;
-        externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = isInitialized;
-        externalAccessDesc.usage = static_cast<WGPUTextureUsageFlags>(dawnDescriptor->usage);
-
         *dawnTextureOut = wgpu::Texture::Acquire(
             externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
         *d3d11TextureOut = d3d11Texture.Detach();
-        *dxgiKeyedMutexOut = dxgiKeyedMutex.Detach();
+
+        if (dxgiKeyedMutexOut != nullptr) {
+            *dxgiKeyedMutexOut = dxgiKeyedMutex.Detach();
+        }
+
+        if (d3d11FenceOut != nullptr) {
+            *d3d11FenceOut = d3d11Fence.Detach();
+        }
+
+        if (nextFenceWaitValue != nullptr) {
+            *nextFenceWaitValue = externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue;
+        }
     }
 
     void ExpectPixelRGBA8EQ(ID3D11Texture2D* d3d11Texture,
                             IDXGIKeyedMutex* dxgiKeyedMutex,
+                            ID3D11Fence* d3d11Fence,
+                            uint64_t fenceWaitValue,
                             const wgpu::Color& color) {
-        HRESULT hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->AcquireSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey, INFINITE);
-        ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
-
         D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC texture2DDesc;
         d3d11Texture->GetDesc(&texture2DDesc);
 
@@ -418,7 +509,8 @@ class D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests : public D3D12ResourceTestBase {
             D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_READ | D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE);  // CPUAccessFlags
 
         ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> spD3DTextureStaging;
-        hr = mD3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&texture2DStagingDesc, nullptr, &spD3DTextureStaging);
+        HRESULT hr =
+            mD3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&texture2DStagingDesc, nullptr, &spD3DTextureStaging);
         ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
 
         D3D11_BOX d3dRc;
@@ -429,6 +521,19 @@ class D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests : public D3D12ResourceTestBase {
         d3dRc.bottom = texture2DDesc.Height;
         d3dRc.right = texture2DDesc.Width;
 
+        if (dxgiKeyedMutex != nullptr) {
+            hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->AcquireSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey, INFINITE);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        }
+        if (d3d11Fence != nullptr) {
+            ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext4> d3d11DeviceContext4;
+            hr = mD3d11DeviceContext.As(&d3d11DeviceContext4);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+
+            hr = d3d11DeviceContext4->Wait(d3d11Fence, fenceWaitValue);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        }
+
         mD3d11DeviceContext->CopySubresourceRegion(spD3DTextureStaging.Get(),  // pDstResource
                                                    0,                          // DstSubresource
                                                    0,                          // DstX
@@ -451,8 +556,10 @@ class D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests : public D3D12ResourceTestBase {
 
         mD3d11DeviceContext->Unmap(spD3DTextureStaging.Get(), 0);
 
-        hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->ReleaseSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey);
+        if (dxgiKeyedMutex != nullptr) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+            hr = dxgiKeyedMutex->ReleaseSync(kDXGIKeyedMutexAcquireReleaseKey);
+            ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+        }
     }
 };
 
@@ -465,9 +572,8 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ClearInD3D11CopyAndReadbackInD3D12) {
     const wgpu::Color clearColor{1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
     wgpu::Texture dawnSrcTexture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
-    ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
+    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(baseDawnDescriptor, baseD3dDescriptor, clearColor, &dawnSrcTexture,
-    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &dawnSrcTexture, clearColor,
+                             &d3d11Texture);
-                             &d3d11Texture, &dxgiKeyedMutex);
     ASSERT_NE(dawnSrcTexture.Get(), nullptr);
 
     // Create a texture on the device and copy the source texture to it.
@@ -489,9 +595,8 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ClearInD3D11ReadbackInD3D12) {
     const wgpu::Color clearColor{1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
     wgpu::Texture dawnTexture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
-    ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
+    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(baseDawnDescriptor, baseD3dDescriptor, clearColor, &dawnTexture,
-    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &dawnTexture, clearColor,
+                             &d3d11Texture);
-                             &d3d11Texture, &dxgiKeyedMutex);
     ASSERT_NE(dawnTexture.Get(), nullptr);
 
