409 lines
15 KiB
C++
409 lines
15 KiB
C++
//
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// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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//
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// File: str_cat.h
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// This package contains functions for efficiently concatenating and appending
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// strings: `StrCat()` and `StrAppend()`. Most of the work within these routines
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// is actually handled through use of a special AlphaNum type, which was
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// designed to be used as a parameter type that efficiently manages conversion
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// to strings and avoids copies in the above operations.
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//
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// Any routine accepting either a string or a number may accept `AlphaNum`.
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// The basic idea is that by accepting a `const AlphaNum &` as an argument
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// to your function, your callers will automagically convert bools, integers,
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// and floating point values to strings for you.
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//
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// NOTE: Use of `AlphaNum` outside of the //absl/strings package is unsupported
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// except for the specific case of function parameters of type `AlphaNum` or
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// `const AlphaNum &`. In particular, instantiating `AlphaNum` directly as a
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// stack variable is not supported.
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//
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// Conversion from 8-bit values is not accepted because, if it were, then an
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// attempt to pass ':' instead of ":" might result in a 58 ending up in your
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// result.
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//
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// Bools convert to "0" or "1". Pointers to types other than `char *` are not
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// valid inputs. No output is generated for null `char *` pointers.
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//
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// Floating point numbers are formatted with six-digit precision, which is
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// the default for "std::cout <<" or printf "%g" (the same as "%.6g").
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//
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// You can convert to hexadecimal output rather than decimal output using the
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// `Hex` type contained here. To do so, pass `Hex(my_int)` as a parameter to
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// `StrCat()` or `StrAppend()`. You may specify a minimum hex field width using
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// a `PadSpec` enum.
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//
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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#ifndef ABSL_STRINGS_STR_CAT_H_
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#define ABSL_STRINGS_STR_CAT_H_
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#include <array>
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <string>
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#include <type_traits>
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#include <vector>
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#include "absl/base/port.h"
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#include "absl/strings/numbers.h"
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#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
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namespace absl {
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ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
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namespace strings_internal {
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// AlphaNumBuffer allows a way to pass a string to StrCat without having to do
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// memory allocation. It is simply a pair of a fixed-size character array, and
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// a size. Please don't use outside of absl, yet.
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template <size_t max_size>
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struct AlphaNumBuffer {
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std::array<char, max_size> data;
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size_t size;
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};
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} // namespace strings_internal
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// Enum that specifies the number of significant digits to return in a `Hex` or
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// `Dec` conversion and fill character to use. A `kZeroPad2` value, for example,
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// would produce hexadecimal strings such as "0a","0f" and a 'kSpacePad5' value
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// would produce hexadecimal strings such as " a"," f".
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enum PadSpec : uint8_t {
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kNoPad = 1,
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kZeroPad2,
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kZeroPad3,
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kZeroPad4,
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kZeroPad5,
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kZeroPad6,
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kZeroPad7,
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kZeroPad8,
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kZeroPad9,
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kZeroPad10,
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kZeroPad11,
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kZeroPad12,
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kZeroPad13,
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kZeroPad14,
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kZeroPad15,
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kZeroPad16,
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kZeroPad17,
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kZeroPad18,
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kZeroPad19,
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kZeroPad20,
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kSpacePad2 = kZeroPad2 + 64,
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kSpacePad3,
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kSpacePad4,
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kSpacePad5,
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kSpacePad6,
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kSpacePad7,
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kSpacePad8,
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kSpacePad9,
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kSpacePad10,
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kSpacePad11,
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kSpacePad12,
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kSpacePad13,
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kSpacePad14,
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kSpacePad15,
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kSpacePad16,
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kSpacePad17,
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kSpacePad18,
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kSpacePad19,
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kSpacePad20,
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};
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Hex
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// `Hex` stores a set of hexadecimal string conversion parameters for use
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// within `AlphaNum` string conversions.
