wgsl: Replace use of [[attribute]] with @attribute

Bug: tint:1382
Change-Id: I58ad2c88fde1e7c96f2ae8257e6df924b94b61db
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/77660
Reviewed-by: Corentin Wallez <cwallez@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Ben Clayton <bclayton@google.com>

examples/Animometer.cpp

@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ void init() {
             scalar : f32;
             scalarOffset : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> c : Constants;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> c : Constants;
 
         struct VertexOut {
-            [[location(0)]] v_color : vec4<f32>;
-            [[builtin(position)]] Position : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) v_color : vec4<f32>;
+            @builtin(position) Position : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
             var positions : array<vec4<f32>, 3> = array<vec4<f32>, 3>(
                 vec4<f32>( 0.0,  0.1, 0.0, 1.0),
                 vec4<f32>(-0.1, -0.1, 0.0, 1.0),
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ void init() {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main([[location(0)]] v_color : vec4<f32>)
-                                 -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main(@location(0) v_color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return v_color;
         })");
 

examples/CHelloTriangle.cpp

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ void init() {
     wgpuSwapChainConfigure(swapchain, swapChainFormat, WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment, 640, 480);
 
     const char* vs = R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-            [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32
-        ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(
+            @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32
+        ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>( 0.0,  0.5),
                 vec2<f32>(-0.5, -0.5),
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void init() {
     WGPUShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vs).Release();
 
     const char* fs = R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })";
     WGPUShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fs).Release();

examples/ComputeBoids.cpp

@@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ void initBuffers() {
 void initRender() {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct VertexIn {
-            [[location(0)]] a_particlePos : vec2<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] a_particleVel : vec2<f32>;
-            [[location(2)]] a_pos : vec2<f32>;
+            @location(0) a_particlePos : vec2<f32>;
+            @location(1) a_particleVel : vec2<f32>;
+            @location(2) a_pos : vec2<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main(input : VertexIn) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(input : VertexIn) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var angle : f32 = -atan2(input.a_particleVel.x, input.a_particleVel.y);
             var pos : vec2<f32> = vec2<f32>(
                 (input.a_pos.x * cos(angle)) - (input.a_pos.y * sin(angle)),
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ void initRender() {
     )");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
         }
     )");
@@ -164,13 +164,13 @@ void initSim() {
         struct Particles {
             particles : array<Particle>;
         };
-        [[binding(0), group(0)]] var<uniform> params : SimParams;
-        [[binding(1), group(0)]] var<storage, read> particlesA : Particles;
-        [[binding(2), group(0)]] var<storage, read_write> particlesB : Particles;
+        @binding(0), group(0) var<uniform> params : SimParams;
+        @binding(1), group(0) var<storage, read> particlesA : Particles;
+        @binding(2), group(0) var<storage, read_write> particlesB : Particles;
 
         // https://github.com/austinEng/Project6-Vulkan-Flocking/blob/master/data/shaders/computeparticles/particle.comp
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             var index : u32 = GlobalInvocationID.x;
             if (index >= params.particleCount) {
                 return;

examples/CppHelloTriangle.cpp

@@ -97,17 +97,17 @@ void init() {
     initTextures();
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>)
-                               -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>)
+                            -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return pos;
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>)
-                                 -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>)
+                              -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, FragCoord.xy / vec2<f32>(640.0, 480.0));
         })");
 

examples/ManualSwapChainTest.cpp

@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
     // The hacky pipeline to render a triangle.
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
     pipelineDesc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32)
-                               -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32)
+                            -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>( 0.0,  0.5),
                 vec2<f32>(-0.5, -0.5),
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
             return vec4<f32>(pos[VertexIndex], 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     pipelineDesc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     // BGRA shouldn't be hardcoded. Consider having a map[format -> pipeline].

src/dawn_native/ComputePassEncoder.cpp

@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                     data: array<u32>;
                 };
 
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniformParams: UniformParams;
-                [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> clientParams: IndirectParams;
-                [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, write> validatedParams: ValidatedParams;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniformParams: UniformParams;
+                @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> clientParams: IndirectParams;
+                @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, write> validatedParams: ValidatedParams;
 
-                [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]]
+                @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
                 fn main() {
                     for (var i = 0u; i < 3u; i = i + 1u) {
                         var numWorkgroups = clientParams.data[uniformParams.clientOffsetInU32 + i];
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                 // - Validate each indirect dispatch with a single dispatch to copy the indirect
                 //   buffer params into a scratch buffer if they're valid, and otherwise zero them
                 //   out.
-                // - Duplicate all the indirect dispatch parameters to support [[num_workgroups]] on
+                // - Duplicate all the indirect dispatch parameters to support @num_workgroups on
                 //   D3D12.
                 // - Directly return the original indirect dispatch buffer if we don't need any
                 //   transformations on it.

src/dawn_native/CopyTextureForBrowserHelper.cpp

@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                 gamma_decoding_for_dst_srgb_params: GammaTransferParams; // 144      4       32
             };
 
-            [[binding(0), group(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+            @binding(0) @group(0) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
             struct VertexOutputs {
-                [[location(0)]] texcoords : vec2<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) texcoords : vec2<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
             // Chromium uses unified equation to construct gamma decoding function
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                 return sign(v) * (pow(params.A * abs(v) + params.B, params.G) + params.E);
             }
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
+            @stage(vertex)
             fn vs_main(
-                [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32
+                @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32
             ) -> VertexOutputs {
                 var texcoord = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-0.5, 0.0),
@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                 return output;
             }
 
-            [[binding(1), group(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[binding(2), group(0)]] var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
+            @binding(1) @group(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @binding(2) @group(0) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
+            @stage(fragment)
             fn fs_main(
-                [[location(0)]] texcoord : vec2<f32>
-            ) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @location(0) texcoord : vec2<f32>
+            ) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 // Clamp the texcoord and discard the out-of-bound pixels.
                 var clampedTexcoord =
                     clamp(texcoord, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0), vec2<f32>(1.0, 1.0));

src/dawn_native/Device.cpp

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ namespace dawn::native {
         if (IsToggleEnabled(Toggle::UseDummyFragmentInVertexOnlyPipeline)) {
             // The empty fragment shader, used as a work around for vertex-only render pipeline
             constexpr char kEmptyFragmentShader[] = R"(
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn fs_empty_main() {}
+                @stage(fragment) fn fs_empty_main() {}
             )";
             ShaderModuleDescriptor descriptor;
             ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc;

src/dawn_native/IndirectDrawValidationEncoder.cpp

@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                 data: array<u32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> batch: BatchInfo;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> clientParams: IndirectParams;
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, write> validatedParams: IndirectParams;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> batch: BatchInfo;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> clientParams: IndirectParams;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, write> validatedParams: IndirectParams;
 
             fn fail(drawIndex: u32) {
                 let index = drawIndex * kNumIndirectParamsPerDrawCall;
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                     clientParams.data[cIndex + kFirstInstanceEntry];
             }
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(64, 1, 1)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] id : vec3<u32>) {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(64, 1, 1)
+            fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) id : vec3<u32>) {
                 if (id.x >= batch.numDraws) {
                     return;
                 }

src/dawn_native/QueryHelper.cpp

@@ -55,17 +55,15 @@ namespace dawn::native {
                 period : f32;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]]
-                var<storage, read_write> timestamps : TimestampArr;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]]
-                var<storage, read> availability : AvailabilityArr;
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<uniform> params : TimestampParams;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> timestamps : TimestampArr;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> availability : AvailabilityArr;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> params : TimestampParams;
 
 
             let sizeofTimestamp : u32 = 8u;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(8, 1, 1)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(8, 1, 1)
+            fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
                 if (GlobalInvocationID.x >= params.count) { return; }
 
                 var index = GlobalInvocationID.x + params.offset / sizeofTimestamp;

src/tests/DawnTest.cpp

@@ -1163,12 +1163,12 @@ std::ostringstream& DawnTestBase::ExpectSampledFloatDataImpl(wgpu::TextureView t
                                                              detail::Expectation* expectation) {
     std::ostringstream shaderSource;
     shaderSource << "let width : u32 = " << width << "u;\n";
-    shaderSource << "[[group(0), binding(0)]] var tex : " << wgslTextureType << ";\n";
+    shaderSource << "@group(0) @binding(0) var tex : " << wgslTextureType << ";\n";
     shaderSource << R"(
         struct Result {
             values : array<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> result : Result;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> result : Result;
     )";
     shaderSource << "let componentCount : u32 = " << componentCount << "u;\n";
     shaderSource << "let sampleCount : u32 = " << sampleCount << "u;\n";
@@ -1192,8 +1192,8 @@ std::ostringstream& DawnTestBase::ExpectSampledFloatDataImpl(wgpu::TextureView t
         }
     }
     shaderSource << R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main(
-            [[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationId : vec3<u32>
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main(
+            @builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationId : vec3<u32>
         ) {
             let baseOutIndex = GlobalInvocationId.y * width + GlobalInvocationId.x;
             for (var s = 0u; s < sampleCount; s = s + 1u) {
@@ -1336,8 +1336,8 @@ std::ostringstream& DawnTestBase::ExpectAttachmentDepthStencilTestData(
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
 
     pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 3.0, -1.0),
@@ -1349,15 +1349,15 @@ std::ostringstream& DawnTestBase::ExpectAttachmentDepthStencilTestData(
         // Sample the input texture and write out depth. |result| will only be set to 1 if we
         // pass the depth test.
         pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
 
             struct FragmentOut {
-                [[location(0)]] result : u32;
-                [[builtin(frag_depth)]] fragDepth : f32;
+                @location(0) result : u32;
+                @builtin(frag_depth) fragDepth : f32;
             };
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> FragmentOut {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> FragmentOut {
                 var output : FragmentOut;
                 output.result = 1u;
                 output.fragDepth = textureLoad(texture0, vec2<i32>(FragCoord.xy), 0)[0];
@@ -1365,8 +1365,8 @@ std::ostringstream& DawnTestBase::ExpectAttachmentDepthStencilTestData(
             })");
     } else {
         pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main() -> [[location(0)]] u32 {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main() -> @location(0) u32 {
                 return 1u;
             })");
     }

src/tests/end2end/BindGroupTests.cpp

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ class BindGroupTests : public DawnTest {
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule MakeSimpleVSModule() const {
         return utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
              var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 1.0, 1.0),
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ class BindGroupTests : public DawnTest {
 
             switch (bindingTypes[i]) {
                 case wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform:
-                    fs << "\n[[group(" << i << "), binding(0)]] var<uniform> buffer" << i
+                    fs << "\n@group(" << i << ") @binding(0) var<uniform> buffer" << i
                        << " : Buffer" << i << ";";
                     break;
                 case wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage:
-                    fs << "\n[[group(" << i << "), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> buffer" << i
+                    fs << "\n@group(" << i << ") @binding(0) var<storage, read> buffer" << i
                        << " : Buffer" << i << ";";
                     break;
                 default:
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class BindGroupTests : public DawnTest {
             }
         }
 
-        fs << "\n[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32>{\n";
+        fs << "\n@stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32>{\n";
         fs << "var fragColor : vec4<f32> = vec4<f32>();\n";
         for (size_t i = 0; i < bindingTypes.size(); ++i) {
             fs << "fragColor = fragColor + buffer" << i << ".color;\n";
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReusedBindGroupSingleSubmit) {
         struct Contents {
             f : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var <uniform> contents: Contents;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var <uniform> contents: Contents;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
           var f : f32 = contents.f;
         })");
 
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReusedUBO) {
             transform : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var <uniform> vertexUbo : VertexUniformBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var <uniform> vertexUbo : VertexUniformBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 1.0, 1.0),
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReusedUBO) {
         struct FragmentUniformBuffer {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var <uniform> fragmentUbo : FragmentUniformBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var <uniform> fragmentUbo : FragmentUniformBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return fragmentUbo.color;
         })");
 
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, UBOSamplerAndTexture) {
         struct VertexUniformBuffer {
             transform : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var <uniform> vertexUbo : VertexUniformBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var <uniform> vertexUbo : VertexUniformBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 1.0, 1.0),
@@ -259,11 +259,11 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, UBOSamplerAndTexture) {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var samp : sampler;
-        [[group(0), binding(2)]] var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var samp : sampler;
+        @group(0) @binding(2) var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return textureSample(tex, samp, FragCoord.xy);
         })");
 
@@ -349,11 +349,11 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, MultipleBindLayouts) {
             transform : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var <uniform> vertexUbo1 : VertexUniformBuffer;
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var <uniform> vertexUbo2 : VertexUniformBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var <uniform> vertexUbo1 : VertexUniformBuffer;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var <uniform> vertexUbo2 : VertexUniformBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 1.0, 1.0),
@@ -370,10 +370,10 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, MultipleBindLayouts) {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var <uniform> fragmentUbo1 : FragmentUniformBuffer;
-        [[group(1), binding(1)]] var <uniform> fragmentUbo2 : FragmentUniformBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var <uniform> fragmentUbo1 : FragmentUniformBuffer;
+        @group(1) @binding(1) var <uniform> fragmentUbo2 : FragmentUniformBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return fragmentUbo1.color + fragmentUbo2.color;
         })");
 
@@ -438,20 +438,20 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, MultipleEntryPointsWithMultipleNonZeroGroups) {
         struct Contents {
             f : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var <uniform> contents0: Contents;
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var <uniform> contents1: Contents;
-        [[group(2), binding(0)]] var <uniform> contents2: Contents;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var <uniform> contents0: Contents;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var <uniform> contents1: Contents;
+        @group(2) @binding(0) var <uniform> contents2: Contents;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main0() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main0() {
           var a : f32 = contents0.f;
         }
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main1() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main1() {
           var a : f32 = contents1.f;
           var b : f32 = contents2.f;
         }
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main2() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main2() {
           var a : f32 = contents0.f;
           var b : f32 = contents1.f;
           var c : f32 = contents2.f;
@@ -1043,12 +1043,12 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, DynamicOffsetOrder) {
             value : vec3<u32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<uniform> buffer2 : Buffer;
-        [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<storage, read> buffer3 : Buffer;
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> buffer0 : Buffer;
-        [[group(0), binding(4)]] var<storage, read_write> outputBuffer : OutputBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> buffer2 : Buffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read> buffer3 : Buffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> buffer0 : Buffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> outputBuffer : OutputBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             outputBuffer.value = vec3<u32>(buffer0.value, buffer2.value, buffer3.value);
         })");
     pipelineDescriptor.compute.entryPoint = "main";
@@ -1126,11 +1126,11 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, DynamicAndNonDynamicBindingsDoNotConflictAfterRemapping)
             value : vec2<u32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> buffer0 : Buffer;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> buffer1 : Buffer;
-        [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> outputBuffer : OutputBuffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> buffer0 : Buffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> buffer1 : Buffer;
+        @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> outputBuffer : OutputBuffer;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             outputBuffer.value = vec2<u32>(buffer0.value, buffer1.value);
         })");
         pipelineDescriptor.compute.entryPoint = "main";
@@ -1233,8 +1233,8 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ArbitraryBindingNumbers) {
     utils::BasicRenderPass renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 1.0, 1.0),
@@ -1248,11 +1248,11 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ArbitraryBindingNumbers) {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(953)]] var <uniform> ubo1 : Ubo;
-        [[group(0), binding(47)]] var <uniform> ubo2 : Ubo;
-        [[group(0), binding(111)]] var <uniform> ubo3 : Ubo;
+        @group(0) @binding(953) var <uniform> ubo1 : Ubo;
+        @group(0) @binding(47) var <uniform> ubo2 : Ubo;
+        @group(0) @binding(111) var <uniform> ubo3 : Ubo;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return ubo1.color + 2.0 * ubo2.color + 4.0 * ubo3.color;
         })");
 
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, EmptyLayout) {
     pipelineDesc.layout = utils::MakeBasicPipelineLayout(device, &bgl);
     pipelineDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
     pipelineDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ComputePipeline pipeline = device.CreateComputePipeline(&pipelineDesc);
@@ -1375,8 +1375,8 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReadonlyStorage) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
 
     pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( 1.0, 1.0),
@@ -1389,9 +1389,9 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReadonlyStorage) {
         struct Buffer0 {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> buffer0 : Buffer0;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> buffer0 : Buffer0;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return buffer0.color;
         })");
 
@@ -1471,12 +1471,12 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReallyLargeBindGroup) {
             wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Unorm, expectedValue, wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding);
         bgEntries.push_back({nullptr, binding, nullptr, 0, 0, nullptr, texture.CreateView()});
 
-        interface << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding++ << ")]] "
+        interface << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding++ << ") "
                   << "var tex" << i << " : texture_2d<f32>;\n";
 
         bgEntries.push_back({nullptr, binding, nullptr, 0, 0, device.CreateSampler(), nullptr});
 
-        interface << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding++ << ")]]"
+        interface << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding++ << ")"
                   << "var samp" << i << " : sampler;\n";
 
         body << "if (abs(textureSampleLevel(tex" << i << ", samp" << i
@@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReallyLargeBindGroup) {
             wgpu::TextureFormat::R32Uint, expectedValue, wgpu::TextureUsage::StorageBinding);
         bgEntries.push_back({nullptr, binding, nullptr, 0, 0, nullptr, texture.CreateView()});
 
-        interface << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding++ << ")]] "
+        interface << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding++ << ") "
                   << "var image" << i << " : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;\n";
 
         body << "_ = image" << i << ";";
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReallyLargeBindGroup) {
                 value : u32;
             };
         )";
-        interface << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding++ << ")]] "
+        interface << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding++ << ") "
                   << "var<uniform> ubuf" << i << " : UniformBuffer" << i << ";\n";
 
         body << "if (ubuf" << i << ".value != " << expectedValue++ << "u) {\n";
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReallyLargeBindGroup) {
                 value : u32;
             };
         )";
-        interface << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding++ << ")]] "
+        interface << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding++ << ") "
                   << "var<storage, read> sbuf" << i << " : ReadOnlyStorageBuffer" << i << ";\n";
 
         body << "if (sbuf" << i << ".value != " << expectedValue++ << "u) {\n";
@@ -1538,13 +1538,13 @@ TEST_P(BindGroupTests, ReallyLargeBindGroup) {
             value : u32;
         };
     )";
-    interface << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding++ << ")]] "
+    interface << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding++ << ") "
               << "var<storage, read_write> result : ReadWriteStorageBuffer;\n";
 
     body << "result.value = 1u;\n";
 
-    std::string shader = interface.str() + "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {\n" +
-                         body.str() + "}\n";
+    std::string shader =
+        interface.str() + "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {\n" + body.str() + "}\n";
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor cpDesc;
     cpDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, shader.c_str());
     cpDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

src/tests/end2end/BufferZeroInitTests.cpp

@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ class BufferZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vertexShader);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] i_color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) i_color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return i_color;
             })");
 
@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ class BufferZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
 
         wgpu::RenderPipeline renderPipeline = CreateRenderPipelineForTest(R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 if (all(pos == vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0))) {
                     output.color = vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -295,12 +295,12 @@ class BufferZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline renderPipeline =
             CreateRenderPipelineForTest(R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 if (VertexIndex == 0u) {
                     output.color = vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -345,11 +345,11 @@ class BufferZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline renderPipeline =
             CreateRenderPipelineForTest(R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 output.color = vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 output.position = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -386,11 +386,11 @@ class BufferZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline renderPipeline =
             CreateRenderPipelineForTest(R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 output.color = vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 output.position = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -429,9 +429,9 @@ class BufferZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
         // As long as the comptue shader is executed once, the pixel color of outImage will be set
         // to red.
         const char* computeShader = R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 textureStore(outImage, vec2<i32>(0, 0), vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
             })";
 