     // Readback the destination texture and ensure it contains the colors we used
@@ -515,8 +620,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ClearInD3D12ReadbackInD3D11) {
     wgpu::Texture dawnTexture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
     ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
-    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &dawnTexture, d3d11ClearColor,
+    ComPtr<ID3D11Fence> d3d11Fence;
-                             &d3d11Texture, &dxgiKeyedMutex);
+    uint64_t nextFenceWaitValue;
+    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(baseDawnDescriptor, baseD3dDescriptor, d3d11ClearColor, &dawnTexture,
+                             &d3d11Texture, /*isInitialized=*/true, &dxgiKeyedMutex, &d3d11Fence,
+                             &nextFenceWaitValue);
     ASSERT_NE(dawnTexture.Get(), nullptr);
 
     const wgpu::Color d3d12ClearColor{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
@@ -527,7 +635,8 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ClearInD3D12ReadbackInD3D11) {
     // Now that Dawn (via D3D12) has finished writing to the texture, we should be
     // able to read it back by copying it to a staging texture and verifying the
     // color matches the D3D12 clear color.
-    ExpectPixelRGBA8EQ(d3d11Texture.Get(), dxgiKeyedMutex.Get(), d3d12ClearColor);
+    ExpectPixelRGBA8EQ(d3d11Texture.Get(), dxgiKeyedMutex.Get(), d3d11Fence.Get(),
+                       nextFenceWaitValue, d3d12ClearColor);
 }
 
 // 1. Create and clear a D3D11 texture
@@ -545,8 +654,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ClearTwiceInD3D12ReadbackInD3D11) {
     wgpu::Texture dawnTexture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
     ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
-    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &dawnTexture, d3d11ClearColor,
+    ComPtr<ID3D11Fence> d3d11Fence;
-                             &d3d11Texture, &dxgiKeyedMutex);
+    uint64_t nextFenceWaitValue;
+    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(baseDawnDescriptor, baseD3dDescriptor, d3d11ClearColor, &dawnTexture,
+                             &d3d11Texture, /*isInitialized=*/true, &dxgiKeyedMutex, &d3d11Fence,
+                             &nextFenceWaitValue);
     ASSERT_NE(dawnTexture.Get(), nullptr);
 
     const wgpu::Color d3d12ClearColor1{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
@@ -560,7 +672,8 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ClearTwiceInD3D12ReadbackInD3D11) {
     // Now that Dawn (via D3D12) has finished writing to the texture, we should be
     // able to read it back by copying it to a staging texture and verifying the
     // color matches the last D3D12 clear color.
-    ExpectPixelRGBA8EQ(d3d11Texture.Get(), dxgiKeyedMutex.Get(), d3d12ClearColor2);
+    ExpectPixelRGBA8EQ(d3d11Texture.Get(), dxgiKeyedMutex.Get(), d3d11Fence.Get(),
+                       nextFenceWaitValue, d3d12ClearColor2);
 }
 
 // 1. Create and clear a D3D11 texture with clearColor
@@ -572,9 +685,8 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, UninitializedTextureIsCleared) {
     const wgpu::Color clearColor{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
     wgpu::Texture dawnTexture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
-    ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
+    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(baseDawnDescriptor, baseD3dDescriptor, clearColor, &dawnTexture,
-    WrapAndClearD3D11Texture(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &dawnTexture, clearColor,
+                             &d3d11Texture, /*isInitialized=*/false);
-                             &d3d11Texture, &dxgiKeyedMutex, false);
     ASSERT_NE(dawnTexture.Get(), nullptr);
 
     // Readback the destination texture and ensure it contains the colors we used
@@ -593,7 +705,7 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImage) {
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
     std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI> externalImage;
     WrapSharedHandle(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &texture, &d3d11Texture,
-                     &externalImage);
+                     &externalImage, /*fenceSignalValue=*/1);
     {
         const wgpu::Color solidRed{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
         ASSERT_NE(texture.Get(), nullptr);
@@ -607,9 +719,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImage) {
     texture.Destroy();
 
     // Create another Dawn texture then clear it with another color.
-    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex externalAccessDesc;
+    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalAccessDesc;
     externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = true;
     externalAccessDesc.usage = static_cast<WGPUTextureUsageFlags>(baseDawnDescriptor.usage);
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 1;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = 2;
 
     texture =
         wgpu::Texture::Acquire(externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
@@ -625,49 +739,46 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImage) {
 
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF), texture.Get(), 0, 0);
     }
+
+    texture.Destroy();
 }
 
-TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, RecursiveExternalImageAccess) {
+TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ConcurrentExternalImageReadAccess) {
     DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(UsesWire());
 
-    // Create the first Dawn texture then clear it to red.
+    // Create Dawn texture with write access, then clear it to red.
-    wgpu::Texture texture1;
+    wgpu::Texture texture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
     std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI> externalImage;
-    WrapSharedHandle(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &texture1, &d3d11Texture,
+    WrapSharedHandle(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &texture, &d3d11Texture,
-                     &externalImage);
+                     &externalImage, /*fenceSignalValue=*/1);
     {
         const wgpu::Color solidRed{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
-        ASSERT_NE(texture1.Get(), nullptr);
+        ASSERT_NE(texture.Get(), nullptr);
-        ClearImage(texture1.Get(), solidRed, device);
+        ClearImage(texture.Get(), solidRed, device);
 