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struct Hex {
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uint64_t value;
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uint8_t width;
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char fill;
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template <typename Int>
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explicit Hex(
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Int v, PadSpec spec = absl::kNoPad,
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typename std::enable_if<sizeof(Int) == 1 &&
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!std::is_pointer<Int>::value>::type* = nullptr)
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: Hex(spec, static_cast<uint8_t>(v)) {}
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template <typename Int>
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explicit Hex(
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Int v, PadSpec spec = absl::kNoPad,
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typename std::enable_if<sizeof(Int) == 2 &&
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!std::is_pointer<Int>::value>::type* = nullptr)
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: Hex(spec, static_cast<uint16_t>(v)) {}
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template <typename Int>
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explicit Hex(
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Int v, PadSpec spec = absl::kNoPad,
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typename std::enable_if<sizeof(Int) == 4 &&
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!std::is_pointer<Int>::value>::type* = nullptr)
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: Hex(spec, static_cast<uint32_t>(v)) {}
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template <typename Int>
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explicit Hex(
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Int v, PadSpec spec = absl::kNoPad,
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typename std::enable_if<sizeof(Int) == 8 &&
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!std::is_pointer<Int>::value>::type* = nullptr)
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: Hex(spec, static_cast<uint64_t>(v)) {}
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template <typename Pointee>
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explicit Hex(Pointee* v, PadSpec spec = absl::kNoPad)
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: Hex(spec, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(v)) {}
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private:
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Hex(PadSpec spec, uint64_t v)
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: value(v),
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width(spec == absl::kNoPad
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? 1
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: spec >= absl::kSpacePad2 ? spec - absl::kSpacePad2 + 2
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: spec - absl::kZeroPad2 + 2),
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fill(spec >= absl::kSpacePad2 ? ' ' : '0') {}
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};
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Dec
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// `Dec` stores a set of decimal string conversion parameters for use
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// within `AlphaNum` string conversions. Dec is slower than the default
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// integer conversion, so use it only if you need padding.
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struct Dec {
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uint64_t value;
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uint8_t width;
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char fill;
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bool neg;
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template <typename Int>
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explicit Dec(Int v, PadSpec spec = absl::kNoPad,
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typename std::enable_if<(sizeof(Int) <= 8)>::type* = nullptr)
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: value(v >= 0 ? static_cast<uint64_t>(v)
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: uint64_t{0} - static_cast<uint64_t>(v)),
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width(spec == absl::kNoPad
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? 1
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: spec >= absl::kSpacePad2 ? spec - absl::kSpacePad2 + 2
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: spec - absl::kZeroPad2 + 2),
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fill(spec >= absl::kSpacePad2 ? ' ' : '0'),
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neg(v < 0) {}
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};
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// AlphaNum
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// The `AlphaNum` class acts as the main parameter type for `StrCat()` and
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// `StrAppend()`, providing efficient conversion of numeric, boolean, and
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// hexadecimal values (through the `Hex` type) into strings.
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class AlphaNum {
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public:
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// No bool ctor -- bools convert to an integral type.
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// A bool ctor would also convert incoming pointers (bletch).
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AlphaNum(int x) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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: piece_(digits_,
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numbers_internal::FastIntToBuffer(x, digits_) - &digits_[0]) {}
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AlphaNum(unsigned int x) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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: piece_(digits_,
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numbers_internal::FastIntToBuffer(x, digits_) - &digits_[0]) {}
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AlphaNum(long x) // NOLINT(*)
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: piece_(digits_,
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numbers_internal::FastIntToBuffer(x, digits_) - &digits_[0]) {}
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AlphaNum(unsigned long x) // NOLINT(*)
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: piece_(digits_,
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numbers_internal::FastIntToBuffer(x, digits_) - &digits_[0]) {}
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AlphaNum(long long x) // NOLINT(*)
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: piece_(digits_,
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numbers_internal::FastIntToBuffer(x, digits_) - &digits_[0]) {}
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AlphaNum(unsigned long long x) // NOLINT(*)
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: piece_(digits_,
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numbers_internal::FastIntToBuffer(x, digits_) - &digits_[0]) {}
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AlphaNum(float f) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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: piece_(digits_, numbers_internal::SixDigitsToBuffer(f, digits_)) {}
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AlphaNum(double f) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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: piece_(digits_, numbers_internal::SixDigitsToBuffer(f, digits_)) {}
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AlphaNum(Hex hex); // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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AlphaNum(Dec dec); // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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template <size_t size>
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AlphaNum( // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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const strings_internal::AlphaNumBuffer<size>& buf)
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: piece_(&buf.data[0], buf.size) {}
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AlphaNum(const char* c_str) : piece_(c_str) {} // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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AlphaNum(absl::string_view pc) : piece_(pc) {} // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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template <typename Allocator>
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AlphaNum( // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Allocator>& str)
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: piece_(str) {}
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// Use string literals ":" instead of character literals ':'.
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AlphaNum(char c) = delete; // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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AlphaNum(const AlphaNum&) = delete;
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AlphaNum& operator=(const AlphaNum&) = delete;
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absl::string_view::size_type size() const { return piece_.size(); }
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const char* data() const { return piece_.data(); }
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absl::string_view Piece() const { return piece_; }
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// Normal enums are already handled by the integer formatters.