@@ -1000,10 +1000,10 @@ TEST_P(BufferZeroInitTest, BoundAsUniformBuffer) {
         struct UBO {
             value : vec4<u32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             if (all(ubo.value == vec4<u32>(0u, 0u, 0u, 0u))) {
                 textureStore(outImage, vec2<i32>(0, 0), vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
             } else {
@@ -1039,10 +1039,10 @@ TEST_P(BufferZeroInitTest, BoundAsReadonlyStorageBuffer) {
         struct SSBO {
             value : vec4<u32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> ssbo : SSBO;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             if (all(ssbo.value == vec4<u32>(0u, 0u, 0u, 0u))) {
                 textureStore(outImage, vec2<i32>(0, 0), vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
             } else {
@@ -1078,10 +1078,10 @@ TEST_P(BufferZeroInitTest, BoundAsStorageBuffer) {
         struct SSBO {
             value : array<vec4<u32>, 2>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var outImage : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             if (all(ssbo.value[0] == vec4<u32>(0u, 0u, 0u, 0u)) &&
                 all(ssbo.value[1] == vec4<u32>(0u, 0u, 0u, 0u))) {
                 textureStore(outImage, vec2<i32>(0, 0), vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ TEST_P(BufferZeroInitTest, SetVertexBuffer) {
 // draw call. A backend which implements robust buffer access via clamping should
 // still see zeros at the end of the buffer.
 TEST_P(BufferZeroInitTest, PaddingInitialized) {
-    DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsANGLE());  // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1084).
+    DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsANGLE());                              // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1084).
     DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsLinux() && IsVulkan() && IsNvidia());  // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1214).
 
     constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat kColorAttachmentFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm;
@@ -1150,11 +1150,11 @@ TEST_P(BufferZeroInitTest, PaddingInitialized) {
         wgpu::RenderPipeline renderPipeline =
             CreateRenderPipelineForTest(R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec2<f32>) -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(@location(0) pos : vec2<f32>) -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 if (all(pos == vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0))) {
                     output.color = vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);

src/tests/end2end/ClipSpaceTests.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ class ClipSpaceTest : public DawnTest {
         // 1. The depth value of the top-left one is >= 0.5
         // 2. The depth value of the bottom-right one is <= 0.5
         pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec3<f32>, 6>(
                     vec3<f32>(-1.0,  1.0, 1.0),
                     vec3<f32>(-1.0, -1.0, 0.5),
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class ClipSpaceTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/ColorStateTests.cpp

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class ColorStateTest : public DawnTest {
         DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsD3D12() && IsWARP());
 
         vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]]
-                fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex)
+                fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                         vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
                         vec2<f32>(3.0, -1.0),
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ class ColorStateTest : public DawnTest {
                     color : vec4<f32>;
                 };
 
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return myUbo.color;
                 }
             )");
@@ -798,16 +798,16 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, IndependentColorState) {
             color3 : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
 
         struct FragmentOut {
-            [[location(0)]] fragColor0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] fragColor1 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(2)]] fragColor2 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(3)]] fragColor3 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) fragColor0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) fragColor1 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(2) fragColor2 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(3) fragColor3 : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
             var output : FragmentOut;
             output.fragColor0 = myUbo.color0;
             output.fragColor1 = myUbo.color1;
@@ -919,9 +919,9 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, DefaultBlendColor) {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return myUbo.color;
         }
     )");
@@ -1045,9 +1045,9 @@ TEST_P(ColorStateTest, ColorWriteMaskDoesNotAffectRenderPassLoadOpClear) {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> myUbo : MyBlock;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return myUbo.color;
         }
     )");

src/tests/end2end/CompressedTextureFormatTests.cpp

@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ class CompressedTextureFormatTest : public DawnTestWithParams<CompressedTextureF
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2 <f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) texCoord : vec2 <f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-3.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 3.0,  1.0),
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ class CompressedTextureFormatTest : public DawnTestWithParams<CompressedTextureF
                 return output;
             })");
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord);
             })");
         renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;

src/tests/end2end/ComputeCopyStorageBufferTests.cpp

@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeCopyStorageBufferTests, SizedArrayOfBasic) {
             s : array<vec4<u32>, 4>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             let index : u32 = GlobalInvocationID.x;
             if (index >= 4u) { return; }
             dst.s[index] = src.s[index];
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeCopyStorageBufferTests, SizedArrayOfStruct) {
             s : array<S, 4>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             let index : u32 = GlobalInvocationID.x;
             if (index >= 4u) { return; }
             dst.s[index] = src.s[index];
@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeCopyStorageBufferTests, UnsizedArrayOfBasic) {
             s : array<vec4<u32>>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             let index : u32 = GlobalInvocationID.x;
             if (index >= 4u) { return; }
             dst.s[index] = src.s[index];

src/tests/end2end/ComputeDispatchTests.cpp

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ class ComputeDispatchTests : public DawnTest {
                 workGroups : vec3<u32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> output : OutputBuf;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> output : OutputBuf;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>,
-                    [[builtin(num_workgroups)]] dispatch : vec3<u32>) {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
+            fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>,
+                    @builtin(num_workgroups) dispatch : vec3<u32>) {
                 if (dispatch.x == 0u || dispatch.y == 0u || dispatch.z == 0u) {
                     output.workGroups = vec3<u32>(0xFFFFFFFFu, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 0xFFFFFFFFu);
                     return;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class ComputeDispatchTests : public DawnTest {
         csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
         pipeline = device.CreateComputePipeline(&csDesc);
 
-        // Test the use of the compute pipelines without using [[num_workgroups]]
+        // Test the use of the compute pipelines without using @num_workgroups
         wgpu::ShaderModule moduleWithoutNumWorkgroups = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct InputBuf {
                 expectedDispatch : vec3<u32>;
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ class ComputeDispatchTests : public DawnTest {
                 workGroups : vec3<u32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> input : InputBuf;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> output : OutputBuf;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> input : InputBuf;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> output : OutputBuf;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
+            fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
                 let dispatch : vec3<u32> = input.expectedDispatch;
 
                 if (dispatch.x == 0u || dispatch.y == 0u || dispatch.z == 0u) {
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ TEST_P(ComputeDispatchTests, IndirectBasic) {
     IndirectTest({2, 3, 4}, 0);
 }
 
-// Test basic indirect without using [[num_workgroups]]
+// Test basic indirect without using @num_workgroups
 TEST_P(ComputeDispatchTests, IndirectBasicWithoutNumWorkgroups) {
     IndirectTest({2, 3, 4}, 0, false);
 }
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ TEST_P(ComputeDispatchTests, IndirectOffset) {
     IndirectTest({0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 4}, 3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
 }
 
-// Test indirect with buffer offset without using [[num_workgroups]]
+// Test indirect with buffer offset without using @num_workgroups
 TEST_P(ComputeDispatchTests, IndirectOffsetWithoutNumWorkgroups) {
     IndirectTest({0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 4}, 3 * sizeof(uint32_t), false);
 }

src/tests/end2end/ComputeLayoutMemoryBufferTests.cpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace {
 
     // Align returns the WGSL decoration for an explicit structure field alignment
     std::string AlignDeco(uint32_t value) {
-        return "[[align(" + std::to_string(value) + ")]] ";
+        return "@align(" + std::to_string(value) + ") ";
     }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, StorageClass storageClass) {
 }
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, Field field) {
-    o << "[[align(" << field.align << "), size("
-      << (field.padded_size > 0 ? field.padded_size : field.size) << ")]] " << field.type;
+    o << "@align(" << field.align << ") @size("
+      << (field.padded_size > 0 ? field.padded_size : field.size) << ") " << field.type;
     return o;
 }
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ TEST_P(ComputeLayoutMemoryBufferTests, Fields) {
     std::string shader = R"(
 struct Data {
     header : u32;
-    [[align({field_align}), size({field_size})]] field : {field_type};
+    @align({field_align}) @size({field_size}) field : {field_type};
     footer : u32;
 };
 
@@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ struct Status {
     code : u32;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<{input_qualifiers}> input : Input;
-[[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> output : Output;
-[[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> status : Status;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<{input_qualifiers}> input : Input;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> output : Output;
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> status : Status;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1,1,1)]]
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1,1,1)
 fn main() {
     if (input.header != {input_header_code}u) {
         status.code = {status_bad_input_header}u;
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ fn main() {
             PushU32(kDataFooterCode);                    // Input.data.footer
             AlignTo(field.align, kDataSizePaddingCode);  // Input.data padding
         }
-        AlignTo(footerAlign, kInputFooterAlignPaddingCode);  // Input.footer [[align]]
+        AlignTo(footerAlign, kInputFooterAlignPaddingCode);  // Input.footer @align
         PushU32(kInputFooterCode);                           // Input.footer
         AlignTo(256, kInputTailPaddingCode);                 // Input padding
     }
@@ -451,20 +451,20 @@ namespace {
                 Field{"array<u32, 2>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 8}.StorageBufferOnly(),
                 Field{"array<u32, 3>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 12}.StorageBufferOnly(),
                 Field{"array<u32, 4>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 16}.StorageBufferOnly(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 1>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 16}
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 1>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 16}
                     .StorageBufferOnly()
                     .Strided<4, 12>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 2>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 32}
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 2>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 32}
                     .StorageBufferOnly()
                     .Strided<4, 12>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 3>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 48}
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 3>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 48}
                     .StorageBufferOnly()
                     .Strided<4, 12>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 4>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 64}
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 4>", /* align */ 4, /* size */ 64}
                     .StorageBufferOnly()
                     .Strided<4, 12>(),
                 Field{"array<vec3<u32>, 4>", /* align */ 16, /* size */ 64}.Strided<12, 4>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(32)]] array<vec3<u32>, 4>", /* align */ 16, /* size */ 128}
+                Field{"@stride(32) array<vec3<u32>, 4>", /* align */ 16, /* size */ 128}
                     .Strided<12, 20>(),
 
                 // Array types with custom alignment
@@ -472,14 +472,10 @@ namespace {
                 Field{"array<u32, 2>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 8}.StorageBufferOnly(),
                 Field{"array<u32, 3>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 12}.StorageBufferOnly(),
                 Field{"array<u32, 4>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 16}.StorageBufferOnly(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 1>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 16}
-                    .Strided<4, 12>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 2>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 32}
-                    .Strided<4, 12>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 3>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 48}
-                    .Strided<4, 12>(),
-                Field{"[[stride(16)]] array<u32, 4>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 64}
-                    .Strided<4, 12>(),
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 1>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 16}.Strided<4, 12>(),
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 2>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 32}.Strided<4, 12>(),
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 3>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 48}.Strided<4, 12>(),
+                Field{"@stride(16) array<u32, 4>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 64}.Strided<4, 12>(),
                 Field{"array<vec3<u32>, 4>", /* align */ 32, /* size */ 64}.Strided<12, 4>(),
 
                 // Array types with custom size

src/tests/end2end/ComputeSharedMemoryTests.cpp

@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeSharedMemoryTests, Basic) {
             x : u32;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, write> dst : Dst;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, write> dst : Dst;
         var<workgroup> tmp : u32;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(4,4,1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(local_invocation_id)]] LocalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(4,4,1)
+        fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_id) LocalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             let index : u32 = LocalInvocationID.y * kTileSize + LocalInvocationID.x;
             if (index == 0u) {
                 tmp = 0u;
@@ -117,15 +117,15 @@ TEST_P(ComputeSharedMemoryTests, AssortedTypes) {
             d_vector : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, write> dst : Dst;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, write> dst : Dst;
 
         var<workgroup> wg_struct : StructValues;
         var<workgroup> wg_matrix : mat2x2<f32>;
         var<workgroup> wg_array : array<u32, 4>;
         var<workgroup> wg_vector : vec4<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(4,1,1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(local_invocation_id)]] LocalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(4,1,1)
+        fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_id) LocalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
 
             let i = 4u * LocalInvocationID.x;
             if (LocalInvocationID.x == 0u) {

src/tests/end2end/ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests.cpp

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, AddIncrement) {
             data : array<u32, 100>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             buf.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] = buf.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] + 0x1234u;
         }
     )");
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, AddPingPong) {
             data : array<u32, 100>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             dst.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] = src.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] + 0x1234u;
         }
     )");
@@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, StorageAndReadonlyStoragePingPongInOneP
             data : array<u32, 100>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             dst.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] = src.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] + 0x1234u;
         }
     )");
@@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, UniformToStorageAddPingPong) {
             data : array<vec4<u32>, 25>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             dst.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] = src.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] +
                 vec4<u32>(0x1234u, 0x1234u, 0x1234u, 0x1234u);
         }
@@ -288,11 +288,11 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, UniformToStorageAddPingPongInOnePass) {
             data : array<vec4<u32>, 25>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> src : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> src : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1)
+        fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
             dst.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] = src.data[GlobalInvocationID.x] +
                 vec4<u32>(0x1234u, 0x1234u, 0x1234u, 0x1234u);
         }
@@ -345,9 +345,9 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, IndirectBufferCorrectBarrier) {
         struct Buf {
             data : array<u32, 3>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             buf.data = array<u32, 3>(1u, 1u, 1u);
         }
     )");
@@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ TEST_P(ComputeStorageBufferBarrierTests, IndirectBufferCorrectBarrier) {
         struct Buf {
             data : array<u32, 3>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> buf : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> buf : Buf;
 
         struct Result {
             data : u32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> result : Result;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> result : Result;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             result.data = 2u;
             if (buf.data[0] == 1u && buf.data[1] == 1u && buf.data[2] == 1u) {
                 result.data = 1u;

src/tests/end2end/CopyTextureForBrowserTests.cpp

@@ -258,16 +258,16 @@ class CopyTextureForBrowserTests : public Parent {
             struct OutputBuf {
                 result : array<u32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var src : texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var dst : texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> output : OutputBuf;
-            [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var src : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var dst : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> output : OutputBuf;
+            @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
             fn aboutEqual(value : f32, expect : f32) -> bool {
                 // The value diff should be smaller than the hard coded tolerance.
                 return abs(value - expect) < 0.01;
             }
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
+            fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) GlobalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
                 let srcSize = textureDimensions(src);
                 let dstSize = textureDimensions(dst);
                 let dstTexCoord = vec2<u32>(GlobalInvocationID.xy);

src/tests/end2end/CreatePipelineAsyncTests.cpp

@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, BasicUseOfCreateComputePipelineAsync) {
         struct SSBO {
             value : u32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             ssbo.value = 1u;
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, ReleaseEntryPointAfterCreatComputePipelineAsync)
         struct SSBO {
             value : u32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             ssbo.value = 1u;
         })");
 
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateComputePipelineFailed) {
         struct SSBO {
             value : u32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             ssbo.value = 1u;
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main0";
@@ -239,11 +239,11 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, BasicUseOfCreateRenderPipelineAsync) {
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -263,11 +263,11 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, ReleaseEntryPointsAfterCreateRenderPipelineAsync
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineFailed) {
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineFailed) {
 TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, ReleaseDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateComputePipelineAsync) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor csDesc;
     csDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
 
@@ -390,11 +390,11 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, ReleaseDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateComputePipeli
 TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, ReleaseDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateRenderPipelineAsync) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, ReleaseDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateRenderPipelin
 TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, DestroyDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateComputePipelineAsync) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor csDesc;
     csDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
 
@@ -448,11 +448,11 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, DestroyDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateComputePipeli
 TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, DestroyDeviceBeforeCallbackOfCreateRenderPipelineAsync) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -485,9 +485,9 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateSameComputePipelineTwice) {
         struct SSBO {
             value : u32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             ssbo.value = 1u;
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
@@ -544,9 +544,9 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateSameComputePipelineTwiceAtSameTime) {
         struct SSBO {
             value : u32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : SSBO;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             ssbo.value = 1u;
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
@@ -583,11 +583,11 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateSameRenderPipelineTwiceAtSameTime) {
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -635,16 +635,16 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineAsyncWithVertexBufferLayouts
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
         renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct VertexInput {
-            [[location(0)]] input0: u32;
-            [[location(1)]] input1: u32;
+            @location(0) input0: u32;
+            @location(1) input1: u32;
         };
 
         struct VertexOutput {
-            [[location(0)]] vertexColorOut: vec4<f32>;
-            [[builtin(position)]] position: vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) vertexColorOut: vec4<f32>;
+            @builtin(position) position: vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
+        @stage(vertex)
         fn main(vertexInput : VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
             var vertexOutput : VertexOutput;
             vertexOutput.position = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -656,8 +656,8 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineAsyncWithVertexBufferLayouts
             return vertexOutput;
         })");
         renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main([[location(0)]] fragColorIn : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main(@location(0) fragColorIn : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return fragColorIn;
         })");
 
@@ -736,13 +736,13 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineAsyncWithDepthStencilState)
     {
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
         renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
         renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
@@ -808,13 +808,13 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineWithMultisampleState) {
     {
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
         renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
         renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
@@ -880,17 +880,17 @@ TEST_P(CreatePipelineAsyncTest, CreateRenderPipelineAsyncWithBlendState) {
     {
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDescriptor;
         renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
         renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
          struct FragmentOut {
-            [[location(0)]] fragColor0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] fragColor1 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) fragColor0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) fragColor1 : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
             var output : FragmentOut;
             output.fragColor0 = vec4<f32>(0.4, 0.0, 0.0, 0.4);
             output.fragColor1 = vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);

src/tests/end2end/CullingTests.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ class CullingTest : public DawnTest {
         // 1. The top-left one is counterclockwise (CCW)
         // 2. The bottom-right one is clockwise (CW)
         pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  0.0),
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ class CullingTest : public DawnTest {
         // RGBA8 format for the back buffer. So (FragCoord.xy - vec2(0.5)) / 255 in shader code
         // will make the pixel's R and G channels exactly equal to the pixel's x and y coordinates.
         pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(
                     (FragCoord.xy - vec2<f32>(0.5, 0.5)) / vec2<f32>(255.0, 255.0),
                     0.0, 1.0);

src/tests/end2end/D3D12CachingTests.cpp

@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12CachingTests, SameShaderNoCache) {
     mPersistentCache.mIsDisabled = true;
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex_main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex_main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragment_main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn fragment_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
           return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
     )");
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12CachingTests, SameShaderNoCache) {
 // entrypoints)
 TEST_P(D3D12CachingTests, ReuseShaderWithMultipleEntryPointsPerStage) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex_main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex_main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragment_main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn fragment_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
           return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
     )");
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12CachingTests, ReuseShaderWithMultipleEntryPointsPerStage) {
 
     // Modify the WGSL shader functions and make sure it doesn't hit.
     wgpu::ShaderModule newModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-      [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex_main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+      @stage(vertex) fn vertex_main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
           return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
       }
 
-      [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragment_main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+      @stage(fragment) fn fragment_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
       }
   )");
@@ -211,13 +211,13 @@ TEST_P(D3D12CachingTests, ReuseShaderWithMultipleEntryPoints) {
         struct Data {
             data : u32;
         };
-        [[binding(0), group(0)]] var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
+        @binding(0) @group(0) var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn write1() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn write1() {
             data.data = 1u;
         }
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn write42() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn write42() {
             data.data = 42u;
         }
     )");

src/tests/end2end/DepthBiasTests.cpp

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ class DepthBiasTests : public DawnTest {
             case QuadAngle::Flat:
                 // Draw a square at z = 0.25
                 vertexSource = R"(
-    [[stage(vertex)]]
-    fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+    @stage(vertex)
+    fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
         var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
             vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
             vec2<f32>( 1.0, -1.0),
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ class DepthBiasTests : public DawnTest {
             case QuadAngle::TiltedX:
                 // Draw a square ranging from 0 to 0.5, bottom to top
                 vertexSource = R"(
-    [[stage(vertex)]]
-    fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+    @stage(vertex)
+    fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
         var pos = array<vec3<f32>, 6>(
             vec3<f32>(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0),
             vec3<f32>( 1.0, -1.0, 0.0),
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class DepthBiasTests : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vertexModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vertexSource);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fragmentModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-    [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+    @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
         return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
     })");
 

src/tests/end2end/DepthStencilCopyTests.cpp

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ class DepthStencilCopyTests : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilCopyTestPara
 
