Add EMSCRIPTEN checks

Refactor to remove <Windows.h> from headers
Fix typo
2025-12-08 13:14:57 +00:00 · 2022-08-03 18:11:08 -04:00 · 2022-02-22 00:48:11 -05:00 · 2021-06-30 16:21:37 -04:00 · 2021-06-28 18:58:22 -04:00 · 2021-05-02 15:05:34 -07:00
22 changed files with 760 additions and 917 deletions
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10 FATAL_ERROR) # because of c++17
 project(kabufuda)

-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
-
-include_directories(include)
-set(KABUFUDA_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include CACHE PATH "kabufuda include path" FORCE)
-
-unset(PLAT_SRCS)
-if(WIN32)
-list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS lib/kabufuda/winsupport.cpp include/kabufuda/winsupport.hpp lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOWin32.cpp)
-else()
-list(APPEND PLAT_SRCS lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOPosix.cpp)
+if (NOT MSVC)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 endif()

 add_library(kabufuda STATIC
@@ -23,7 +15,51 @@ add_library(kabufuda STATIC
    include/kabufuda/File.hpp lib/kabufuda/File.cpp
    include/kabufuda/Util.hpp lib/kabufuda/Util.cpp
    include/kabufuda/SRAM.hpp lib/kabufuda/SRAM.cpp
-    include/kabufuda/WideStringConvert.hpp lib/kabufuda/WideStringConvert.cpp
-    ${PLAT_SRCS})
+)
+
+if(WIN32)
+  if (MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(kabufuda PRIVATE
+      # Enforce various standards compliant behavior.
+      $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/permissive->
+
+      # Enable standard volatile semantics.
+      $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/volatile:iso>
+
+      # Reports the proper value for the __cplusplus preprocessor macro.
+      $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/Zc:__cplusplus>
+
+      # Use latest C++ standard.
+      $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/std:c++latest>
+    )
+    if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
+      # Flags for MSVC (not clang-cl)
+      target_compile_options(kabufuda PRIVATE
+        # Allow constexpr variables to have explicit external linkage.
+        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/Zc:externConstexpr>
+
+        # Assume that new throws exceptions, allowing better code generation.
+        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/Zc:throwingNew>
+      )
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  target_sources(kabufuda PRIVATE
+    lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOWin32.cpp
+  )
+elseif(NX OR EMSCRIPTEN)
+  target_sources(kabufuda PRIVATE
+    lib/kabufuda/AsyncIONX.cpp
+  )
+else()
+  target_sources(kabufuda PRIVATE
+    lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOPosix.cpp
+  )
+  if(NOT APPLE)
+    target_link_libraries(kabufuda PUBLIC rt)
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+target_include_directories(kabufuda PUBLIC $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>)

 add_subdirectory(test)
--- a/include/kabufuda/AsyncIO.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/AsyncIO.hpp
@@ -1,47 +1,59 @@
 #pragma once

 #ifndef _WIN32
-#include <aio.h>
+#ifdef __SWITCH__
+#include <sys/types.h>
 using SizeReturn = ssize_t;
 #else
-#include <windows.h>
-using SizeReturn = DWORD;
+#include <aio.h>
+using SizeReturn = ssize_t;
+#endif
+#else
+using SizeReturn = unsigned long;
 #endif

-#include "Util.hpp"
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <vector>

+#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"
+
 namespace kabufuda {
+#if _WIN32
+struct AsyncIOInner;
+#endif

 class AsyncIO {
-#ifndef _WIN32
+#if defined(__SWITCH__) || defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
+  FILE* m_fd;
+#elif !defined(_WIN32)
  int m_fd = -1;
  std::vector<std::pair<struct aiocb, SizeReturn>> m_queue;
 #else
-  HANDLE m_fh = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-  std::vector<std::pair<OVERLAPPED, SizeReturn>> m_queue;
+  AsyncIOInner* m_inner;
 #endif
  void _waitForOperation(size_t qIdx) const;
-  size_t m_maxBlock = 0;
+  mutable size_t m_maxBlock = 0;