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// This overload matches only scoped enums.
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template <typename T,
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typename = typename std::enable_if<
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std::is_enum<T>{} && !std::is_convertible<T, int>{}>::type>
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AlphaNum(T e) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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: AlphaNum(static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(e)) {}
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// vector<bool>::reference and const_reference require special help to
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// convert to `AlphaNum` because it requires two user defined conversions.
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template <
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typename T,
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typename std::enable_if<
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std::is_class<T>::value &&
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(std::is_same<T, std::vector<bool>::reference>::value ||
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std::is_same<T, std::vector<bool>::const_reference>::value)>::type* =
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nullptr>
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AlphaNum(T e) : AlphaNum(static_cast<bool>(e)) {} // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
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private:
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absl::string_view piece_;
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char digits_[numbers_internal::kFastToBufferSize];
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};
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// StrCat()
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// Merges given strings or numbers, using no delimiter(s), returning the merged
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// result as a string.
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//
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// `StrCat()` is designed to be the fastest possible way to construct a string
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// out of a mix of raw C strings, string_views, strings, bool values,
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// and numeric values.
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//
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// Don't use `StrCat()` for user-visible strings. The localization process
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// works poorly on strings built up out of fragments.
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//
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// For clarity and performance, don't use `StrCat()` when appending to a
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// string. Use `StrAppend()` instead. In particular, avoid using any of these
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// (anti-)patterns:
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//
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// str.append(StrCat(...))
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// str += StrCat(...)
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// str = StrCat(str, ...)
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//
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// The last case is the worst, with a potential to change a loop
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// from a linear time operation with O(1) dynamic allocations into a
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// quadratic time operation with O(n) dynamic allocations.
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//
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// See `StrAppend()` below for more information.
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namespace strings_internal {
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// Do not call directly - this is not part of the public API.
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std::string CatPieces(std::initializer_list<absl::string_view> pieces);
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void AppendPieces(std::string* dest,
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std::initializer_list<absl::string_view> pieces);
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} // namespace strings_internal
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ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT inline std::string StrCat() { return std::string(); }
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ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT inline std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a) {
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return std::string(a.data(), a.size());
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}
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ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b);
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ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
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const AlphaNum& c);
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ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
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const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d);
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// Support 5 or more arguments
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template <typename... AV>
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ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT inline std::string StrCat(
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const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
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const AlphaNum& e, const AV&... args) {
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return strings_internal::CatPieces(
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{a.Piece(), b.Piece(), c.Piece(), d.Piece(), e.Piece(),
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static_cast<const AlphaNum&>(args).Piece()...});
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}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// StrAppend()
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// Appends a string or set of strings to an existing string, in a similar
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// fashion to `StrCat()`.
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//
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// WARNING: `StrAppend(&str, a, b, c, ...)` requires that none of the
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// a, b, c, parameters be a reference into str. For speed, `StrAppend()` does
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// not try to check each of its input arguments to be sure that they are not
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// a subset of the string being appended to. That is, while this will work:
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//
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// std::string s = "foo";
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// s += s;
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//
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// This output is undefined:
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//
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// std::string s = "foo";
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// StrAppend(&s, s);
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//
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// This output is undefined as well, since `absl::string_view` does not own its
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// data:
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//
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// std::string s = "foobar";
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// absl::string_view p = s;
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// StrAppend(&s, p);
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inline void StrAppend(std::string*) {}
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void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a);
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void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b);
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void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
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const AlphaNum& c);
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void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
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const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d);
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// Support 5 or more arguments
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template <typename... AV>
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inline void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
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const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d, const AlphaNum& e,
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const AV&... args) {
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strings_internal::AppendPieces(
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dest, {a.Piece(), b.Piece(), c.Piece(), d.Piece(), e.Piece(),
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static_cast<const AlphaNum&>(args).Piece()...});
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}
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// Helper function for the future StrCat default floating-point format, %.6g
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// This is fast.
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inline strings_internal::AlphaNumBuffer<
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numbers_internal::kSixDigitsToBufferSize>
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SixDigits(double d) {
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strings_internal::AlphaNumBuffer<numbers_internal::kSixDigitsToBufferSize>
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result;
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result.size = numbers_internal::SixDigitsToBuffer(d, &result.data[0]);
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return result;
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}
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ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
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} // namespace absl
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#endif // ABSL_STRINGS_STR_CAT_H_
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