         // Draw a square in the bottom left quarter of the screen.
         mVertexModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 0.0, -1.0),
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class DepthStencilCopyTests : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilCopyTestPara
         desc->vertex.module = mVertexModule;
 
         std::string fsSource = R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(frag_depth)]] f32 {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @builtin(frag_depth) f32 {
             return )" + std::to_string(regionDepth) +
                                ";\n}";
 
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ TEST_P(StencilCopyTests, ToStencilAspect) {
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDesc;
         renderPipelineDesc.vertex.module = mVertexModule;
         renderPipelineDesc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             })");
         wgpu::DepthStencilState* depthStencil =
             renderPipelineDesc.EnableDepthStencil(GetParam().mTextureFormat);

src/tests/end2end/DepthStencilSamplingTests.cpp

@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
         for (TestAspect aspect : aspects) {
             switch (aspect) {
                 case TestAspect::Depth:
-                    shaderSource << "[[group(0), binding(" << 2 * index << ")]] var tex" << index
+                    shaderSource << "@group(0) @binding(" << 2 * index << ") var tex" << index
                                  << " : texture_depth_2d;\n";
 
-                    shaderSource << "[[group(0), binding(" << 2 * index + 1
-                                 << ")]] var<storage, read_write> result" << index
+                    shaderSource << "@group(0) @binding(" << 2 * index + 1
+                                 << ") var<storage, read_write> result" << index
                                  << " : DepthResult;\n";
 
                     ASSERT(components.size() == 1 && components[0] == 0);
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
                                << ", vec2<i32>(0, 0), 0);";
                     break;
                 case TestAspect::Stencil:
-                    shaderSource << "[[group(0), binding(" << 2 * index << ")]] var tex" << index
+                    shaderSource << "@group(0) @binding(" << 2 * index << ") var tex" << index
                                  << " : texture_2d<u32>;\n";
 
-                    shaderSource << "[[group(0), binding(" << 2 * index + 1
-                                 << ")]] var<storage, read_write> result" << index
+                    shaderSource << "@group(0) @binding(" << 2 * index + 1
+                                 << ") var<storage, read_write> result" << index
                                  << " : StencilResult;\n";
 
                     shaderBody << "var texel = textureLoad(tex" << index
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateSamplingRenderPipeline(std::vector<TestAspect> aspects,
                                                       std::vector<uint32_t> components) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
 
         GenerateSamplingShader(aspects, components, shaderSource, shaderBody);
 
-        shaderSource << "[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {\n";
+        shaderSource << "@stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {\n";
         shaderSource << shaderBody.str() << "return vec4<f32>();\n }";
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, shaderSource.str().c_str());
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
         std::ostringstream shaderBody;
         GenerateSamplingShader(aspects, components, shaderSource, shaderBody);
 
-        shaderSource << "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() { " << shaderBody.str()
+        shaderSource << "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() { " << shaderBody.str()
                      << "\n}";
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule csModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, shaderSource.str().c_str());
@@ -187,19 +187,19 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
 
     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateComparisonRenderPipeline() {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var samp : sampler_comparison;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var tex : texture_depth_2d;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var samp : sampler_comparison;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var tex : texture_depth_2d;
             struct Uniforms {
                 compareRef : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] f32 {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) f32 {
                 return textureSampleCompare(tex, samp, vec2<f32>(0.5, 0.5), uniforms.compareRef);
             })");
 
@@ -214,19 +214,19 @@ class DepthStencilSamplingTest : public DawnTestWithParams<DepthStencilSamplingT
 
     wgpu::ComputePipeline CreateComparisonComputePipeline() {
         wgpu::ShaderModule csModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var samp : sampler_comparison;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var tex : texture_depth_2d;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var samp : sampler_comparison;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var tex : texture_depth_2d;
             struct Uniforms {
                 compareRef : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
             struct SamplerResult {
                 value : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<storage, read_write> samplerResult : SamplerResult;
+            @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> samplerResult : SamplerResult;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 samplerResult.value = textureSampleCompare(tex, samp, vec2<f32>(0.5, 0.5), uniforms.compareRef);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/DepthStencilStateTests.cpp

@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ class DepthStencilStateTest : public DawnTest {
                 color : vec3<f32>;
                 depth : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                         vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                         vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ class DepthStencilStateTest : public DawnTest {
                 color : vec3<f32>;
                 depth : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(ubo.color, 1.0);
             })");
     }

src/tests/end2end/DestroyTests.cpp

@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ class DestroyTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-              [[stage(vertex)]]
-              fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+              @stage(vertex)
+              fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                   return pos;
               })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-              [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+              @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                   return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
               })");
 

src/tests/end2end/DeviceLostTests.cpp

@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ TEST_P(DeviceLostTest, GetBindGroupLayoutFails) {
         struct UniformBuffer {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : UniformBuffer;
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : UniformBuffer;
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor descriptor;
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ TEST_P(DeviceLostTest, CreateShaderModuleFails) {
     LoseForTesting();
 
     ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main(@location(0) color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return color;
         })"));
 }
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ TEST_P(DeviceLostTest, DeviceLostDoesntCallUncapturedError) {
 // before the callback of Create*PipelineAsync() is called.
 TEST_P(DeviceLostTest, DeviceLostBeforeCreatePipelineAsyncCallback) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule csModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor descriptor;

src/tests/end2end/DrawIndexedIndirectTests.cpp

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ class DrawIndexedIndirectTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ TEST_P(DrawIndexedIndirectTest, BaseVertex) {
     DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(IsOpenGL());
     DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(IsOpenGLES());
 
-    // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/966): Fails on Metal Intel, likely because [[builtin(vertex_index)]]
+    // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/966): Fails on Metal Intel, likely because @builtin(vertex_index)
     // doesn't take into account BaseVertex, which breaks programmable vertex pulling.
     DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsMetal() && IsIntel());
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ TEST_P(DrawIndexedIndirectTest, IndirectOffset) {
     // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/789): Test is failing after a roll on SwANGLE on Windows only.
     DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsANGLE() && IsWindows());
 
-    // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/966): Fails on Metal Intel, likely because [[builtin(vertex_index)]]
+    // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/966): Fails on Metal Intel, likely because @builtin(vertex_index)
     // doesn't take into account BaseVertex, which breaks programmable vertex pulling.
     DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsMetal() && IsIntel());
 
@@ -601,9 +601,9 @@ TEST_P(DrawIndexedIndirectTest, ValidateReusedBundleWithChangingParams) {
                 instanceCount: u32;
                 firstIndex: u32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> input: Input;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, write> params: Params;
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> input: Input;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, write> params: Params;
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 params.indexCount = 3u;
                 params.instanceCount = 1u;
                 params.firstIndex = input.firstIndex;

src/tests/end2end/DrawIndexedTests.cpp

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ class DrawIndexedTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/DrawIndirectTests.cpp

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ class DrawIndirectTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/DrawTests.cpp

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ class DrawTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/DynamicBufferOffsetTests.cpp

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class DynamicBufferOffsetTests : public DawnTest {
 
     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateRenderPipeline(bool isInheritedPipeline = false) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, 0.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
@@ -119,21 +119,21 @@ class DynamicBufferOffsetTests : public DawnTest {
                 value : vec2<u32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> sBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
-            [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : Buf;
-            [[group(0), binding(4)]] var<storage, read_write> sBuffer : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> sBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> uBuffer : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sBuffer : Buf;
         )";
 
         if (isInheritedPipeline) {
             fs << R"(
-                [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> paddingBlock : Buf;
+                @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> paddingBlock : Buf;
             )";
         }
 
         fs << "let multipleNumber : u32 = " << multipleNumber << "u;\n";
         fs << R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 sBufferNotDynamic.value = uBufferNotDynamic.value.xy;
                 sBuffer.value = vec2<u32>(multipleNumber, multipleNumber) * (uBuffer.value.xy + uBufferNotDynamic.value.xy);
                 return vec4<f32>(f32(uBuffer.value.x) / 255.0, f32(uBuffer.value.y) / 255.0,
@@ -169,21 +169,21 @@ class DynamicBufferOffsetTests : public DawnTest {
                 value : vec2<u32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> sBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
-            [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : Buf;
-            [[group(0), binding(4)]] var<storage, read_write> sBuffer : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> sBufferNotDynamic : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> uBuffer : Buf;
+            @group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sBuffer : Buf;
         )";
 
         if (isInheritedPipeline) {
             cs << R"(
-                [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> paddingBlock : Buf;
+                @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> paddingBlock : Buf;
             )";
         }
 
         cs << "let multipleNumber : u32 = " << multipleNumber << "u;\n";
         cs << R"(
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 sBufferNotDynamic.value = uBufferNotDynamic.value.xy;
                 sBuffer.value = vec2<u32>(multipleNumber, multipleNumber) * (uBuffer.value.xy + uBufferNotDynamic.value.xy);
             }
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ TEST_P(ClampedOOBDynamicBufferOffsetTests, CheckOOBAccess) {
                     struct Src {
                         values : array<vec4<u32>, kArrayLength>;
                     };
-                    [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> src : Src;
+                    @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> src : Src;
                 )";
                 break;
             case wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage:
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ TEST_P(ClampedOOBDynamicBufferOffsetTests, CheckOOBAccess) {
                     struct Src {
                         values : array<vec4<u32>>;
                     };
-                    [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> src : Src;
+                    @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> src : Src;
                 )";
                 break;
             default:
@@ -475,10 +475,10 @@ TEST_P(ClampedOOBDynamicBufferOffsetTests, CheckOOBAccess) {
             struct Dst {
                 values : array<vec4<u32>>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Dst;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> dst : Dst;
         )";
         shader << R"(
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < kArrayLength; i = i + 1u) {
                     dst.values[i + kWriteOffset] = src.values[i + kReadOffset];
                 }

src/tests/end2end/EntryPointTests.cpp

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ TEST_P(EntryPointTests, FragAndVertexSameModule) {
     // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/658): Crashes on bots
     DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsOpenGL() || IsOpenGLES());
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex_main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex_main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragment_main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn fragment_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
           return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
     )");
@@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ TEST_P(EntryPointTests, TwoComputeInModule) {
         struct Data {
             data : u32;
         };
-        [[binding(0), group(0)]] var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
+        @binding(0) @group(0) var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn write1() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn write1() {
             data.data = 1u;
             return;
         }
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn write42() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn write42() {
             data.data = 42u;
             return;
         }

src/tests/end2end/ExternalTextureTests.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ TEST_P(ExternalTextureTests, CreateExternalTextureSuccess) {
 
 TEST_P(ExternalTextureTests, SampleExternalTexture) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var positions : array<vec4<f32>, 3> = array<vec4<f32>, 3>(
                 vec4<f32>(-1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0),
                 vec4<f32>(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0),
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ TEST_P(ExternalTextureTests, SampleExternalTexture) {
         })");
 
     const wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var s : sampler;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var t : texture_external;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var s : sampler;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var t : texture_external;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>)
-                                 -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>)
+                                 -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return textureSampleLevel(t, s, FragCoord.xy / vec2<f32>(4.0, 4.0));
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/FirstIndexOffsetTests.cpp

@@ -92,23 +92,23 @@ void FirstIndexOffsetTests::TestImpl(DrawMode mode,
     std::stringstream fragmentInputs;
     std::stringstream fragmentBody;
 
-    vertexInputs << "  [[location(0)]] position : vec4<f32>;\n";
-    vertexOutputs << "  [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;\n";
+    vertexInputs << "  @location(0) position : vec4<f32>;\n";
+    vertexOutputs << "  @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;\n";
 
     if ((checkIndex & CheckIndex::Vertex) != 0) {
-        vertexInputs << "  [[builtin(vertex_index)]] vertex_index : u32;\n";
-        vertexOutputs << "  [[location(1), interpolate(flat)]] vertex_index : u32;\n";
+        vertexInputs << "  @builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index : u32;\n";
+        vertexOutputs << "  @location(1) @interpolate(flat) vertex_index : u32;\n";
         vertexBody << "  output.vertex_index = input.vertex_index;\n";
 
-        fragmentInputs << "  [[location(1), interpolate(flat)]] vertex_index : u32;\n";
+        fragmentInputs << "  @location(1) @interpolate(flat) vertex_index : u32;\n";
         fragmentBody << "  _ = atomicMin(&idx_vals.vertex_index, input.vertex_index);\n";
     }
     if ((checkIndex & CheckIndex::Instance) != 0) {
-        vertexInputs << "  [[builtin(instance_index)]] instance_index : u32;\n";
-        vertexOutputs << "  [[location(2), interpolate(flat)]] instance_index : u32;\n";
+        vertexInputs << "  @builtin(instance_index) instance_index : u32;\n";
+        vertexOutputs << "  @location(2) @interpolate(flat) instance_index : u32;\n";
         vertexBody << "  output.instance_index = input.instance_index;\n";
 
-        fragmentInputs << "  [[location(2), interpolate(flat)]] instance_index : u32;\n";
+        fragmentInputs << "  @location(2) @interpolate(flat) instance_index : u32;\n";
         fragmentBody << "  _ = atomicMin(&idx_vals.instance_index, input.instance_index);\n";
     }
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ struct VertexInputs {
 struct VertexOutputs {
 )" + vertexOutputs.str() + R"(
 };
-[[stage(vertex)]] fn main(input : VertexInputs) -> VertexOutputs {
+@stage(vertex) fn main(input : VertexInputs) -> VertexOutputs {
   var output : VertexOutputs;
 )" + vertexBody.str() + R"(
   output.position = input.position;
@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ struct IndexVals {
   vertex_index : atomic<u32>;
   instance_index : atomic<u32>;
 };
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> idx_vals : IndexVals;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> idx_vals : IndexVals;
 
 struct FragInputs {
 )" + fragmentInputs.str() + R"(
 };
-[[stage(fragment)]] fn main(input : FragInputs) {
+@stage(fragment) fn main(input : FragInputs) {
 )" + fragmentBody.str() + R"(
 })";
 
@@ -165,31 +165,37 @@ struct FragInputs {
     wgpu::Buffer indices =
         utils::CreateBufferFromData<uint32_t>(device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Index, {0});
 
-    const uint32_t bufferInitialVertex = checkIndex & CheckIndex::Vertex ? std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() : 0;
-    const uint32_t bufferInitialInstance = checkIndex & CheckIndex::Instance ? std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() : 0;
-    wgpu::Buffer buffer = utils::CreateBufferFromData(
-        device, wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage, {bufferInitialVertex, bufferInitialInstance});
+    const uint32_t bufferInitialVertex =
+        checkIndex & CheckIndex::Vertex ? std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() : 0;
+    const uint32_t bufferInitialInstance =
+        checkIndex & CheckIndex::Instance ? std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() : 0;
+    wgpu::Buffer buffer =
+        utils::CreateBufferFromData(device, wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage,
+                                    {bufferInitialVertex, bufferInitialInstance});
 
     wgpu::Buffer indirectBuffer;
     switch (mode) {
-    case DrawMode::NonIndexed:
-    case DrawMode::Indexed:
-        break;
-    case DrawMode::NonIndexedIndirect:
-        // With DrawIndirect firstInstance is reserved and must be 0 according to spec.
-        ASSERT_EQ(firstInstance, 0u);
-        indirectBuffer = utils::CreateBufferFromData<uint32_t>(device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Indirect, {1, 1, firstVertex, firstInstance});
-        break;
-    case DrawMode::IndexedIndirect:
-        // With DrawIndexedIndirect firstInstance is reserved and must be 0 according to spec.
-        ASSERT_EQ(firstInstance, 0u);
-        indirectBuffer = utils::CreateBufferFromData<uint32_t>(device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Indirect, {1, 1, 0, firstVertex, firstInstance});
-        break;
-    default:
-        FAIL();
+        case DrawMode::NonIndexed:
+        case DrawMode::Indexed:
+            break;
+        case DrawMode::NonIndexedIndirect:
+            // With DrawIndirect firstInstance is reserved and must be 0 according to spec.
+            ASSERT_EQ(firstInstance, 0u);
+            indirectBuffer = utils::CreateBufferFromData<uint32_t>(
+                device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Indirect, {1, 1, firstVertex, firstInstance});
+            break;
+        case DrawMode::IndexedIndirect:
+            // With DrawIndexedIndirect firstInstance is reserved and must be 0 according to spec.
+            ASSERT_EQ(firstInstance, 0u);
+            indirectBuffer = utils::CreateBufferFromData<uint32_t>(
+                device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Indirect, {1, 1, 0, firstVertex, firstInstance});
+            break;
+        default:
+            FAIL();
     }
 
-    wgpu::BindGroup bindGroup = utils::MakeBindGroup(device, pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0), {{0, buffer}});
+    wgpu::BindGroup bindGroup =
+        utils::MakeBindGroup(device, pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0), {{0, buffer}});
 
     wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();
     wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPass.renderPassInfo);
@@ -200,22 +206,22 @@ struct FragInputs {
     // We should only see the values from the second draw.
     pass.Draw(1, 1, firstVertex + 1, firstInstance + 1);
     switch (mode) {
-    case DrawMode::NonIndexed:
-        pass.Draw(1, 1, firstVertex, firstInstance);
-        break;
-    case DrawMode::Indexed:
-        pass.SetIndexBuffer(indices, wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
-        pass.DrawIndexed(1, 1, 0, firstVertex, firstInstance);
-        break;
-    case DrawMode::NonIndexedIndirect:
-        pass.DrawIndirect(indirectBuffer, 0);
-        break;
-    case DrawMode::IndexedIndirect:
-        pass.SetIndexBuffer(indices, wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
-        pass.DrawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, 0);
-        break;
-    default:
-        FAIL();
+        case DrawMode::NonIndexed:
+            pass.Draw(1, 1, firstVertex, firstInstance);
+            break;
+        case DrawMode::Indexed:
+            pass.SetIndexBuffer(indices, wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
+            pass.DrawIndexed(1, 1, 0, firstVertex, firstInstance);
+            break;
+        case DrawMode::NonIndexedIndirect:
+            pass.DrawIndirect(indirectBuffer, 0);
+            break;
+        case DrawMode::IndexedIndirect:
+            pass.SetIndexBuffer(indices, wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
+            pass.DrawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, 0);
+            break;
+        default:
+            FAIL();
     }
     pass.EndPass();
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();

src/tests/end2end/GpuMemorySynchronizationTests.cpp

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class GpuMemorySyncTests : public DawnTest {
             struct Data {
                 a : i32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 data.a = data.a + 1;
             })");
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class GpuMemorySyncTests : public DawnTest {
         const wgpu::Buffer& buffer,
         wgpu::TextureFormat colorFormat) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ class GpuMemorySyncTests : public DawnTest {
             struct Data {
                 i : i32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 data.i = data.i + 1;
                 return vec4<f32>(f32(data.i) / 255.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ class StorageToUniformSyncTests : public DawnTest {
             struct Data {
                 a : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> data : Data;
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 data.a = 1.0;
             })");
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class StorageToUniformSyncTests : public DawnTest {
     std::tuple<wgpu::RenderPipeline, wgpu::BindGroup> CreatePipelineAndBindGroupForRender(
         wgpu::TextureFormat colorFormat) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ class StorageToUniformSyncTests : public DawnTest {
             struct Contents {
                 color : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> contents : Contents;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> contents : Contents;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(contents.color, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -416,20 +416,20 @@ TEST_P(MultipleWriteThenMultipleReadTests, SeparateBuffers) {
         struct VBContents {
             pos : array<vec4<f32>, 4>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> vbContents : VBContents;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> vbContents : VBContents;
 
         struct IBContents {
             indices : array<vec4<i32>, 2>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> ibContents : IBContents;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> ibContents : IBContents;
 
         struct ColorContents {
             color : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> uniformContents : ColorContents;
-        [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<storage, read_write> storageContents : ColorContents;
+        @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> uniformContents : ColorContents;
+        @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> storageContents : ColorContents;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             vbContents.pos[0] = vec4<f32>(-1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             vbContents.pos[1] = vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             vbContents.pos[2] = vec4<f32>(1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ TEST_P(MultipleWriteThenMultipleReadTests, SeparateBuffers) {
 