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0xFF, 0, 0, 0xFF), texture1.Get(), 0, 0);
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0xFF, 0, 0, 0xFF), texture.Get(), 0, 0);
     }
 
-    // Create another Dawn texture then clear it with another color.
+    texture.Destroy();
-    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex externalAccessDesc;
+
-    externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = true;
+    // Create two Dawn textures for concurrent read.
-    externalAccessDesc.usage = static_cast<WGPUTextureUsageFlags>(baseDawnDescriptor.usage);
+    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalAccessDesc;
+    externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = true;
+    externalAccessDesc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_CopySrc;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 1;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = 2;
+
+    wgpu::Texture texture1 =
+        wgpu::Texture::Acquire(externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
 
-    // Acquire the ExternalImageDXGI again without destroying the original texture.
     wgpu::Texture texture2 =
         wgpu::Texture::Acquire(externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
 
-    // Check again that the new texture is still red
+    // Check again that the new textures are also red.
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0xFF, 0, 0, 0xFF), texture1.Get(), 0, 0);
     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0xFF, 0, 0, 0xFF), texture2.Get(), 0, 0);
 
-    // Clear the new texture to blue
-    {
-        const wgpu::Color solidBlue{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
-        ASSERT_NE(texture2.Get(), nullptr);
-        ClearImage(texture2.Get(), solidBlue, device);
-
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF), texture2.Get(), 0, 0);
-    }
-
-    // Check that the original texture is also blue
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF), texture1.Get(), 0, 0);
-
     texture1.Destroy();
     texture2.Destroy();
 }
@@ -676,17 +787,18 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, RecursiveExternalImageAccess) {
 TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ExternalImageUsage) {
     DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(UsesWire());
 
-    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex externalAccessDesc;
-    externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = true;
-
     wgpu::Texture texture;
     ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
     std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageDXGI> externalImage;
     WrapSharedHandle(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &texture, &d3d11Texture,
-                     &externalImage);
+                     &externalImage, /*fenceSignalValue=*/1);
     ASSERT_NE(texture.Get(), nullptr);
 
+    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalAccessDesc;
+    externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = true;
     externalAccessDesc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_StorageBinding;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 1;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = 0;  // No need to signal
     texture =
         wgpu::Texture::Acquire(externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
     ASSERT_EQ(texture.Get(), nullptr);
@@ -707,7 +819,7 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImageWithMultipleDevices) {
 
     // Create the Dawn texture then clear it to red using the first (default) device.
     WrapSharedHandle(&baseDawnDescriptor, &baseD3dDescriptor, &texture, &d3d11Texture,
-                     &externalImage);
+                     &externalImage, /*fenceSignalValue=*/1);
     const wgpu::Color solidRed{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
     ASSERT_NE(texture.Get(), nullptr);
     ClearImage(texture.Get(), solidRed, device);
@@ -718,8 +830,10 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImageWithMultipleDevices) {
     texture.Destroy();
 
     // Create the Dawn texture then clear it to blue using the second device.
-    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGIKeyedMutex externalAccessDesc;
+    dawn::native::d3d12::ExternalImageAccessDescriptorDXGISharedHandle externalAccessDesc;
     externalAccessDesc.usage = static_cast<WGPUTextureUsageFlags>(baseDawnDescriptor.usage);
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 1;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = 2;
 
     wgpu::Device otherDevice = wgpu::Device::Acquire(GetAdapter().CreateDevice());
 
@@ -734,6 +848,8 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImageWithMultipleDevices) {
 
     // Re-create the Dawn texture using the first (default) device.
     externalAccessDesc.isInitialized = true;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceWaitValue = 2;
+    externalAccessDesc.fenceSignalValue = 3;
     texture =
         wgpu::Texture::Acquire(externalImage->ProduceTexture(device.Get(), &externalAccessDesc));
     ASSERT_NE(texture.Get(), nullptr);
@@ -743,5 +859,9 @@ TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, ReuseExternalImageWithMultipleDevices) {
     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8(0, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF), texture.Get(), 0, 0);
 }
 
-DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(D3D12SharedHandleValidation, D3D12Backend());
+DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleValidation,
-DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests, D3D12Backend());
+                        {D3D12Backend()},
+                        {SyncMode::kKeyedMutex, SyncMode::kFence});
+DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST_P(D3D12SharedHandleUsageTests,
+                        {D3D12Backend()},
+                        {SyncMode::kKeyedMutex, SyncMode::kFence});