 public:
  AsyncIO() = default;
-  AsyncIO(SystemStringView filename, bool truncate = false);
+  explicit AsyncIO(std::string_view filename, bool truncate = false);
  ~AsyncIO();
  AsyncIO(AsyncIO&& other);
  AsyncIO& operator=(AsyncIO&& other);
  AsyncIO(const AsyncIO* other) = delete;
  AsyncIO& operator=(const AsyncIO& other) = delete;
-  void resizeQueue(size_t queueSz) { m_queue.resize(queueSz); }
+  void resizeQueue(size_t queueSz);
  bool asyncRead(size_t qIdx, void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset);
  bool asyncWrite(size_t qIdx, const void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset);
  ECardResult pollStatus(size_t qIdx, SizeReturn* szRet = nullptr) const;
  ECardResult pollStatus() const;
  void waitForCompletion() const;
-#ifndef _WIN32
-  operator bool() const { return m_fd != -1; }
+#if defined(__SWITCH__) || defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
+  explicit operator bool() const { return m_fd != nullptr; }
+#elif !defined(_WIN32)
+  explicit operator bool() const { return m_fd != -1; }
 #else
-  operator bool() const { return m_fh != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; }
+  explicit operator bool() const;
 #endif
 };

--- a/include/kabufuda/BlockAllocationTable.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/BlockAllocationTable.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once

-#include "Constants.hpp"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "kabufuda/Constants.hpp"

 namespace kabufuda {
 class BlockAllocationTable {
@@ -13,9 +15,9 @@ class BlockAllocationTable {
      uint16_t m_updateCounter;
      uint16_t m_freeBlocks;
      uint16_t m_lastAllocated;
-      uint16_t m_map[0xFFB];
+      std::array<uint16_t, 0xFFB> m_map;
    };
-    uint8_t __raw[BlockSize];
+    std::array<uint8_t, BlockSize> raw{};
  };
 #pragma pack(pop)

@@ -25,7 +27,6 @@ class BlockAllocationTable {

 public:
  explicit BlockAllocationTable(uint32_t blockCount = (uint32_t(ECardSize::Card2043Mb) * MbitToBlocks));
-  BlockAllocationTable(uint8_t data[BlockSize]);
  ~BlockAllocationTable() = default;

  uint16_t getNextBlock(uint16_t block) const;
--- a/include/kabufuda/Card.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/Card.hpp
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once

-#include "BlockAllocationTable.hpp"
-#include "Directory.hpp"
-#include "File.hpp"
-#include "Util.hpp"
-#include "AsyncIO.hpp"
-
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <memory>
+
+#include "kabufuda/AsyncIO.hpp"
+#include "kabufuda/BlockAllocationTable.hpp"
+#include "kabufuda/Directory.hpp"
+#include "kabufuda/File.hpp"
+#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"

 #define CARD_FILENAME_MAX 32
 #define CARD_ICON_MAX 8
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ namespace kabufuda {

 class FileHandle {
  friend class Card;
-  uint32_t idx = -1;
+  uint32_t idx = UINT32_MAX;
  int32_t offset = 0;
-  FileHandle(uint32_t idx) : idx(idx) {}
+  explicit FileHandle(uint32_t idx) : idx(idx) {}

 public:
  FileHandle() = default;
  uint32_t getFileNo() const { return idx; }
-  operator bool() const { return getFileNo() != -1; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return getFileNo() != UINT32_MAX; }
 };

 struct ProbeResults {
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ struct CardStat {
  char x0_fileName[CARD_FILENAME_MAX];
  uint32_t x20_length;
  uint32_t x24_time; /* seconds since 01/01/2000 midnight */
-  uint8_t x28_gameName[4];
-  uint8_t x2c_company[2];
+  std::array<uint8_t, 4> x28_gameName;
+  std::array<uint8_t, 2> x2c_company;

  /* read/write (Set by Card::getStatus/Card::setStatus) */
  uint8_t x2e_bannerFormat;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct CardStat {
  /* read-only (Set by Card::getStatus) */
  uint32_t x3c_offsetBanner;
  uint32_t x40_offsetBannerTlut;
-  uint32_t x44_offsetIcon[CARD_ICON_MAX];
+  std::array<uint32_t, CARD_ICON_MAX> x44_offsetIcon;
  uint32_t x64_offsetIconTlut;
  uint32_t x68_offsetData;