     // Create pipeline, bind group, and reuse buffers in render pass.
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return pos;
         })");
 
@@ -480,10 +480,10 @@ TEST_P(MultipleWriteThenMultipleReadTests, SeparateBuffers) {
             color : f32;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniformBuffer : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read> storageBuffer : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniformBuffer : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> storageBuffer : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(uniformBuffer.color, storageBuffer.color, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
@@ -536,15 +536,15 @@ TEST_P(MultipleWriteThenMultipleReadTests, OneBuffer) {
     // Create pipeline, bind group, and a complex buffer for compute pass.
     wgpu::ShaderModule csModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct Contents {
-            [[align(256)]] pos : array<vec4<f32>, 4>;
-            [[align(256)]] indices : array<vec4<i32>, 2>;
-            [[align(256)]] color0 : f32;
-            [[align(256)]] color1 : f32;
+            @align(256) pos : array<vec4<f32>, 4>;
+            @align(256) indices : array<vec4<i32>, 2>;
+            @align(256) color0 : f32;
+            @align(256) color1 : f32;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> contents : Contents;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> contents : Contents;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             contents.pos[0] = vec4<f32>(-1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             contents.pos[1] = vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             contents.pos[2] = vec4<f32>(1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -587,8 +587,8 @@ TEST_P(MultipleWriteThenMultipleReadTests, OneBuffer) {
 
     // Create pipeline, bind group, and reuse the buffer in render pass.
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return pos;
         })");
 
@@ -596,10 +596,10 @@ TEST_P(MultipleWriteThenMultipleReadTests, OneBuffer) {
         struct Buf {
             color : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniformBuffer : Buf;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read> storageBuffer : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniformBuffer : Buf;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> storageBuffer : Buf;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(uniformBuffer.color, storageBuffer.color, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/IOSurfaceWrappingTests.cpp

@@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ class IOSurfaceUsageTests : public IOSurfaceTestBase {
         {
             wgpu::ShaderModule vs = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
                 struct VertexOut {
-                    [[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>;
-                    [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                    @location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>;
+                    @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
                 };
 
-                [[stage(vertex)]]
-                fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
+                @stage(vertex)
+                fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
                     var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                         vec2<f32>(-2.0, -2.0),
                         vec2<f32>(-2.0,  2.0),
@@ -278,11 +278,11 @@ class IOSurfaceUsageTests : public IOSurfaceTestBase {
                 }
             )");
             wgpu::ShaderModule fs = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-                [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+                @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]]
-                fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment)
+                fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord);
                 }
             )");

src/tests/end2end/IndexFormatTests.cpp

@@ -30,15 +30,16 @@ class IndexFormatTest : public DawnTest {
 
     utils::BasicRenderPass renderPass;
 
-    wgpu::RenderPipeline MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat format,
+    wgpu::RenderPipeline MakeTestPipeline(
+        wgpu::IndexFormat format,
         wgpu::PrimitiveTopology primitiveTopology = wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleStrip) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct VertexIn {
-                [[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(vertex_index)]] idx : u32;
+                @location(0) pos : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(vertex_index) idx : u32;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(input : VertexIn) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(input : VertexIn) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 // 0xFFFFFFFE is a designated invalid index used by some tests.
                 if (input.idx == 0xFFFFFFFEu) {
                     return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class IndexFormatTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/MaxLimitTests.cpp

@@ -38,19 +38,19 @@ TEST_P(MaxLimitTests, MaxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize) {
             value1 : u32;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, write> dst : Dst;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, write> dst : Dst;
 
         struct WGData {
           value0 : u32;
           // padding such that value0 and value1 are the first and last bytes of the memory.
-          [[size()" + std::to_string(maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize / 4 - 2) +
-                         R"()]] padding : u32;
+          @size()" + std::to_string(maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize / 4 - 2) +
+                         R"() padding : u32;
           value1 : u32;
         };
         var<workgroup> wg_data : WGData;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(2,1,1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(local_invocation_index)]] LocalInvocationIndex : u32) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(2,1,1)
+        fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_index) LocalInvocationIndex : u32) {
             if (LocalInvocationIndex == 0u) {
                 // Put data into the first and last byte of workgroup memory.
                 wg_data.value0 = 79u;
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ TEST_P(MaxLimitTests, MaxBufferBindingSize) {
                       value1 : u32;
                   };
 
-                  [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> buf : Buf;
-                  [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, write> result : Result;
+                  @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> buf : Buf;
+                  @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, write> result : Result;
 
-                  [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1,1,1)]]
+                  @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1,1,1)
                   fn main() {
                       result.value0 = buf.values[0];
                       result.value1 = buf.values[arrayLength(&buf.values) - 1u];
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ TEST_P(MaxLimitTests, MaxBufferBindingSize) {
             case wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform:
                 maxBufferBindingSize = GetSupportedLimits().limits.maxUniformBufferBindingSize;
 
-                // Clamp to not exceed the maximum i32 value for the WGSL [[size(x)]] annotation.
+                // Clamp to not exceed the maximum i32 value for the WGSL @size(x) annotation.
                 maxBufferBindingSize = std::min(maxBufferBindingSize,
                                                 uint64_t(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) + 8);
 
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ TEST_P(MaxLimitTests, MaxBufferBindingSize) {
                   struct Buf {
                       value0 : u32;
                       // padding such that value0 and value1 are the first and last bytes of the memory.
-                      [[size()" +
-                         std::to_string(maxBufferBindingSize - 8) + R"()]] padding : u32;
+                      @size()" +
+                         std::to_string(maxBufferBindingSize - 8) + R"() padding : u32;
                       value1 : u32;
                   };
 
@@ -169,10 +169,10 @@ TEST_P(MaxLimitTests, MaxBufferBindingSize) {
                       value1 : u32;
                   };
 
-                  [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> buf : Buf;
-                  [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, write> result : Result;
+                  @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> buf : Buf;
+                  @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, write> result : Result;
 
-                  [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1,1,1)]]
+                  @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1,1,1)
                   fn main() {
                       result.value0 = buf.value0;
                       result.value1 = buf.value1;

src/tests/end2end/MultisampledRenderingTests.cpp

@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ class MultisampledRenderingTest : public DawnTest {
                 color : vec4<f32>;
                 depth : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
 
             struct FragmentOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(frag_depth)]] depth : f32;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(frag_depth) depth : f32;
             };
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
                 var output : FragmentOut;
                 output.color = uBuffer.color;
                 output.depth = uBuffer.depth;
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ class MultisampledRenderingTest : public DawnTest {
             struct U {
                 color : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return uBuffer.color;
             })";
 
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ class MultisampledRenderingTest : public DawnTest {
                 color0 : vec4<f32>;
                 color1 : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
 
             struct FragmentOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color0 : vec4<f32>;
-                [[location(1)]] color1 : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color0 : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(1) color1 : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
                 var output : FragmentOut;
                 output.color0 = uBuffer.color0;
                 output.color1 = uBuffer.color1;
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ class MultisampledRenderingTest : public DawnTest {
         // Draw a bottom-right triangle. In standard 4xMSAA pattern, for the pixels on diagonal,
         // only two of the samples will be touched.
         const char* vs = R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ class MultisampledRenderingTest : public DawnTest {
 
         // Draw a bottom-left triangle.
         const char* vsFlipped = R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -780,14 +780,14 @@ TEST_P(MultisampledRenderingTest, ResolveInto2DTextureWithSampleMaskAndShaderOut
         struct U {
             color : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
 
         struct FragmentOut {
-            [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-            [[builtin(sample_mask)]] sampleMask : u32;
+            @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+            @builtin(sample_mask) sampleMask : u32;
         };
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
             var output : FragmentOut;
             output.color = uBuffer.color;
             output.sampleMask = 6u;
@@ -842,15 +842,15 @@ TEST_P(MultisampledRenderingTest, ResolveIntoMultipleResolveTargetsWithShaderOut
             color0 : vec4<f32>;
             color1 : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBuffer : U;
 
         struct FragmentOut {
-            [[location(0)]] color0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] color1 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[builtin(sample_mask)]] sampleMask : u32;
+            @location(0) color0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) color1 : vec4<f32>;
+            @builtin(sample_mask) sampleMask : u32;
         };
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
             var output : FragmentOut;
             output.color0 = uBuffer.color0;
             output.color1 = uBuffer.color1;

src/tests/end2end/MultisampledSamplingTests.cpp

@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ class MultisampledSamplingTest : public DawnTest {
             utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor desc;
 
             desc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]]
-                fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec2<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex)
+                fn main(@location(0) pos : vec2<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>(pos, 0.0, 1.0);
                 })");
 
             desc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
                 struct FragmentOut {
-                    [[location(0)]] color : f32;
-                    [[builtin(frag_depth)]] depth : f32;
+                    @location(0) color : f32;
+                    @builtin(frag_depth) depth : f32;
                 };
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
                     var output : FragmentOut;
                     output.color = 1.0;
                     output.depth = 0.7;
@@ -96,16 +96,16 @@ class MultisampledSamplingTest : public DawnTest {
             wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc = {};
             desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
             desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var texture0 : texture_multisampled_2d<f32>;
-                [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture1 : texture_depth_multisampled_2d;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var texture0 : texture_multisampled_2d<f32>;
+                @group(0) @binding(1) var texture1 : texture_depth_multisampled_2d;
 
                 struct Results {
                     colorSamples : array<f32, 4>;
                     depthSamples : array<f32, 4>;
                 };
-                [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> results : Results;
+                @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> results : Results;
 
-                [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                     for (var i : i32 = 0; i < 4; i = i + 1) {
                         results.colorSamples[i] = textureLoad(texture0, vec2<i32>(0, 0), i).x;
                         results.depthSamples[i] = textureLoad(texture1, vec2<i32>(0, 0), i);

src/tests/end2end/ObjectCachingTests.cpp

@@ -104,15 +104,15 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, PipelineLayoutDeduplication) {
 // Test that ShaderModules are correctly deduplicated.
 TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, ShaderModuleDeduplication) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule sameModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule otherModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })");
 
@@ -124,16 +124,16 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, ShaderModuleDeduplication) {
 TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, ComputePipelineDeduplicationOnShaderModule) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         var<workgroup> i : u32;
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             i = 0u;
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule sameModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         var<workgroup> i : u32;
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             i = 0u;
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule otherModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
         })");
 
     EXPECT_NE(module.Get(), otherModule.Get());
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, ComputePipelineDeduplicationOnLayout) {
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             var<workgroup> i : u32;
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 i = 0u;
             })");
 
@@ -210,11 +210,11 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnLayout) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.cTargets[0].writeMask = wgpu::ColorWriteMask::None;
     desc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })");
     desc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })");
 
     desc.layout = pl;
@@ -233,15 +233,15 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnLayout) {
 // Test that RenderPipelines are correctly deduplicated wrt. their vertex module
 TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnVertexModule) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule sameModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule otherModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnVertexModule) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.cTargets[0].writeMask = wgpu::ColorWriteMask::None;
     desc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             })");
 
     desc.vertex.module = module;
@@ -270,13 +270,13 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnVertexModule) {
 // Test that RenderPipelines are correctly deduplicated wrt. their fragment module
 TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnFragmentModule) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule sameModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule otherModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })");
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ TEST_P(ObjectCachingTest, RenderPipelineDeduplicationOnFragmentModule) {
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/OpArrayLengthTests.cpp

@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ class OpArrayLengthTest : public DawnTest {
         // 0.
         mShaderInterface = R"(
             struct DataBuffer {
-                data : [[stride(4)]] array<f32>;
+                data : @stride(4) array<f32>;
             };
 
             // The length should be 1 because the buffer is 4-byte long.
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> buffer1 : DataBuffer;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> buffer1 : DataBuffer;
 
             // The length should be 64 because the buffer is 256 bytes long.
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read> buffer2 : DataBuffer;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> buffer2 : DataBuffer;
 
             // The length should be (512 - 16*4) / 8 = 56 because the buffer is 512 bytes long
             // and the structure is 8 bytes big.
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ class OpArrayLengthTest : public DawnTest {
             };
 
             struct Buffer3 {
-                [[size(64)]] garbage : mat4x4<f32>;
-                data : [[stride(8)]] array<Buffer3Data>;
+                @size(64) garbage : mat4x4<f32>;
+                data : @stride(8) array<Buffer3Data>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read> buffer3 : Buffer3;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read> buffer3 : Buffer3;
         )";
 
         // See comments in the shader for an explanation of these values
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ TEST_P(OpArrayLengthTest, Compute) {
     pipelineDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
     pipelineDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, (R"(
         struct ResultBuffer {
-            data : [[stride(4)]] array<u32, 3>;
+            data : @stride(4) array<u32, 3>;
         };
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> result : ResultBuffer;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> result : ResultBuffer;
         )" + mShaderInterface + R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             result.data[0] = arrayLength(&buffer1.data);
             result.data[1] = arrayLength(&buffer2.data);
             result.data[2] = arrayLength(&buffer3.data);
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ TEST_P(OpArrayLengthTest, Fragment) {
     // Create the pipeline that computes the length of the buffers and writes it to the only render
     // pass pixel.
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, (mShaderInterface + R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             var fragColor : vec4<f32>;
             fragColor.r = f32(arrayLength(&buffer1.data)) / 255.0;
             fragColor.g = f32(arrayLength(&buffer2.data)) / 255.0;
@@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ TEST_P(OpArrayLengthTest, Vertex) {
     // pass pixel.
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, (mShaderInterface + R"(
         struct VertexOut {
-            [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-            [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+            @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> VertexOut {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> VertexOut {
             var output : VertexOut;
             output.color.r = f32(arrayLength(&buffer1.data)) / 255.0;
             output.color.g = f32(arrayLength(&buffer2.data)) / 255.0;
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ TEST_P(OpArrayLengthTest, Vertex) {
                                                                         .c_str());
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main(@location(0) color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return color;
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/PrimitiveStateTests.cpp

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ class DepthClampingTest : public DawnTest {
                 color : vec3<f32>;
                 depth : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, ubo.depth, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ class DepthClampingTest : public DawnTest {
                 color : vec3<f32>;
                 depth : f32;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : UBO;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(ubo.color, 1.0);
             })");
     }
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ class DepthClampingTest : public DawnTest {
             wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
 
             // Create a bind group for the data
-            wgpu::BindGroup bindGroup = utils::MakeBindGroup(
-                device, pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0), {{0, buffer}});
+            wgpu::BindGroup bindGroup =
+                utils::MakeBindGroup(device, pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0), {{0, buffer}});
 
             pass.SetPipeline(pipeline);
             pass.SetBindGroup(0, bindGroup);
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class DepthClampingTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
         queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(expected, renderTarget,  0, 0) << "Pixel check failed";
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(expected, renderTarget, 0, 0) << "Pixel check failed";
     }
 
     wgpu::Texture renderTarget;
@@ -154,16 +154,16 @@ TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, ClampOnBeyondFarPlane) {
         {
             // Draw a red triangle at depth 1.
             {
-                nullptr, /* depthClampingState */
+                nullptr,               /* depthClampingState */
                 RGBA8(255, 0, 0, 255), /* color */
-                1.f, /* depth */
+                1.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
             // Draw a green triangle at depth 2 which should get clamped to 1.
             {
                 &clampingState,
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                2.f, /* depth */
+                2.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Equal,
             },
         },
@@ -181,16 +181,16 @@ TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, ClampOnBeyondNearPlane) {
         {
             // Draw a red triangle at depth 0.
             {
-                nullptr, /* depthClampingState */
+                nullptr,               /* depthClampingState */
                 RGBA8(255, 0, 0, 255), /* color */
-                0.f, /* depth */
+                0.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
             // Draw a green triangle at depth -1 which should get clamped to 0.
             {
                 &clampingState,
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                -1.f, /* depth */
+                -1.f,                  /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Equal,
             },
         },
@@ -209,14 +209,13 @@ TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, ClampOnInsideViewFrustum) {
             {
                 &clampingState,
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                0.5f, /* depth */
+                0.5f,                  /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
         },
         RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255));
 }
 
-
 // Test that fragments outside the view frustum are clipped if depth clamping is disabled.
 TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, ClampOffOutsideViewFrustum) {
     wgpu::PrimitiveDepthClampingState clampingState;
@@ -227,13 +226,13 @@ TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, ClampOffOutsideViewFrustum) {
             {
                 &clampingState,
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                2.f, /* depth */
+                2.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
             {
                 &clampingState,
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                -1.f, /* depth */
+                -1.f,                  /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
         },
@@ -245,15 +244,15 @@ TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, ClampUnspecifiedOutsideViewFrustum) {
     DoTest(
         {
             {
-                nullptr, /* depthClampingState */
+                nullptr,               /* depthClampingState */
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                -1.f, /* depth */
+                -1.f,                  /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
             {
-                nullptr, /* depthClampingState */
+                nullptr,               /* depthClampingState */
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                2.f, /* depth */
+                2.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
         },
@@ -275,18 +274,18 @@ TEST_P(DepthClampingTest, MultipleRenderPipelines) {
             {
                 &clampingState,
                 RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255), /* color */
-                2.f, /* depth */
+                2.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
             // Draw red with clipping
             {
                 &clippingState,
                 RGBA8(255, 0, 0, 255), /* color */
-                2.f, /* depth */
+                2.f,                   /* depth */
                 wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
             },
         },
-        RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255)); // Result should be green
+        RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255));  // Result should be green
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(DepthClampingTest,

src/tests/end2end/PrimitiveTopologyTests.cpp

@@ -154,13 +154,13 @@ class PrimitiveTopologyTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
         fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/QueryTests.cpp

@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ class OcclusionQueryTests : public QueryTests {
 
         // Create basic render pipeline
         vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class OcclusionQueryTests : public QueryTests {
             })");
 
         fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/ReadOnlyDepthStencilAttachmentTests.cpp

@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ class ReadOnlyDepthStencilAttachmentTests
         // and pass the depth test, and sample from the depth buffer in fragment shader in the same
         // pipeline.
         pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec3<f32>, 6>(
                     vec3<f32>(-1.0,  1.0, 0.4),
                     vec3<f32>(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0),
@@ -87,27 +87,27 @@ class ReadOnlyDepthStencilAttachmentTests
         if (!sampleFromAttachment) {
             // Draw a solid blue into color buffer if not sample from depth/stencil attachment.
             pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
             })");
         } else {
             // Sample from depth/stencil attachment and draw that sampled texel into color buffer.
             if (aspect == wgpu::TextureAspect::DepthOnly) {
                 pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var samp : sampler;
-                [[group(0), binding(1)]] var tex : texture_depth_2d;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var samp : sampler;
+                @group(0) @binding(1) var tex : texture_depth_2d;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]]
-                fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment)
+                fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>(textureSample(tex, samp, FragCoord.xy), 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
                 })");
             } else {
                 ASSERT(aspect == wgpu::TextureAspect::StencilOnly);
                 pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var tex : texture_2d<u32>;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var tex : texture_2d<u32>;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]]
-                fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment)
+                fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     var texel = textureLoad(tex, vec2<i32>(FragCoord.xy), 0);
                     return vec4<f32>(f32(texel[0]) / 255.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
                 })");

src/tests/end2end/RenderAttachmentTests.cpp

@@ -23,20 +23,20 @@ class RenderAttachmentTest : public DawnTest {};
 // There should be no backend validation errors or indexing out-of-bounds.
 TEST_P(RenderAttachmentTest, MoreFragmentOutputsThanAttachments) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct Output {
-            [[location(0)]] color0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] color1 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(2)]] color2 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(3)]] color3 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) color0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) color1 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(2) color2 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(3) color3 : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
+        @stage(fragment)
         fn main() -> Output {
             var output : Output;
             output.color0 = vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

src/tests/end2end/RenderBundleTests.cpp

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ class RenderBundleTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class RenderBundleTest : public DawnTest {
             struct Ubo {
                 color : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> fragmentUniformBuffer : Ubo;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> fragmentUniformBuffer : Ubo;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return fragmentUniformBuffer.color;
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/RenderPassLoadOpTests.cpp

@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ class RenderPassLoadOpTests : public DawnTest {
 
         // draws a blue quad on the right half of the screen
         const char* vsSource = R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>( 0.0, -1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0, -1.0),
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class RenderPassLoadOpTests : public DawnTest {
             })";
 
         const char* fsSource = R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
             })";
         blueQuad = DrawQuad(device, vsSource, fsSource);

src/tests/end2end/RenderPassTests.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ class RenderPassTest : public DawnTest {
 
         // Shaders to draw a bottom-left triangle in blue.
         mVSModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0, -1.0),
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class RenderPassTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ TEST_P(RenderPassTest, NoCorrespondingFragmentShaderOutputs) {
     {
         // Next we use a pipeline whose fragment shader has no outputs.
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             })");
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.vertex.module = mVSModule;

src/tests/end2end/SamplerFilterAnisotropicTests.cpp

@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ class SamplerFilterAnisotropicTest : public DawnTest {
             };
 
             struct VertexIn {
-                [[location(0)]] position : vec4<f32>;
-                [[location(1)]] uv : vec2<f32>;
+                @location(0) position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(1) uv : vec2<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] uv : vec2<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) uv : vec2<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
+            @stage(vertex)
             fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 output.uv = input.uv;
@@ -63,16 +63,16 @@ class SamplerFilterAnisotropicTest : public DawnTest {
             }
         )");
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
 
             struct FragmentIn {
-                [[location(0)]] uv: vec2<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] fragCoord : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) uv: vec2<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) fragCoord : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, input.uv);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/SamplerTests.cpp

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ class SamplerTest : public DawnTest {
         mRenderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
         auto vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-2.0, -2.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-2.0,  2.0),
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ class SamplerTest : public DawnTest {
             }
         )");
         auto fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, FragCoord.xy / vec2<f32>(2.0, 2.0));
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/ScissorTests.cpp

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class ScissorTest : public DawnTest {
   protected:
     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateQuadPipeline(wgpu::TextureFormat format) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class ScissorTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/ShaderTests.cpp

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ struct Buf {
     data : array<u32, 19>;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     let factor : f32 = 1.0001;
 
     buf.data[0] = u32(log2(1.0 * factor));
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ I am an invalid shader and should never pass validation!
 // can compile and link successfully.
 TEST_P(ShaderTests, WGSLParamIO) {
     std::string vertexShader = R"(
-[[stage(vertex)]]
-fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(vertex)
+fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
     var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
         vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
         vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] ve
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vertexShader.c_str());
 
     std::string fragmentShader = R"(
-[[stage(fragment)]]
-fn main([[builtin(position)]] fragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment)
+fn main(@builtin(position) fragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return vec4<f32>(fragCoord.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
 })";
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentShader.c_str());
@@ -143,16 +143,16 @@ fn main([[builtin(position)]] fragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32
 TEST_P(ShaderTests, WGSLMixedStructParamIO) {
     std::string vertexShader = R"(
 struct VertexIn {
-    [[location(0)]] position : vec3<f32>;
-    [[location(1)]] color : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) position : vec3<f32>;
+    @location(1) color : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
 struct VertexOut {
-    [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-    [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+    @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
-[[stage(vertex)]]
+@stage(vertex)
 fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
     var output : VertexOut;
     output.position = vec4<f32>(input.position, 1.0);
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vertexShader.c_str());
 
     std::string fragmentShader = R"(
-[[stage(fragment)]]
-fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment)
+fn main(@location(0) color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return color;
 })";
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentShader.c_str());
@@ -186,16 +186,16 @@ fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
 TEST_P(ShaderTests, WGSLStructIO) {
     std::string vertexShader = R"(
 struct VertexIn {
-    [[location(0)]] position : vec3<f32>;
-    [[location(1)]] color : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) position : vec3<f32>;
+    @location(1) color : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
 struct VertexOut {
-    [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-    [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+    @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
-[[stage(vertex)]]
+@stage(vertex)
 fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
     var output : VertexOut;
     output.position = vec4<f32>(input.position, 1.0);
@@ -206,12 +206,12 @@ fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
 
     std::string fragmentShader = R"(
 struct FragmentIn {
-    [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-    [[builtin(position)]] fragCoord : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+    @builtin(position) fragCoord : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
-[[stage(fragment)]]
-fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment)
+fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return input.color * input.fragCoord;
 })";
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentShader.c_str());
@@ -233,16 +233,16 @@ fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
 TEST_P(ShaderTests, WGSLUnsortedStructIO) {
     std::string vertexShader = R"(
 struct VertexIn {
-    [[location(0)]] position : vec3<f32>;
-    [[location(1)]] color : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) position : vec3<f32>;
+    @location(1) color : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
 struct VertexOut {
-    [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
-    [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
+    @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
-[[stage(vertex)]]
+@stage(vertex)
 fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
     var output : VertexOut;
     output.position = vec4<f32>(input.position, 1.0);
@@ -253,12 +253,12 @@ fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
 
     std::string fragmentShader = R"(
 struct FragmentIn {
-    [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-    [[builtin(position)]] fragCoord : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+    @builtin(position) fragCoord : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
-[[stage(fragment)]]
-fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment)
+fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return input.color * input.fragCoord;
 })";
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentShader.c_str());
@@ -280,16 +280,16 @@ fn main(input : FragmentIn) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
 TEST_P(ShaderTests, WGSLSharedStructIO) {
     std::string shader = R"(
 struct VertexIn {
-    [[location(0)]] position : vec3<f32>;
-    [[location(1)]] color : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) position : vec3<f32>;
+    @location(1) color : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
 struct VertexOut {
-    [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-    [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+    @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+    @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
 };
 
-[[stage(vertex)]]
+@stage(vertex)
 fn vertexMain(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
     var output : VertexOut;
     output.position = vec4<f32>(input.position, 1.0);
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ fn vertexMain(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
     return output;
 }
 
-[[stage(fragment)]]
-fn fragmentMain(input : VertexOut) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment)
+fn fragmentMain(input : VertexOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return input.color;
 })";
     wgpu::ShaderModule shaderModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, shader.c_str());
@@ -329,21 +329,21 @@ TEST_P(ShaderTests, FirstIndexOffsetRegisterConflictInHLSLTransforms) {
 // Dumped WGSL:
 
 struct Inputs {
-  [[location(1)]] attrib1 : u32;
+  @location(1) attrib1 : u32;
   // The extra register added to handle base_vertex for vertex_index conflicts with [1]
-  [[builtin(vertex_index)]] vertexIndex: u32;
+  @builtin(vertex_index) vertexIndex: u32;
 };
 
 // [1] a binding point that conflicts with the regitster
 struct S1 { data : array<vec4<u32>, 20>; };
-[[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> providedData1 : S1;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> providedData1 : S1;
 
-[[stage(vertex)]] fn vsMain(input : Inputs) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(vertex) fn vsMain(input : Inputs) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
   _ = providedData1.data[input.vertexIndex][0];
   return vec4<f32>();
 }
 
-[[stage(fragment)]] fn fsMain() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment) fn fsMain() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
   return vec4<f32>();
 }
     )";
@@ -362,17 +362,17 @@ struct S1 { data : array<vec4<u32>, 20>; };
     device.CreateRenderPipeline(&rpDesc);
 }
 
-// Test that WGSL built-in variable [[sample_index]] can be used in fragment shaders.
+// Test that WGSL built-in variable @sample_index can be used in fragment shaders.
 TEST_P(ShaderTests, SampleIndex) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[stage(vertex)]]
-fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(vertex)
+fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
     return pos;
 })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[stage(fragment)]] fn main([[builtin(sample_index)]] sampleIndex : u32)
-    -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment) fn main(@builtin(sample_index) sampleIndex : u32)
+    -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return vec4<f32>(f32(sampleIndex), 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
 })");
 
@@ -400,25 +400,25 @@ TEST_P(ShaderTests, OverridableConstants) {
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = CreateBuffer(kCount);
 
     std::string shader = R"(
-[[override]] let c0: bool;              // type: bool
-[[override]] let c1: bool = false;      // default override
-[[override]] let c2: f32;               // type: float32
-[[override]] let c3: f32 = 0.0;         // default override
-[[override]] let c4: f32 = 4.0;         // default
-[[override]] let c5: i32;               // type: int32
-[[override]] let c6: i32 = 0;           // default override
-[[override]] let c7: i32 = 7;           // default
-[[override]] let c8: u32;               // type: uint32
-[[override]] let c9: u32 = 0u;          // default override
-[[override]] let c10: u32 = 10u;        // default
+@override let c0: bool;              // type: bool
+@override let c1: bool = false;      // default override
+@override let c2: f32;               // type: float32
+@override let c3: f32 = 0.0;         // default override
+@override let c4: f32 = 4.0;         // default
+@override let c5: i32;               // type: int32
+@override let c6: i32 = 0;           // default override
+@override let c7: i32 = 7;           // default
+@override let c8: u32;               // type: uint32
+@override let c9: u32 = 0u;          // default override
+@override let c10: u32 = 10u;        // default
 
 struct Buf {
     data : array<u32, 11>;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     buf.data[0] = u32(c0);
     buf.data[1] = u32(c1);
     buf.data[2] = u32(c2);
@@ -477,18 +477,18 @@ TEST_P(ShaderTests, OverridableConstantsNumericIdentifiers) {
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = CreateBuffer(kCount);
 
     std::string shader = R"(
-[[override(1001)]] let c1: u32;            // some big numeric id
-[[override(1)]] let c2: u32 = 0u;          // id == 1 might collide with some generated constant id
-[[override(1003)]] let c3: u32 = 3u;       // default
-[[override(1004)]] let c4: u32;            // default unspecified
+@override(1001) let c1: u32;            // some big numeric id
+@override(1) let c2: u32 = 0u;          // id == 1 might collide with some generated constant id
+@override(1003) let c3: u32 = 3u;       // default
+@override(1004) let c4: u32;            // default unspecified
 
 struct Buf {
     data : array<u32, 4>;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     buf.data[0] = c1;
     buf.data[1] = c2;
     buf.data[2] = c3;
@@ -536,16 +536,16 @@ TEST_P(ShaderTests, OverridableConstantsPrecision) {
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = CreateBuffer(kCount);
 
     std::string shader = R"(
-[[override(1001)]] let c1: f32;
-[[override(1002)]] let c2: f32;
+@override(1001) let c1: f32;
+@override(1002) let c2: f32;
 
 struct Buf {
     data : array<f32, 2>;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     buf.data[0] = c1;
     buf.data[1] = c2;
 })";
@@ -590,24 +590,24 @@ TEST_P(ShaderTests, OverridableConstantsMultipleEntryPoints) {
     wgpu::Buffer buffer3 = CreateBuffer(kCount);
 
     std::string shader = R"(
-[[override(1001)]] let c1: u32;
-[[override(1002)]] let c2: u32;
+@override(1001) let c1: u32;
+@override(1002) let c2: u32;
 
 struct Buf {
     data : array<u32, 1>;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main1() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main1() {
     buf.data[0] = c1;
 }
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main2() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main2() {
     buf.data[0] = c2;
 }
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main3() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main3() {
     buf.data[0] = 3u;
 }
 )";
@@ -681,11 +681,11 @@ TEST_P(ShaderTests, OverridableConstantsRenderPipeline) {
     DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(IsOpenGLES());
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[override(1111)]] let xright: f32;
-[[override(2222)]] let ytop: f32;
-[[stage(vertex)]]
-fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32)
-     -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+@override(1111) let xright: f32;
+@override(2222) let ytop: f32;
+@stage(vertex)
+fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32)
+     -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
   var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
       vec2<f32>(-1.0, ytop),
       vec2<f32>(-1.0, -ytop),
@@ -695,9 +695,9 @@ fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32)
 })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[override(1000)]] let intensity: f32 = 0.0;
-[[stage(fragment)]] fn main()
-    -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@override(1000) let intensity: f32 = 0.0;
+@stage(fragment) fn main()
+    -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     return vec4<f32>(intensity, intensity, intensity, 1.0);
 })");
 

src/tests/end2end/StorageTextureTests.cpp

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class StorageTextureTests : public DawnTest {
                                     wgpu::TextureViewDimension dimension,
                                     uint32_t binding) {
         std::ostringstream ostream;
-        ostream << "[[group(0), binding(" << binding << ")]] "
+        ostream << "@group(0) @binding(" << binding << ") "
                 << "var storageImage" << binding << " : ";
         switch (dimension) {
             case wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D:
@@ -370,15 +370,15 @@ fn IsEqualTo(pixel : vec4<f32>, expected : vec4<f32>) -> bool {
                 UNREACHABLE();
                 break;
         }
-        const char* workgroupSize = !strcmp(stage, "compute") ? ", workgroup_size(1)" : "";
+        const char* workgroupSize = !strcmp(stage, "compute") ? " @workgroup_size(1)" : "";
         const bool isFragment = strcmp(stage, "fragment") == 0;
 
         std::ostringstream ostream;
         ostream << GetImageDeclaration(format, "write", dimension, 0) << "\n";
-        ostream << "[[stage(" << stage << ")" << workgroupSize << "]]\n";
+        ostream << "@stage(" << stage << ")" << workgroupSize << "\n";
         ostream << "fn main() ";
         if (isFragment) {
-            ostream << "-> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> ";
+            ostream << "-> @location(0) vec4<f32> ";
         }
         ostream << "{\n";
         ostream << "  let size : vec2<i32> = textureDimensions(storageImage0).xy;\n";
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ fn IsEqualTo(pixel : vec4<f32>, expected : vec4<f32>) -> bool {
         std::ostringstream ostream;
         ostream << GetImageDeclaration(format, "write", dimension, 0) << "\n";
         ostream << GetImageDeclaration(format, "read", dimension, 1) << "\n";
-        ostream << "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {\n";
+        ostream << "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {\n";
         ostream << "  let size : vec2<i32> = textureDimensions(storageImage0).xy;\n";
         ostream << "  let sliceCount : i32 = " << sliceCount << ";\n";
         ostream << "  for (var slice : i32 = 0; slice < sliceCount; slice = slice + 1) {\n";
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ fn IsEqualTo(pixel : vec4<f32>, expected : vec4<f32>) -> bool {
 
     const char* kSimpleVertexShader = R"(
 ;
-[[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
   return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
 })";
 
@@ -863,9 +863,9 @@ TEST_P(StorageTextureTests, SampledAndWriteonlyStorageTexturePingPong) {
         kTextureFormat, wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding | wgpu::TextureUsage::StorageBinding, 1u,
         1u);
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var Src : texture_2d<u32>;
-[[group(0), binding(1)]] var Dst : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@group(0) @binding(0) var Src : texture_2d<u32>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var Dst : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
   var srcValue : vec4<u32> = textureLoad(Src, vec2<i32>(0, 0), 0);
   srcValue.x = srcValue.x + 1u;
   textureStore(Dst, vec2<i32>(0, 0), srcValue);
@@ -962,16 +962,16 @@ fn doTest() -> bool {
 })";
 
     const char* kCommonWriteOnlyZeroInitTestCodeFragment = R"(
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var dstImage : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var dstImage : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;
 
-[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+@stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
   textureStore(dstImage, vec2<i32>(0, 0), vec4<u32>(1u, 0u, 0u, 1u));
   return vec4<f32>();
 })";
     const char* kCommonWriteOnlyZeroInitTestCodeCompute = R"(
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var dstImage : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var dstImage : texture_storage_2d<r32uint, write>;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
   textureStore(dstImage, vec2<i32>(0, 0), vec4<u32>(1u, 0u, 0u, 1u));
 })";
 };

src/tests/end2end/SwapChainValidationTests.cpp

@@ -223,15 +223,15 @@ TEST_P(SwapChainValidationTests, ViewDestroyedAfterPresent) {
 TEST_P(SwapChainValidationTests, ReturnedViewCharacteristics) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
     pipelineDesc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
     pipelineDesc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct FragmentOut {
-            [[location(0)]] target0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] target1 : f32;
+            @location(0) target0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) target1 : f32;
         };
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
             var out : FragmentOut;
             out.target0 = vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             out.target1 = 0.5;

src/tests/end2end/Texture3DTests.cpp

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ TEST_P(Texture3DTests, Sampling) {
     // Set up pipeline. Two triangles will be drawn via the pipeline. They will fill the entire
     // color attachment with data sampled from 3D texture.
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex)
+        fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                 vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                 vec2<f32>( -1.0, -1.0),
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ TEST_P(Texture3DTests, Sampling) {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var samp : sampler;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var tex : texture_3d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var samp : sampler;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var tex : texture_3d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return textureSample(tex, samp, vec3<f32>(FragCoord.xy / 4.0, 1.5 / 4.0));
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/TextureFormatTests.cpp

@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ class TextureFormatTest : public DawnTest {
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor desc;
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-3.0, -1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 3.0, -1.0),
@@ -157,12 +157,12 @@ class TextureFormatTest : public DawnTest {
         const char* type = utils::GetWGSLColorTextureComponentType(sampleFormatInfo.format);
 
         std::ostringstream fsSource;
-        fsSource << "[[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<" << type << ">;\n";
+        fsSource << "@group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<" << type << ">;\n";
         fsSource << "struct FragmentOut {\n";
-        fsSource << "   [[location(0)]] color : vec4<" << type << ">;\n";
+        fsSource << "   @location(0) color : vec4<" << type << ">;\n";
         fsSource << R"(};
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> FragmentOut {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> FragmentOut {
                 var output : FragmentOut;
                 output.color = textureLoad(myTexture, vec2<i32>(FragCoord.xy), 0);
                 return output;

src/tests/end2end/TextureSubresourceTests.cpp

@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ class TextureSubresourceTest : public DawnTest {
 
     void DrawTriangle(const wgpu::TextureView& view) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class TextureSubresourceTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ class TextureSubresourceTest : public DawnTest {
 
     void SampleAndDraw(const wgpu::TextureView& samplerView, const wgpu::TextureView& renderView) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ class TextureSubresourceTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var samp : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var samp : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(tex, samp, FragCoord.xy / vec2<f32>(4.0, 4.0));
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/TextureViewTests.cpp

@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ namespace {
     wgpu::ShaderModule CreateDefaultVertexShaderModule(wgpu::Device device) {
         return utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                                             vec2<f32>(-2., -2.),
@@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ class TextureViewSamplingTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::TextureView textureView = mTexture.CreateView(&descriptor);
 
         const char* fragmentShader = R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord);
             }
         )";
@@ -257,11 +257,11 @@ class TextureViewSamplingTest : public DawnTest {
         wgpu::TextureView textureView = mTexture.CreateView(&descriptor);
 
         const char* fragmentShader = R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d_array<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d_array<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord, 0) +
                        textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord, 1) +
                        textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord, 2);
@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ class TextureViewSamplingTest : public DawnTest {
 
         std::ostringstream stream;
         stream << R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : )"
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : )"
                << textureType << R"(<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 var sc : f32 = 2.0 * texCoord.x - 1.0;
                 var tc : f32 = 2.0 * texCoord.y - 1.0;
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, vec3<f32>()"
@@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ TEST_P(TextureViewSamplingTest, Default2DArrayTexture) {
     wgpu::TextureView textureView = mTexture.CreateView(&descriptor);
 
     const char* fragmentShader = R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture0 : texture_2d_array<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture0 : texture_2d_array<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord, 0) +
                        textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord, 1) +
                        textureSample(texture0, sampler0, texCoord, 2);
@@ -498,8 +498,8 @@ class TextureViewRenderingTest : public DawnTest {
         renderPassInfo.cColorAttachments[0].clearColor = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
 
         const char* oneColorFragmentShader = R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) ->
-                [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) ->
+                @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             }
         )";

src/tests/end2end/TextureZeroInitTests.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TextureZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
         pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = CreateBasicVertexShaderForTest(depth);
         const char* fs = R"(
             ;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             }
         )";
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ class TextureZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
     }
     wgpu::ShaderModule CreateBasicVertexShaderForTest(float depth = 0.f) {
         std::string source = R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
@@ -100,12 +100,12 @@ class TextureZeroInitTest : public DawnTest {
     }
     wgpu::ShaderModule CreateSampledTextureFragmentShaderForTest() {
         return utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
             struct FragmentOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> FragmentOut {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>) -> FragmentOut {
                 var output : FragmentOut;
                 output.color = textureLoad(texture0, vec2<i32>(FragCoord.xy), 0);
                 return output;
@@ -979,12 +979,12 @@ TEST_P(TextureZeroInitTest, ComputePassSampledTextureClear) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor computePipelineDescriptor;
     wgpu::ProgrammableStageDescriptor compute;
     const char* cs = R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
         struct Result {
             value : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> result : Result;
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> result : Result;
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
            result.value = textureLoad(tex, vec2<i32>(0,0), 0);
         }
     )";

src/tests/end2end/VertexFormatTests.cpp

@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ class VertexFormatTest : public DawnTest {
 
         std::ostringstream vs;
         vs << "struct VertexIn {\n";
-        vs << "    [[location(0)]] test : " << variableType << ";\n";
-        vs << "    [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32;\n";
+        vs << "    @location(0) test : " << variableType << ";\n";
+        vs << "    @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32;\n";
         vs << "};\n";
 
         // Because x86 CPU using "extended
@@ -260,11 +260,11 @@ class VertexFormatTest : public DawnTest {
             }
 
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
+            @stage(vertex)
             fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ class VertexFormatTest : public DawnTest {
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vs.str().c_str());
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(fragment)]]
-                fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment)
+                fn main(@location(0) color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return color;
                 })");
 

src/tests/end2end/VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTests.cpp

@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ class VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest : public DawnTest {
         bool writeDepth = false,
         bool useFragment = true) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@location(0) pos : vec4<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/end2end/VertexStateTests.cpp

@@ -74,23 +74,23 @@ class VertexStateTest : public DawnTest {
 
         // TODO(cwallez@chromium.org): this only handles float attributes, we should extend it to
         // other types Adds line of the form
-        //    [[location(1) input1 : vec4<f32>;
+        //    @location(1) input1 : vec4<f32>;
         for (const auto& input : testSpec) {
-            vs << "[[location(" << input.location << ")]] input" << input.location
+            vs << "@location(" << input.location << ") input" << input.location
                << " : vec4<f32>;\n";
         }
 
         vs << R"(
-                [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32;
-                [[builtin(instance_index)]] InstanceIndex : u32;
+                @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32;
+                @builtin(instance_index) InstanceIndex : u32;
             };
 
             struct VertexOut {
-                [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-                [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+                @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
                 var output : VertexOut;
         )";
 
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ class VertexStateTest : public DawnTest {
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vs.str().c_str());
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return color;
             }
         )");
@@ -586,18 +586,18 @@ TEST_P(VertexStateTest, OverlappingVertexAttributes) {
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
     pipelineDesc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct VertexIn {
-            [[location(0)]] attr0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] attr1 : vec2<u32>;
-            [[location(2)]] attr2 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(3)]] attr3 : f32;
+            @location(0) attr0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) attr1 : vec2<u32>;
+            @location(2) attr2 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(3) attr3 : f32;
         };
 
         struct VertexOut {
-            [[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>;
-            [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) color : vec4<f32>;
+            @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(input : VertexIn) -> VertexOut {
             var output : VertexOut;
             output.position = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
 
@@ -617,8 +617,8 @@ TEST_P(VertexStateTest, OverlappingVertexAttributes) {
             return output;
         })");
     pipelineDesc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]]
-        fn main([[location(0)]] color : vec4<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment)
+        fn main(@location(0) color : vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return color;
         })");
     pipelineDesc.vertex.bufferCount = vertexState.vertexBufferCount;
@@ -662,12 +662,12 @@ TEST_P(OptionalVertexStateTest, Basic) {
     utils::BasicRenderPass renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, 3, 3);
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/VideoViewsTests.cpp

@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> VideoViewsTests::GetTestTextureData(wgpu::TextureFormat for
 wgpu::ShaderModule VideoViewsTests::GetTestVertexShaderModule() const {
     return utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
                 struct VertexOut {
-                    [[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2 <f32>;
-                    [[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>;
+                    @location(0) texCoord : vec2 <f32>;
+                    @builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>;
                 };
 
-                [[stage(vertex)]]
-                fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
+                @stage(vertex)
+                fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> VertexOut {
                     var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                         vec2<f32>(-1.0, 1.0),
                         vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ TEST_P(VideoViewsTests, NV12SampleYtoR) {
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = GetTestVertexShaderModule();
 
     renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                let y : f32 = textureSample(texture, sampler0, texCoord).r;
                return vec4<f32>(y, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
@@ -221,11 +221,11 @@ TEST_P(VideoViewsTests, NV12SampleUVtoRG) {
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = GetTestVertexShaderModule();
 
     renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var texture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var texture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                let u : f32 = textureSample(texture, sampler0, texCoord).r;
                let v : f32 = textureSample(texture, sampler0, texCoord).g;
                return vec4<f32>(u, v, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -289,12 +289,12 @@ TEST_P(VideoViewsTests, NV12SampleYUVtoRGB) {
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = GetTestVertexShaderModule();
 
     renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var lumaTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var chromaTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var lumaTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var chromaTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]]
-            fn main([[location(0)]] texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment)
+            fn main(@location(0) texCoord : vec2<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                let y : f32 = textureSample(lumaTexture, sampler0, texCoord).r;
                let u : f32 = textureSample(chromaTexture, sampler0, texCoord).r;
                let v : f32 = textureSample(chromaTexture, sampler0, texCoord).g;

src/tests/end2end/ViewportOrientationTests.cpp

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ TEST_P(ViewportOrientationTests, OriginAt0x0) {
     utils::BasicRenderPass renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, 2, 2);
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(-0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 

src/tests/end2end/ViewportTests.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ class ViewportTest : public DawnTest {
         DawnTest::SetUp();
 
         mQuadVS = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 6>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0, -1.0),
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class ViewportTest : public DawnTest {
             })");
 
         mQuadFS = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
             })");
     }
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ class ViewportTest : public DawnTest {
         // Create a pipeline drawing 3 points at depth 1.0, 0.5 and 0.0.
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
         pipelineDesc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var points : array<vec3<f32>, 3> = array<vec3<f32>, 3>(
                     vec3<f32>(-0.9, 0.0, 1.0),
                     vec3<f32>( 0.0, 0.0, 0.5),

src/tests/perf_tests/DrawCallPerf.cpp

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ namespace {
     };
 
     constexpr char kVertexShader[] = R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-            [[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>
-        ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(
+            @location(0) pos : vec4<f32>
+        ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return pos;
         })";
 
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ namespace {
         struct Uniforms {
             color : vec3<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(uniforms.color * (1.0 / 5000.0), 1.0);
         })";
 
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ namespace {
         struct Uniforms {
             color : vec3<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> constants : Constants;
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> constants : Constants;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>((constants.color + uniforms.color) * (1.0 / 5000.0), 1.0);
         })";
 

src/tests/perf_tests/ShaderRobustnessPerf.cpp

@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ namespace {
             numbers: array<f32>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> firstMatrix : Matrix;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read> secondMatrix : Matrix;
-        [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, write> resultMatrix : Matrix;
-        [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> firstMatrix : Matrix;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> secondMatrix : Matrix;
+        @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, write> resultMatrix : Matrix;
+        @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
         fn mm_readA(row : u32, col : u32) -> f32  {
             if (row < uniforms.dimAOuter && col < uniforms.dimInner)
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ namespace {
         var<workgroup> mm_Asub : array<array<f32, 32>, 32>;
         var<workgroup> mm_Bsub : array<array<f32, 32>, 32>;)";
     const std::string& kMatMulFloatBodyPart1 = R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(8, 8, 1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(local_invocation_id)]] local_id : vec3<u32>,
-                [[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] global_id  : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(8, 8, 1)
+        fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id : vec3<u32>,
+                @builtin(global_invocation_id) global_id  : vec3<u32>) {
             let tileRow : u32 = local_id.y * RowPerThread;
             let tileCol : u32 = local_id.x * ColPerThread;
 
@@ -196,10 +196,10 @@ namespace {
             numbers: array<vec4<f32>>;
         };
 
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> firstMatrix : Matrix;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read> secondMatrix : Matrix;
-        [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, write> resultMatrix : Matrix;
-        [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> firstMatrix : Matrix;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> secondMatrix : Matrix;
+        @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, write> resultMatrix : Matrix;
+        @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
         fn mm_readA(row : u32, col : u32) -> vec4<f32>  {
             if (row < uniforms.dimAOuter && col < uniforms.dimInner)
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ namespace {
         var<workgroup> mm_Asub : array<array<vec4<f32>, 8>, 32>;
         var<workgroup> mm_Bsub : array<array<vec4<f32>, 8>, 32>;)";
     const std::string& kMatMulVec4BodyPart1 = R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(8, 8, 1)]]
-        fn main([[builtin(local_invocation_id)]] local_id : vec3<u32>,
-                [[builtin(global_invocation_id)]] global_id  : vec3<u32>) {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(8, 8, 1)
+        fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id : vec3<u32>,
+                @builtin(global_invocation_id) global_id  : vec3<u32>) {
             let tileRow : u32 = local_id.y * RowPerThread;
             let tileCol : u32 = local_id.x;
 

src/tests/perf_tests/SubresourceTrackingPerf.cpp

@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ class SubresourceTrackingPerf : public DawnPerfTestWithParams<SubresourceTrackin
 
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
         pipelineDesc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             }
         )");
         pipelineDesc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var materials : texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var materials : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 let foo : vec2<i32> = textureDimensions(materials);
                 return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             }

src/tests/unittests/native/CommandBufferEncodingTests.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ TEST_F(CommandBufferEncodingTests, ComputePassEncoderIndirectDispatchStateRestor
     // Create a simple pipeline
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor csDesc;
     csDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]]
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
         fn main() {
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ TEST_F(CommandBufferEncodingTests, StateNotLeakedAfterRestore) {
     // Create a simple pipeline
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor csDesc;
     csDesc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]]
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
         fn main() {
         })");
     csDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

src/tests/unittests/native/DestroyObjectTests.cpp

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ namespace dawn::native { namespace {
             }
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN_WITH_CLEANUP(
                 mVsModule, ShaderModuleMock::Create(&mDevice, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })"),
                 { ASSERT(false); }, mVsModule);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace dawn::native { namespace {
             }
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN_WITH_CLEANUP(
                 mCsModule, ShaderModuleMock::Create(&mDevice, R"(
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             })"),
                 { ASSERT(false); }, mCsModule);
             EXPECT_CALL(*mCsModule.Get(), DestroyImpl).Times(1);
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ namespace dawn::native { namespace {
         {
             ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc;
             wgslDesc.source = R"(
-                [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 }
             )";
             ShaderModuleDescriptor desc = {};
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ namespace dawn::native { namespace {
         {
             ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc;
             wgslDesc.source = R"(
-                [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 }
             )";
             ShaderModuleDescriptor desc = {};

src/tests/unittests/validation/BindGroupValidationTests.cpp

@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ class SetBindGroupValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
 
     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateRenderPipeline() {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
@@ -1424,12 +1424,12 @@ class SetBindGroupValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
                     value : vec2<f32>;
                 };
 
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBufferDynamic : S;
-                [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : S;
-                [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
-                [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBufferDynamic : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uBuffer : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 })");
 
         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
@@ -1448,12 +1448,12 @@ class SetBindGroupValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
                     value : vec2<f32>;
                 };
 
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uBufferDynamic : S;
-                [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> uBuffer : S;
-                [[group(0), binding(2)]] var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
-                [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uBufferDynamic : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uBuffer : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
 
-                [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(4, 4, 1)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(4, 4, 1) fn main() {
                 })");
 
         wgpu::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout =
@@ -1824,7 +1824,7 @@ class SetBindGroupPersistenceValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         mVsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
@@ -1880,7 +1880,7 @@ class SetBindGroupPersistenceValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
 
             for (uint32_t b = 0; b < layout.size(); ++b) {
                 wgpu::BufferBindingType binding = layout[b];
-                ss << "[[group(" << l << "), binding(" << b << ")]] ";
+                ss << "@group(" << l << ") @binding(" << b << ") ";
                 switch (binding) {
                     case wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage:
                         ss << "var<storage, read_write> set" << l << "_binding" << b << " : S;";
@@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@ class SetBindGroupPersistenceValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
             }
         }
 
-        ss << "[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {}";
+        ss << "@stage(fragment) fn main() {}";
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, ss.str().c_str());
 
@@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ class BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest : public ValidationTest {
         const char* fsShader,
         std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupLayout> bindGroupLayout) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
@@ -2050,10 +2050,10 @@ class BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest : public ValidationTest {
                 value : vec2<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
-            [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
+            @group(1) @binding(0) var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var val : vec2<f32> = sBufferDynamic.value;
                 val = sReadonlyBufferDynamic.value;
             })",
@@ -2085,10 +2085,10 @@ class BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest : public ValidationTest {
                 value : vec2<f32>;
             };
 
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
-            [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> sBufferDynamic : S;
+            @group(1) @binding(0) var<storage, read> sReadonlyBufferDynamic : S;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(4, 4, 1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(4, 4, 1) fn main() {
                 var val : vec2<f32> = sBufferDynamic.value;
                 val = sReadonlyBufferDynamic.value;
             })",
@@ -2130,13 +2130,13 @@ TEST_F(BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest, ROStorageInBGLWithRWStorageInShader) {
 
 TEST_F(BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest, TextureViewDimension) {
     constexpr char kTexture2DShaderFS[] = R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })";
     constexpr char kTexture2DShaderCS[] = R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })";
 
@@ -2169,13 +2169,13 @@ TEST_F(BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest, TextureViewDimension) {
                                       wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2DArray}})}));
 
     constexpr char kTexture2DArrayShaderFS[] = R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d_array<f32>;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d_array<f32>;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })";
     constexpr char kTexture2DArrayShaderCS[] = R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d_array<f32>;
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d_array<f32>;
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })";
 
@@ -2216,16 +2216,16 @@ TEST_F(BindGroupLayoutCompatibilityTest, ExternalTextureBindGroupLayoutCompatibi
 
     // Test that an external texture binding works with a texture_external in the shader.
     CreateFSRenderPipeline(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myExternalTexture: texture_external;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myExternalTexture: texture_external;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = myExternalTexture;
             })",
                            {bgl});
 
     // Test that an external texture binding doesn't work with a texture_2d<f32> in the shader.
     ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(CreateFSRenderPipeline(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = myTexture;
             })",
                                                {bgl}));
@@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ class SamplerTypeBindingTest : public ValidationTest {
     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateFragmentPipeline(wgpu::BindGroupLayout* bindGroupLayout,
                                                 const char* fragmentSource) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>();
             })");
 
@@ -2455,8 +2455,8 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
             device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })");
     }
@@ -2467,8 +2467,8 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
             device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })");
     }
@@ -2479,8 +2479,8 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
             device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Comparison}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })");
     }
@@ -2491,8 +2491,8 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
             device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering}});
 
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })"));
     }
@@ -2503,8 +2503,8 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
             device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering}});
 
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })"));
     }
@@ -2515,8 +2515,8 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
             device, {{0, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Comparison}});
 
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })"));
     }
@@ -2528,9 +2528,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0));
             })");
     }
@@ -2542,9 +2542,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0));
             })");
     }
@@ -2556,9 +2556,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_depth_2d;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_depth_2d;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0));
             })");
     }
@@ -2570,9 +2570,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_depth_2d;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_depth_2d;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0));
             })");
     }
@@ -2584,9 +2584,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_depth_2d;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler_comparison;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_depth_2d;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSampleCompare(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0), 0.0);
             })");
     }
@@ -2598,9 +2598,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::UnfilterableFloat}});
 
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0));
             })"));
     }
@@ -2612,9 +2612,9 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTypeBindingTest, ShaderAndBGLMatches) {
                      {1, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment, wgpu::TextureSampleType::UnfilterableFloat}});
 
         CreateFragmentPipeline(&bindGroupLayout, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var myTexture: texture_2d<f32>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0));
             })");
     }

src/tests/unittests/validation/ComputeIndirectValidationTests.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class ComputeIndirectValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule computeModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             })");
 
         // Set up compute pipeline

src/tests/unittests/validation/ComputeValidationTests.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ComputeValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule computeModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             })");
 
         // Set up compute pipeline

src/tests/unittests/validation/DrawIndirectValidationTests.cpp

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ class DrawIndirectValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32>{
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32>{
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
             })");
 

src/tests/unittests/validation/DrawVertexAndIndexBufferOOBValidationTests.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace {
             renderPass = utils::CreateBasicRenderPass(device, kRTSize, kRTSize);
 
             fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
         }
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ namespace {
 
             for (auto buffer : bufferDescList) {
                 for (auto attr : buffer.attributes) {
-                    // [[location({shaderLocation})]] var_{id} : {typeString},
-                    inputStringStream << "[[location(" << attr.shaderLocation << ")]] var_"
+                    // @location({shaderLocation}) var_{id} : {typeString},
+                    inputStringStream << "@location(" << attr.shaderLocation << ") var_"
                                       << attributeCount << " : vec4<f32>,";
                     attributeCount++;
                 }
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ namespace {
             std::stringstream shaderStringStream;
 
             shaderStringStream << R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
+            @stage(vertex)
             fn main()" << inputStringStream.str()
-                               << R"() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                               << R"() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })";
 

src/tests/unittests/validation/GetBindGroupLayoutValidationTests.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class GetBindGroupLayoutTests : public ValidationTest {
   protected:
     wgpu::RenderPipeline RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(const char* shader) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, SameObject) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniform0 : S;
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniform1 : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniform0 : S;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniform1 : S;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniform0.pos;
             pos = uniform1.pos;
             return vec4<f32>();
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, SameObject) {
         struct S2 {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(2), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniform2 : S2;
+        @group(2) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniform2 : S2;
 
         struct S3 {
             pos : mat4x4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(3), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> storage3 : S3;
+        @group(3) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> storage3 : S3;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos_u : vec4<f32> = uniform2.pos;
             var pos_s : mat4x4<f32> = storage3.pos;
         })");
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DefaultBindGroupLayoutPipelineCompatibility) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DefaultShaderStageAndDynamicOffsets) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -176,51 +176,51 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DefaultTextureSampleType) {
                   wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering}});
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule emptyVertexModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var mySampler : sampler;
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler : sampler;
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             _ = myTexture;
             _ = mySampler;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule textureLoadVertexModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var mySampler : sampler;
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler : sampler;
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             textureLoad(myTexture, vec2<i32>(), 0);
             _ = mySampler;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule textureSampleVertexModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var mySampler : sampler;
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler : sampler;
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             textureSampleLevel(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>(), 0.0);
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule unusedTextureFragmentModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var mySampler : sampler;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler : sampler;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             _ = myTexture;
             _ = mySampler;
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule textureLoadFragmentModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var mySampler : sampler;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler : sampler;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureLoad(myTexture, vec2<i32>(), 0);
             _ = mySampler;
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule textureSampleFragmentModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var mySampler : sampler;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var mySampler : sampler;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureSample(myTexture, mySampler, vec2<f32>());
         })");
 
@@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ComputePipeline) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             struct S {
                 pos : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = ssbo.pos;
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -360,9 +360,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             struct S {
                 pos : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
             struct S {
                 pos : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> ssbo : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> ssbo : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = ssbo.pos;
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
     {
         binding.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::UnfilterableFloat;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
     {
         binding.texture.multisampled = true;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_multisampled_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_multisampled_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -414,9 +414,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingType) {
     {
         binding.sampler.type = wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 _ = mySampler;
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -442,9 +442,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ExternalTextureBindingType) {
 
     binding.nextInChain = &utils::kExternalTextureBindingLayout;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myExternalTexture: texture_external;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myExternalTexture: texture_external;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                _ = myExternalTexture;
             })");
     EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
     {
         binding.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e1D;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_1d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_1d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -482,9 +482,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
     {
         binding.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -494,9 +494,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
     {
         binding.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2DArray;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d_array<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d_array<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -506,9 +506,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
     {
         binding.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e3D;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_3d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_3d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -518,9 +518,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
     {
         binding.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::Cube;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_cube<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_cube<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -530,9 +530,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ViewDimension) {
     {
         binding.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::CubeArray;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_cube_array<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_cube_array<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -558,9 +558,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, TextureComponentType) {
     {
         binding.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::UnfilterableFloat;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -570,9 +570,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, TextureComponentType) {
     {
         binding.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Sint;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<i32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<i32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -582,9 +582,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, TextureComponentType) {
     {
         binding.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Uint;
         wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<u32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<u32>;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(myTexture);
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -615,9 +615,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingIndices) {
             struct S {
                 pos : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -630,9 +630,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingIndices) {
             struct S {
                 pos : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
         EXPECT_TRUE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -645,9 +645,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, BindingIndices) {
             struct S {
                 pos : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             })");
         EXPECT_FALSE(dawn::native::BindGroupLayoutBindingsEqualForTesting(
@@ -661,10 +661,10 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DuplicateBinding) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniform0 : S;
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniform1 : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniform0 : S;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniform1 : S;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniform0.pos;
             pos = uniform1.pos;
             return vec4<f32>();
@@ -674,9 +674,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, DuplicateBinding) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -700,9 +700,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         struct S {
             pos : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos : f32 = uniforms.pos;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
@@ -711,9 +711,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         struct S {
             pos : mat4x4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos : mat4x4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
@@ -722,9 +722,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         struct S {
             pos : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : f32 = uniforms.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -732,9 +732,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, MinBufferSize) {
         struct S {
             pos : mat4x4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : mat4x4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -793,24 +793,24 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, StageAggregation) {
     DAWN_SKIP_TEST_IF(UsesWire());
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModuleNoSampler = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModuleSampler = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             _ = mySampler;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModuleNoSampler = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModuleSampler = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var mySampler: sampler;
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var mySampler: sampler;
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             _ = mySampler;
         })");
 
@@ -867,9 +867,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingType) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> ubo : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> ubo : S;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = ubo.pos;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
@@ -878,9 +878,9 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingType) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = ssbo.pos;
         })");
 
@@ -895,17 +895,17 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingType) {
 // Test it is invalid to have conflicting binding texture multisampling in the shaders.
 TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingTextureMultisampling) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_multisampled_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_multisampled_2d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })");
 
@@ -920,17 +920,17 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingTextureMultisampling) {
 // Test it is invalid to have conflicting binding texture dimension in the shaders.
 TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingViewDimension) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_3d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_3d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })");
 
@@ -945,17 +945,17 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingViewDimension) {
 // Test it is invalid to have conflicting binding texture component type in the shaders.
 TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingTextureComponentType) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<f32>;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<i32>;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<i32>;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             textureDimensions(myTexture);
         })");
 
@@ -970,12 +970,12 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, ConflictingBindingTextureComponentType) {
 // Test it is an error to query an out of range bind group layout.
 TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, OutOfRangeIndex) {
     ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })")
                             .GetBindGroupLayout(kMaxBindGroups));
 
     ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(RenderPipelineFromFragmentShader(R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })")
                             .GetBindGroupLayout(kMaxBindGroups + 1));
 }
@@ -991,10 +991,10 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, UnusedIndex) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms0 : S;
-        [[group(2), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms2 : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms0 : S;
+        @group(2) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms2 : S;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms0.pos;
             pos = uniforms2.pos;
         })");
@@ -1044,15 +1044,15 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, Reflection) {
         struct S {
             pos : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             var pos : vec4<f32> = uniforms.pos;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {
         })");
 
     utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc;
@@ -1085,14 +1085,14 @@ TEST_F(GetBindGroupLayoutTests, FromCorrectEntryPoint) {
         struct Data {
             data : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> data0 : Data;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> data1 : Data;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> data0 : Data;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> data1 : Data;
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn compute0() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn compute0() {
             data0.data = 0.0;
         }
 
-        [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn compute1() {
+        @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn compute1() {
             data1.data = 0.0;
         }
     )");

src/tests/unittests/validation/IndexBufferValidationTests.cpp

@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@
 #include "utils/WGPUHelpers.h"
 
 class IndexBufferValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
-    protected:
+  protected:
     wgpu::RenderPipeline MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat format,
-        wgpu::PrimitiveTopology primitiveTopology) {
+                                          wgpu::PrimitiveTopology primitiveTopology) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ TEST_F(IndexBufferValidationTest, IndexBufferOffsetOOBValidation) {
 // Test that formats given when setting an index buffers must match the format specified on the
 // pipeline for strip primitive topologies.
 TEST_F(IndexBufferValidationTest, IndexBufferFormatMatchesPipelineStripFormat) {
-    wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline32 = MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32,
-                                                       wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleStrip);
-    wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline16 = MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16,
-                                                       wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineStrip);
+    wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline32 =
+        MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32, wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleStrip);
+    wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline16 =
+        MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16, wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineStrip);
     wgpu::RenderPipeline pipelineUndef =
         MakeTestPipeline(wgpu::IndexFormat::Undefined, wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineStrip);
 

src/tests/unittests/validation/LabelTests.cpp

@@ -502,12 +502,12 @@ TEST_F(LabelTest, RenderPipeline) {
     std::string label = "test";
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ TEST_F(LabelTest, ComputePipeline) {
     std::string label = "test";
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule computeModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-    [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+    @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     wgpu::PipelineLayout pl = utils::MakeBasicPipelineLayout(device, nullptr);
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor descriptor;
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ TEST_F(LabelTest, ShaderModule) {
     std::string label = "test";
 
     const char* source = R"(
-    [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+    @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })";
 
     wgpu::ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc;

src/tests/unittests/validation/MinimumBufferSizeValidationTests.cpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace {
         size_t index = 0;
         for (const BindingDescriptor& b : bindings) {
             ostream << "struct S" << index << " { " << b.decl << "};\n";
-            ostream << "[[group(" << b.group << "), binding(" << b.binding << ")]] ";
+            ostream << "@group(" << b.group << ") @binding(" << b.binding << ") ";
             switch (b.type) {
                 case wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform:
                     ostream << "var<uniform> b" << index << " : S" << index << ";\n";
@@ -115,21 +115,21 @@ namespace {
     // Creates a compute shader with given bindings
     std::string CreateComputeShaderWithBindings(const std::vector<BindingDescriptor>& bindings) {
         return kStructs + GenerateBindingString(bindings) +
-               "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1,1,1)]] fn main() {\n" +
+               "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1,1,1) fn main() {\n" +
                GenerateReferenceString(bindings, wgpu::ShaderStage::Compute) + "}";
     }
 
     // Creates a vertex shader with given bindings
     std::string CreateVertexShaderWithBindings(const std::vector<BindingDescriptor>& bindings) {
         return kStructs + GenerateBindingString(bindings) +
-               "[[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {\n" +
+               "@stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {\n" +
                GenerateReferenceString(bindings, wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex) +
                "\n   return vec4<f32>(); " + "}";
     }
 
     // Creates a fragment shader with given bindings
     std::string CreateFragmentShaderWithBindings(const std::vector<BindingDescriptor>& bindings) {
-        return kStructs + GenerateBindingString(bindings) + "[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {\n" +
+        return kStructs + GenerateBindingString(bindings) + "@stage(fragment) fn main() {\n" +
                GenerateReferenceString(bindings, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment) + "}";
     }
 
@@ -565,11 +565,10 @@ TEST_F(MinBufferSizeDefaultLayoutTests, MultipleBindGroups) {
 
 // Test the minimum size computations with manual size/align/stride decorations.
 TEST_F(MinBufferSizeDefaultLayoutTests, NonDefaultLayout) {
-    CheckShaderBindingSizeReflection(
-        {{{0, 0, "[[size(256)]] a : u32; b : u32;", "u32", "a", 260},
-          {0, 1, "c : u32; [[align(16)]] d : u32;", "u32", "c", 20},
-          {0, 2, "d : [[stride(40)]] array<u32, 3>;", "u32", "d[0]", 120},
-          {0, 3, "e : [[stride(40)]] array<u32>;", "u32", "e[0]", 40}}});
+    CheckShaderBindingSizeReflection({{{0, 0, "@size(256) a : u32; b : u32;", "u32", "a", 260},
+                                       {0, 1, "c : u32; @align(16) d : u32;", "u32", "c", 20},
+                                       {0, 2, "d : @stride(40) array<u32, 3>;", "u32", "d[0]", 120},
+                                       {0, 3, "e : @stride(40) array<u32>;", "u32", "e[0]", 40}}});
 }
 
 // Minimum size should be the max requirement of both vertex and fragment stages.

src/tests/unittests/validation/MultipleDeviceTests.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ TEST_F(MultipleDeviceTest, ValidatesSameDevice) {
 TEST_F(MultipleDeviceTest, ValidatesSameDeviceCreatePipelineAsync) {
     wgpu::ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc = {};
     wgslDesc.source = R"(
-         [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)]] fn main() {
+         @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1) fn main() {
         }
     )";
 

src/tests/unittests/validation/OverridableConstantsValidationTests.cpp

@@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ class ComputePipelineOverridableConstantsValidationTest : public ValidationTest
   protected:
     void SetUpShadersWithDefaultValueConstants() {
         computeModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[override]] let c0: bool = true;      // type: bool
-[[override]] let c1: bool = false;      // default override
-[[override]] let c2: f32 = 0.0;         // type: float32
-[[override]] let c3: f32 = 0.0;         // default override
-[[override]] let c4: f32 = 4.0;         // default
-[[override]] let c5: i32 = 0;           // type: int32
-[[override]] let c6: i32 = 0;           // default override
-[[override]] let c7: i32 = 7;           // default
-[[override]] let c8: u32 = 0u;          // type: uint32
-[[override]] let c9: u32 = 0u;          // default override
-[[override(1000)]] let c10: u32 = 10u;  // default
+@override let c0: bool = true;      // type: bool
+@override let c1: bool = false;      // default override
+@override let c2: f32 = 0.0;         // type: float32
+@override let c3: f32 = 0.0;         // default override
+@override let c4: f32 = 4.0;         // default
+@override let c5: i32 = 0;           // type: int32
+@override let c6: i32 = 0;           // default override
+@override let c7: i32 = 7;           // default
+@override let c8: u32 = 0u;          // type: uint32
+@override let c9: u32 = 0u;          // default override
+@override(1000) let c10: u32 = 10u;  // default
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     // make sure the overridable constants are not optimized out
     _ = u32(c0);
     _ = u32(c1);
@@ -50,19 +50,19 @@ class ComputePipelineOverridableConstantsValidationTest : public ValidationTest
 
     void SetUpShadersWithUninitializedConstants() {
         computeModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[override]] let c0: bool;              // type: bool
-[[override]] let c1: bool = false;      // default override
-[[override]] let c2: f32;               // type: float32
-[[override]] let c3: f32 = 0.0;         // default override
-[[override]] let c4: f32 = 4.0;         // default
-[[override]] let c5: i32;               // type: int32
-[[override]] let c6: i32 = 0;           // default override
-[[override]] let c7: i32 = 7;           // default
-[[override]] let c8: u32;               // type: uint32
-[[override]] let c9: u32 = 0u;          // default override
-[[override(1000)]] let c10: u32 = 10u;  // default
+@override let c0: bool;              // type: bool
+@override let c1: bool = false;      // default override
+@override let c2: f32;               // type: float32
+@override let c3: f32 = 0.0;         // default override
+@override let c4: f32 = 4.0;         // default
+@override let c5: i32;               // type: int32
+@override let c6: i32 = 0;           // default override
+@override let c7: i32 = 7;           // default
+@override let c8: u32;               // type: uint32
+@override let c9: u32 = 0u;          // default override
+@override(1000) let c10: u32 = 10u;  // default
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     // make sure the overridable constants are not optimized out
     _ = u32(c0);
     _ = u32(c1);

src/tests/unittests/validation/PipelineAndPassCompatibilityTests.cpp

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ namespace {
             // Create a NoOp pipeline
             utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
             pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
             pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 })");
             pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.targets = nullptr;
             pipelineDescriptor.cFragment.targetCount = 0;

src/tests/unittests/validation/QueueSubmitValidationTests.cpp

@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ namespace {
         };
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ namespace {
 
         wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
             })");
         descriptor.compute.entryPoint = "main";
         device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(&descriptor, callback, &callbackData);
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace {
         cpDesc.layout = utils::MakePipelineLayout(device, {emptyBGL, testBGL});
         cpDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
         cpDesc.compute.module =
-            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {}");
+            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {}");
         wgpu::ComputePipeline pipeline = device.CreateComputePipeline(&cpDesc);
 
         wgpu::BufferDescriptor bufDesc;
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace {
         cpDesc.layout = utils::MakePipelineLayout(device, {emptyBGL, emptyBGL, testBGL});
         cpDesc.compute.entryPoint = "main";
         cpDesc.compute.module =
-            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {}");
+            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {}");
         wgpu::ComputePipeline pipeline = device.CreateComputePipeline(&cpDesc);
 
         wgpu::TextureDescriptor texDesc;

src/tests/unittests/validation/RenderBundleValidationTests.cpp

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ namespace {
                 struct S {
                     transform : mat2x2<f32>;
                 };
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : S;
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : S;
 
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec2<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main(@location(0) pos : vec2<f32>) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ namespace {
                 struct Uniforms {
                     color : vec4<f32>;
                 };
-                [[group(1), binding(0)]] var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
+                @group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms : Uniforms;
 
                 struct Storage {
                     dummy : array<f32>;
                 };
-                [[group(1), binding(1)]] var<storage, read_write> ssbo : Storage;
+                @group(1) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> ssbo : Storage;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 })");
 
             wgpu::BindGroupLayout bgls[] = {

src/tests/unittests/validation/RenderPipelineValidationTests.cpp

@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@ class RenderPipelineValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
         fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
         fsModuleUint = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<u32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<u32> {
                 return vec4<u32>(0u, 255u, 0u, 255u);
             })");
     }
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, FragmentOutputFormatCompatibility) {
         descriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
         std::ostringstream stream;
         stream << R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<)"
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<)"
                << kScalarTypes[i] << R"(> {
                 var result : vec4<)"
                << kScalarTypes[i] << R"(>;
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, FragmentOutputComponentCountCompatibility)
 
         std::ostringstream stream;
         stream << R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] )";
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) )";
         switch (componentCount) {
             case 1:
                 stream << R"(f32 {
@@ -737,10 +737,10 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, TextureComponentTypeCompatibility) {
 
             std::ostringstream stream;
             stream << R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : texture_2d<)"
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : texture_2d<)"
                    << kScalarTypes[i] << R"(>;
 
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                     textureDimensions(myTexture);
                 })";
             descriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, stream.str().c_str());
@@ -787,9 +787,9 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, TextureViewDimensionCompatibility) {
 
             std::ostringstream stream;
             stream << R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var myTexture : )"
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var myTexture : )"
                    << kTextureKeywords[i] << R"(<f32>;
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                     textureDimensions(myTexture);
                 })";
             descriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, stream.str().c_str());
@@ -816,8 +816,8 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, StorageBufferInVertexShaderNoLayout) {
         struct Dst {
             data : array<u32, 100>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> dst : Dst;
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> dst : Dst;
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             dst.data[VertexIndex] = 0x1234u;
             return vec4<f32>();
         })");
@@ -918,11 +918,11 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, DepthCompareUndefinedIsError) {
 // Test that the entryPoint names must be present for the correct stage in the shader module.
 TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, EntryPointNameValidation) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex_main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex_main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragment_main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn fragment_main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         }
     )");
@@ -964,12 +964,12 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, EntryPointNameValidation) {
 // Test that vertex attrib validation is for the correct entryPoint
 TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, VertexAttribCorrectEntryPoint) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex0([[location(0)]] attrib0 : vec4<f32>)
-                                    -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex0(@location(0) attrib0 : vec4<f32>)
+                                    -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return attrib0;
         }
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex1([[location(1)]] attrib1 : vec4<f32>)
-                                    -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex1(@location(1) attrib1 : vec4<f32>)
+                                    -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return attrib1;
         }
     )");
@@ -1006,10 +1006,10 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, VertexAttribCorrectEntryPoint) {
 // Test that fragment output validation is for the correct entryPoint
 TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, FragmentOutputCorrectEntryPoint) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragmentFloat() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn fragmentFloat() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         }
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn fragmentUint() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<u32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn fragmentUint() -> @location(0) vec4<u32> {
             return vec4<u32>(0u, 0u, 0u, 0u);
         }
     )");
@@ -1040,33 +1040,33 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, FragmentOutputCorrectEntryPoint) {
 // Test that unwritten fragment outputs must have a write mask of 0.
 TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, UnwrittenFragmentOutputsMask0) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>();
         }
     )");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModuleWriteNone = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {}
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() {}
     )");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModuleWrite0 = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>();
         }
     )");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModuleWrite1 = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(1)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(1) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>();
         }
     )");
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule fsModuleWriteBoth = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
         struct FragmentOut {
-            [[location(0)]] target0 : vec4<f32>;
-            [[location(1)]] target1 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(0) target0 : vec4<f32>;
+            @location(1) target1 : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> FragmentOut {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> FragmentOut {
             var out : FragmentOut;
             return out;
         }
@@ -1175,13 +1175,13 @@ TEST_F(RenderPipelineValidationTest, BindingsFromCorrectEntryPoint) {
         struct Uniforms {
             data : vec4<f32>;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> var0 : Uniforms;
-        [[group(0), binding(1)]] var<uniform> var1 : Uniforms;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> var0 : Uniforms;
+        @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> var1 : Uniforms;
 
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex0() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex0() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return var0.data;
         }
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn vertex1() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn vertex1() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return var1.data;
         }
     )");
@@ -1272,34 +1272,34 @@ class InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest : public RenderPipelineValidation
 TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, MissingDeclarationAtSameLocation) {
     wgpu::ShaderModule vertexModuleOutputAtLocation0 = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct A {
-                [[location(0)]] vout: f32;
-                [[builtin(position)]] pos: vec4<f32>;
+                @location(0) vout: f32;
+                @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> A {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> A {
                 var vertexOut: A;
                 vertexOut.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 return vertexOut;
             })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fragmentModuleAtLocation0 = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct B {
-                [[location(0)]] fin: f32;
+                @location(0) fin: f32;
             };
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(fragmentIn: B) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32>  {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main(fragmentIn: B) -> @location(0) vec4<f32>  {
                 return vec4<f32>(fragmentIn.fin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule fragmentModuleInputAtLocation1 = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct A {
-                [[location(1)]] vout: f32;
+                @location(1) vout: f32;
             };
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(vertexOut: A) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32>  {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main(vertexOut: A) -> @location(0) vec4<f32>  {
                 return vec4<f32>(vertexOut.vout, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
     wgpu::ShaderModule vertexModuleOutputAtLocation1 = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             struct B {
-                [[location(1)]] fin: f32;
-                [[builtin(position)]] pos: vec4<f32>;
+                @location(1) fin: f32;
+                @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> B {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> B {
                 var fragmentIn: B;
                 fragmentIn.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 return fragmentIn;
@@ -1334,15 +1334,15 @@ TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, DifferentTypeAtSameLocation) {
         std::string interfaceDeclaration;
         {
             std::ostringstream sstream;
-            sstream << "struct A { [[location(0)]] a: " << kTypes[i] << ";" << std::endl;
+            sstream << "struct A { @location(0) a: " << kTypes[i] << ";" << std::endl;
             interfaceDeclaration = sstream.str();
         }
         {
             std::ostringstream vertexStream;
             vertexStream << interfaceDeclaration << R"(
-                    [[builtin(position)]] pos: vec4<f32>;
+                    @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>;
                 };
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> A {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> A {
                     var vertexOut: A;
                     vertexOut.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                     return vertexOut;
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, DifferentTypeAtSameLocation) {
             std::ostringstream fragmentStream;
             fragmentStream << interfaceDeclaration << R"(
                 };
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(fragmentIn: A) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main(fragmentIn: A) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 })";
             fragmentModules[i] = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentStream.str().c_str());
@@ -1420,9 +1420,9 @@ TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, DifferentInterpolationAttribute
         {
             const auto& interpolationAttribute = validInterpolationAttributes[i];
             std::ostringstream sstream;
-            sstream << "struct A { [[location(0)";
+            sstream << "struct A { @location(0)";
             if (interpolationAttribute.interpolationType != InterpolationType::None) {
-                sstream << ", interpolate("
+                sstream << " @interpolate("
                         << kInterpolationTypeString[static_cast<uint8_t>(
                                interpolationAttribute.interpolationType)];
                 if (interpolationAttribute.interpolationSampling != InterpolationSampling::None) {
@@ -1432,15 +1432,15 @@ TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, DifferentInterpolationAttribute
                 }
                 sstream << ")";
             }
-            sstream << " ]] a : vec4<f32>;" << std::endl;
+            sstream << " a : vec4<f32>;" << std::endl;
             interfaceDeclaration = sstream.str();
         }
         {
             std::ostringstream vertexStream;
             vertexStream << interfaceDeclaration << R"(
-                    [[builtin(position)]] pos: vec4<f32>;
+                    @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>;
                 };
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> A {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> A {
                     var vertexOut: A;
                     vertexOut.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                     return vertexOut;
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, DifferentInterpolationAttribute
             std::ostringstream fragmentStream;
             fragmentStream << interfaceDeclaration << R"(
                 };
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(fragmentIn: A) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main(fragmentIn: A) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return fragmentIn.a;
                 })";
             fragmentModules[i] = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentStream.str().c_str());
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ TEST_F(InterStageVariableMatchingValidationTest, DifferentInterpolationAttribute
                                                    attribute.interpolationSampling};
         switch (attribute.interpolationType) {
             // If the interpolation attribute is not specified, then
-            // [[interpolate(perspective, center)]] or [[interpolate(perspective)]] is assumed.
+            // @interpolate(perspective, center) or @interpolate(perspective) is assumed.
             case InterpolationType::None:
                 appliedAttribute.interpolationType = InterpolationType::Perspective;
                 appliedAttribute.interpolationSampling = InterpolationSampling::Center;

src/tests/unittests/validation/ResourceUsageTrackingTests.cpp

@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ namespace {
         // pipeline. But those bind groups in caller can be used for validation for other purposes.
         wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateNoOpRenderPipeline() {
             wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
             wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 })");
             utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
             pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace {
 
         wgpu::ComputePipeline CreateNoOpComputePipeline(std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupLayout> bgls) {
             wgpu::ShaderModule csModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+                @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 })");
             wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
             pipelineDescriptor.layout = utils::MakePipelineLayout(device, std::move(bgls));
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ namespace {
 
             // Create a passthrough render pipeline with a readonly buffer
             wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
@@ -764,8 +764,8 @@ namespace {
                 struct RBuffer {
                     value : f32;
                 };
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read> rBuffer : RBuffer;
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> rBuffer : RBuffer;
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 })");
             utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
             pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
@@ -1573,13 +1573,13 @@ namespace {
         {
             // Create a passthrough render pipeline with a sampled storage texture
             wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>();
                 })");
 
             wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-                [[group(0), binding(0)]] var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+                @group(0) @binding(0) var tex : texture_2d<f32>;
+                @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 })");
             utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDescriptor;
             pipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;

src/tests/unittests/validation/ShaderModuleValidationTests.cpp

@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, CreationSuccess) {
 // be compiled.
 TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, FragmentOutputLocationExceedsMaxColorAttachments) {
     std::ostringstream stream;
-    stream << "[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(" << kMaxColorAttachments
-           << R"()]]  vec4<f32> {
+    stream << "@stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(" << kMaxColorAttachments << R"() vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })";
     ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, stream.str().c_str()));
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, GetCompilationMessages) {
     DAWN_SKIP_TEST_IF(UsesWire());
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule shaderModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
@@ -219,14 +218,14 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumShaderIOLocations) {
         std::ostringstream stream;
         stream << "struct ShaderIO {" << std::endl;
         for (uint32_t location = 1; location <= maximumOutputLocation; ++location) {
-            stream << "[[location(" << location << ")]] var" << location << ": f32;" << std::endl;
+            stream << "@location(" << location << ") var" << location << ": f32;" << std::endl;
         }
         switch (shaderStage) {
             case wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex: {
                 stream << R"(
-                    [[builtin(position)]] pos: vec4<f32>;
+                    @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>;
                 };
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> ShaderIO {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> ShaderIO {
                     var shaderIO : ShaderIO;
                     shaderIO.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                     return shaderIO;
@@ -236,7 +235,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumShaderIOLocations) {
             case wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment: {
                 stream << R"(
                 };
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(shaderIO: ShaderIO) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main(shaderIO: ShaderIO) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 })";
             } break;
@@ -293,14 +292,13 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
         uint32_t vec4InputLocations = totalUserDefinedInterStageShaderComponentCount / 4;
 
         for (uint32_t location = 0; location < vec4InputLocations; ++location) {
-            stream << "[[location(" << location << ")]] var" << location << ": vec4<f32>;"
+            stream << "@location(" << location << ") var" << location << ": vec4<f32>;"
                    << std::endl;
         }
 
         uint32_t lastComponentCount = totalUserDefinedInterStageShaderComponentCount % 4;
         if (lastComponentCount > 0) {
-            stream << "[[location(" << vec4InputLocations << ")]] var" << vec4InputLocations
-                   << ": ";
+            stream << "@location(" << vec4InputLocations << ") var" << vec4InputLocations << ": ";
             if (lastComponentCount == 1) {
                 stream << "f32;";
             } else {
@@ -312,9 +310,9 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
         switch (shaderStage) {
             case wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex: {
                 stream << R"(
-                    [[builtin(position)]] pos: vec4<f32>;
+                    @builtin(position) pos: vec4<f32>;
                 };
-                [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> ShaderIO {
+                @stage(vertex) fn main() -> ShaderIO {
                     var shaderIO : ShaderIO;
                     shaderIO.pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                     return shaderIO;
@@ -324,7 +322,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
             case wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment: {
                 stream << R"(
                 };
-                [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(shaderIO: ShaderIO) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+                @stage(fragment) fn main(shaderIO: ShaderIO) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                     return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                 })";
             } break;
@@ -350,8 +348,8 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, errorFragmentShader.c_str()));
     }
 
-    // [[position]] should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
-    // Note that in vertex shader we always have [[position]] so we don't need to specify it
+    // @position should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
+    // Note that in vertex shader we always have @position so we don't need to specify it
     // again in the parameter "builtInDeclarations" of generateShaderForTest().
     {
         constexpr uint32_t kInterStageShaderComponentCount = kMaxInterStageShaderComponents - 4;
@@ -361,7 +359,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
 
         std::string fragmentShader =
             generateShaderForTest(kInterStageShaderComponentCount, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment,
-                                  "[[builtin(position)]] fragCoord: vec4<f32>;");
+                                  "@builtin(position) fragCoord: vec4<f32>;");
         utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentShader.c_str());
     }
 
@@ -373,13 +371,13 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
 
         std::string fragmentShader =
             generateShaderForTest(kInterStageShaderComponentCount, wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment,
-                                  "[[builtin(position)]] fragCoord: vec4<f32>;");
+                                  "@builtin(position) fragCoord: vec4<f32>;");
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, fragmentShader.c_str()));
     }
 
-    // [[front_facing]] should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
+    // front_facing should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
     {
-        const char* builtinDeclaration = "[[builtin(front_facing)]] frontFacing : bool;";
+        const char* builtinDeclaration = "@builtin(front_facing) frontFacing : bool;";
 
         {
             std::string fragmentShader =
@@ -395,9 +393,9 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
         }
     }
 
-    // [[sample_index]] should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
+    // @sample_index should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
     {
-        const char* builtinDeclaration = "[[builtin(sample_index)]] sampleIndex: u32;";
+        const char* builtinDeclaration = "@builtin(sample_index) sampleIndex: u32;";
 
         {
             std::string fragmentShader =
@@ -413,9 +411,9 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
         }
     }
 
-    // [[sample_mask]] should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
+    // @sample_mask should be counted into the maximum inter-stage component count.
     {
-        const char* builtinDeclaration = "[[builtin(front_facing)]] frontFacing : bool;";
+        const char* builtinDeclaration = "@builtin(front_facing) frontFacing : bool;";
 
         {
             std::string fragmentShader =
@@ -436,8 +434,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, MaximumInterStageShaderComponents) {
 TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, ComputeWorkgroupSizeLimits) {
     auto MakeShaderWithWorkgroupSize = [this](uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t z) {
         std::ostringstream ss;
-        ss << "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(" << x << "," << y << "," << z
-           << ")]] fn main() {}";
+        ss << "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(" << x << "," << y << "," << z << ") fn main() {}";
         utils::CreateShaderModule(device, ss.str().c_str());
     };
 
@@ -482,7 +479,7 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, ComputeWorkgroupStorageSizeLimits) {
             ss << "var<workgroup> mat4_data: array<mat4x4<f32>, " << mat4_count << ">;";
             body << "_ = mat4_data;";
         }
-        ss << "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() { " << body.str() << " }";
+        ss << "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() { " << body.str() << " }";
         utils::CreateShaderModule(device, ss.str().c_str());
     };
 
@@ -500,16 +497,16 @@ TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, ComputeWorkgroupStorageSizeLimits) {
 // Test that numeric ID must be unique
 TEST_F(ShaderModuleValidationTest, OverridableConstantsNumericIDConflicts) {
     ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[override(1234)]] let c0: u32;
-[[override(1234)]] let c1: u32;
+@override(1234) let c0: u32;
+@override(1234) let c1: u32;
 
 struct Buf {
     data : array<u32, 2>;
 };
 
-[[group(0), binding(0)]] var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> buf : Buf;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     // make sure the overridable constants are not optimized out
     buf.data[0] = c0;
     buf.data[1] = c1;

src/tests/unittests/validation/StorageTextureValidationTests.cpp

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ class StorageTextureValidationTests : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         mDefaultVSModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
         mDefaultFSModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
     }
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ class StorageTextureValidationTests : public ValidationTest {
         }
 
         std::ostringstream ostream;
-        ostream << "[[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : " << imageTypeDeclaration << "<"
+        ostream << "@group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : " << imageTypeDeclaration << "<"
                 << imageFormatQualifier << ", " << access
                 << ">;\n"
-                   "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {\n"
+                   "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {\n"
                    "    textureDimensions(image0);\n"
                    "}\n";
 
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ TEST_F(StorageTextureValidationTests, RenderPipeline) {
     // Write-only storage textures cannot be declared in a vertex shader.
     {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
-            [[stage(vertex)]]
-            fn main([[builtin(vertex_index)]] vertex_index : u32) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+            @stage(vertex)
+            fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 textureStore(image0, vec2<i32>(i32(vertex_index), 0), vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0);
             })");
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ TEST_F(StorageTextureValidationTests, RenderPipeline) {
     // Write-only storage textures can be declared in a fragment shader.
     {
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main([[builtin(position)]] position : vec4<f32>) {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main(@builtin(position) position : vec4<f32>) {
                 textureStore(image0, vec2<i32>(position.xy), vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
             })");
 
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ TEST_F(StorageTextureValidationTests, ComputePipeline) {
     // Write-only storage textures can be declared in a compute shader.
     {
         wgpu::ShaderModule csModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, write>;
 
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main([[builtin(local_invocation_id)]] LocalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_id) LocalInvocationID : vec3<u32>) {
                 textureStore(image0, vec2<i32>(LocalInvocationID.xy), vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
             })");
 
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ TEST_F(StorageTextureValidationTests, ReadWriteStorageTexture) {
     // Read-write storage textures cannot be declared in a vertex shader by default.
     {
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, read_write>;
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, read_write>;
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(image0);
             })"));
     }
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ TEST_F(StorageTextureValidationTests, ReadWriteStorageTexture) {
     // Read-write storage textures cannot be declared in a fragment shader by default.
     {
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, read_write>;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, read_write>;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(image0);
             })"));
     }
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ TEST_F(StorageTextureValidationTests, ReadWriteStorageTexture) {
     // Read-write storage textures cannot be declared in a compute shader by default.
     {
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, read_write>;
-            [[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var image0 : texture_storage_2d<rgba8unorm, read_write>;
+            @stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
                 textureDimensions(image0);
             })"));
     }

src/tests/unittests/validation/UnsafeAPIValidationTests.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ TEST_F(UnsafeAPIValidationTest, PipelineOverridableConstants) {
     {
         wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc = pipelineDescBase;
         pipelineDesc.compute.module =
-            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {}");
+            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {}");
 
         device.CreateComputePipeline(&pipelineDesc);
     }
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ TEST_F(UnsafeAPIValidationTest, PipelineOverridableConstants) {
     // Error case: shader with overridable constant with default value
     {
         ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR(utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-[[override(1000)]] let c0: u32 = 1u;
-[[override(1000)]] let c1: u32;
+@override(1000) let c0: u32 = 1u;
+@override(1000) let c1: u32;
 
-[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {
+@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     _ = c0;
     _ = c1;
 })"));
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ TEST_F(UnsafeAPIValidationTest, PipelineOverridableConstants) {
     {
         wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc = pipelineDescBase;
         pipelineDesc.compute.module =
-            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "[[stage(compute), workgroup_size(1)]] fn main() {}");
+            utils::CreateShaderModule(device, "@stage(compute) @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {}");
         std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants{{nullptr, "c", 1u}};
         pipelineDesc.compute.constants = constants.data();
         pipelineDesc.compute.constantCount = constants.size();

src/tests/unittests/validation/VertexBufferValidationTests.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class VertexBufferValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
         ValidationTest::SetUp();
 
         fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
     }
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@ class VertexBufferValidationTest : public ValidationTest {
 
     wgpu::ShaderModule MakeVertexShader(unsigned int bufferCount) {
         std::ostringstream vs;
-        vs << "[[stage(vertex)]] fn main(\n";
+        vs << "@stage(vertex) fn main(\n";
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bufferCount; ++i) {
             // TODO(cwallez@chromium.org): remove this special handling of 0 once Tint supports
             // trailing commas in argument lists.
             if (i != 0) {
                 vs << ", ";
             }
-            vs << "[[location(" << i << ")]] a_position" << i << " : vec3<f32>\n";
+            vs << "@location(" << i << ") a_position" << i << " : vec3<f32>\n";
         }
-        vs << ") -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {";
+        vs << ") -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {";
 
         vs << "return vec4<f32>(";
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bufferCount; ++i) {

src/tests/unittests/validation/VertexStateValidationTests.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class VertexStateTest : public ValidationTest {
                         const char* vertexSource) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, vertexSource);
         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             }
         )");
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class VertexStateTest : public ValidationTest {
     }
 
     const char* kDummyVertexShader = R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         }
     )";
@@ -97,28 +97,28 @@ TEST_F(VertexStateTest, PipelineCompatibility) {
 
     // Control case: pipeline with one input per attribute
     CreatePipeline(true, state, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-            [[location(0)]] a : vec4<f32>,
-            [[location(1)]] b : vec4<f32>
-        ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(
+            @location(0) a : vec4<f32>,
+            @location(1) b : vec4<f32>
+        ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         }
     )");
 
     // Check it is valid for the pipeline to use a subset of the VertexState
     CreatePipeline(true, state, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-            [[location(0)]] a : vec4<f32>
-        ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(
+            @location(0) a : vec4<f32>
+        ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         }
     )");
 
     // Check for an error when the pipeline uses an attribute not in the vertex input
     CreatePipeline(false, state, R"(
-        [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-            [[location(2)]] a : vec4<f32>
-        ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(vertex) fn main(
+            @location(2) a : vec4<f32>
+        ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         }
     )");
@@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ TEST_F(VertexStateTest, BaseTypeMatching) {
         state.cVertexBuffers[0].attributeCount = 1;
         state.cAttributes[0].format = format;
 
-        std::string shader = "[[stage(vertex)]] fn main([[location(0)]] attrib : " + shaderType +
-                             R"() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        std::string shader = "@stage(vertex) fn main(@location(0) attrib : " + shaderType +
+                             R"() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })";
 
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ TEST_F(VertexStateTest, BaseTypeMatchingForInexistentInput) {
         state.cVertexBuffers[0].attributeCount = 1;
         state.cAttributes[0].format = format;
 
-        std::string shader = R"([[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+        std::string shader = R"(@stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         })";
 

src/tests/white_box/D3D12DescriptorHeapTests.cpp

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class D3D12DescriptorHeapTests : public DawnTest {
 
         mSimpleVSModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-                [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32
-            ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(
+                @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32
+            ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ class D3D12DescriptorHeapTests : public DawnTest {
             struct U {
                 color : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> colorBuffer : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> colorBuffer : U;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return colorBuffer.color;
             })");
     }
@@ -176,13 +176,13 @@ TEST_P(D3D12DescriptorHeapTests, NoSwitchOverSamplerHeap) {
     // sampler bindgroup each draw. After HEAP_SIZE + 1 draws, the heaps WILL NOT switch over
     // because the sampler heap allocations are de-duplicated.
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main() -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");
 
     renderPipelineDescriptor.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 _ = sampler0;
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
             })");
@@ -447,9 +447,9 @@ TEST_P(D3D12DescriptorHeapTests, EncodeManyUBO) {
         struct U {
             heapSize : f32;
         };
-        [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> buffer0 : U;
+        @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> buffer0 : U;
 
-        [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+        @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
             return vec4<f32>(buffer0.heapSize, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         })");
 
@@ -780,11 +780,11 @@ TEST_P(D3D12DescriptorHeapTests, EncodeManyUBOAndSamplers) {
             struct U {
                 transform : mat2x2<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> buffer0 : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> buffer0 : U;
 
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-                [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32
-            ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(
+                @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32
+            ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -796,13 +796,13 @@ TEST_P(D3D12DescriptorHeapTests, EncodeManyUBOAndSamplers) {
             struct U {
                 color : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(1)]] var sampler0 : sampler;
-            [[group(0), binding(2)]] var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
-            [[group(0), binding(3)]] var<uniform> buffer0 : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(1) var sampler0 : sampler;
+            @group(0) @binding(2) var texture0 : texture_2d<f32>;
+            @group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> buffer0 : U;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main(
-                [[builtin(position)]] FragCoord : vec4<f32>
-            ) -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main(
+                @builtin(position) FragCoord : vec4<f32>
+            ) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return textureSample(texture0, sampler0, FragCoord.xy) + buffer0.color;
             })");
 

src/tests/white_box/D3D12ResidencyTests.cpp

@@ -341,9 +341,9 @@ TEST_P(D3D12DescriptorResidencyTests, SwitchedViewHeapResidency) {
     // Fill in a view heap with "view only" bindgroups (1x view per group) by creating a
     // view bindgroup each draw. After HEAP_SIZE + 1 draws, the heaps must switch over.
     renderPipelineDescriptor.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
-            [[stage(vertex)]] fn main(
-                [[builtin(vertex_index)]] VertexIndex : u32
-            ) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(vertex) fn main(
+                @builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32
+            ) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
                 var pos = array<vec2<f32>, 3>(
                     vec2<f32>(-1.0,  1.0),
                     vec2<f32>( 1.0,  1.0),
@@ -356,9 +356,9 @@ TEST_P(D3D12DescriptorResidencyTests, SwitchedViewHeapResidency) {
             struct U {
                 color : vec4<f32>;
             };
-            [[group(0), binding(0)]] var<uniform> colorBuffer : U;
+            @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> colorBuffer : U;
 
-            [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
+            @stage(fragment) fn main() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
                 return colorBuffer.color;
             })");