@@ -78,33 +78,36 @@ struct CardStat {
 class Card {
 #pragma pack(push, 4)
  struct CardHeader {
-    uint8_t m_serial[12];
-    uint64_t m_formatTime;
-    int32_t m_sramBias;
-    uint32_t m_sramLanguage;
-    uint32_t m_unknown;
-    uint16_t m_deviceId; /* 0 for Slot A, 1 for Slot B */
-    uint16_t m_sizeMb;
-    uint16_t m_encoding;
-    uint8_t __padding[468];
-    uint16_t m_updateCounter;
-    uint16_t m_checksum;
-    uint16_t m_checksumInv;
+    union {
+      struct {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 12> m_serial;
+        uint64_t m_formatTime;
+        int32_t m_sramBias;
+        uint32_t m_sramLanguage;
+        uint32_t m_unknown;
+        uint16_t m_deviceId; /* 0 for Slot A, 1 for Slot B */
+        uint16_t m_sizeMb;
+        uint16_t m_encoding;
+        std::array<uint8_t, 468> padding;
+        uint16_t m_updateCounter;
+        uint16_t m_checksum;
+        uint16_t m_checksumInv;
+      };
+      std::array<uint8_t, BlockSize> raw;
+    };
    void _swapEndian();
  };
-  union {
-    CardHeader m_ch;
-    uint8_t __raw[BlockSize];
-  };
-  CardHeader m_tmpCh;
 #pragma pack(pop)

-  SystemString m_filename;
+  CardHeader m_ch;
+  CardHeader m_tmpCh;
+
+  std::string m_filename;
  AsyncIO m_fileHandle;
-  Directory m_dirs[2];
-  BlockAllocationTable m_bats[2];
-  Directory m_tmpDirs[2];
-  BlockAllocationTable m_tmpBats[2];
+  std::array<Directory, 2> m_dirs;
+  std::array<BlockAllocationTable, 2> m_bats;
+  std::array<Directory, 2> m_tmpDirs;
+  std::array<BlockAllocationTable, 2> m_tmpBats;
  uint8_t m_currentDir;
  uint8_t m_currentBat;

@@ -123,10 +126,6 @@ class Card {

 public:
  Card();
-  /**
-   * @brief Card
-   * @param other
-   */
  Card(const Card& other) = delete;
  Card& operator=(const Card& other) = delete;
  Card(Card&& other);
@@ -134,185 +133,232 @@ public:

  /**
   * @brief Card
-   * @param filepath
-   * @param game
-   * @param maker
+   *
+   * @param game  The game code.
+   * @param maker The maker code.
   */
-  Card(const char* game = nullptr, const char* maker = nullptr);
+  explicit Card(const char* game = nullptr, const char* maker = nullptr);
  ~Card();

  /**
   * @brief openFile
-   * @param filename
+   *
+   * @param[in]  filename  The name of the file to open.
+   * @param[out] handleOut Out reference that will contain the opened file handle.
+   *
+   * @return A result indicating the error status of the operation.
   */
  ECardResult openFile(const char* filename, FileHandle& handleOut);

  /**
   * @brief openFile
-   * @param fileno
+   *
+   * @param[in]  fileno    The file index.
+   * @param[out] handleOut Out reference that will contain the opened file handle.
+   *
+   * @return A result indicating the error status of the operation.
   */
  ECardResult openFile(uint32_t fileno, FileHandle& handleOut);

  /**
   * @brief createFile
-   * @param filename
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @param[in]  filename  The name of the file to create.
+   * @param[out] handleOut Out reference that will contain the handle of the created file.
+   *
+   * @return A result indicating the error status of the operation.
   */
  ECardResult createFile(const char* filename, size_t size, FileHandle& handleOut);

  /**
   * @brief closeFile
+   *
   * @param fh FileHandle to close
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @return READY
   */
  ECardResult closeFile(FileHandle& fh);

  /**
   * @brief firstFile
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @return The first file within this card instance. If
+   *         no file is able to be found, then an invalid
+   *         handle will be returned.
   */
  FileHandle firstFile();

  /**
   * @brief nextFile
-   * @param cur
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @param cur The file handle indicating the current file handle.
+   *
+   * @return The next file within this card. If no file can be found,
+   *         an invalid handle will be returned.
   */
  FileHandle nextFile(const FileHandle& cur);

  /**
   * @brief getFilename
-   * @param fh
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @param fh A valid file handle to retrieve the name of.
+   *
+   * @return Gets the name of the given file.
   */
-  const char* getFilename(const FileHandle& fh);
+  const char* getFilename(const FileHandle& fh) const;

  /**
   * @brief deleteFile
-   * @param fh
+   *
+   * @param fh File handle to delete.
   */
  void deleteFile(const FileHandle& fh);

  /**
   * @brief deleteFile
-   * @param filename
+   *
+   * @param filename The name of the file to delete.
   */
  ECardResult deleteFile(const char* filename);

  /**
   * @brief deleteFile
-   * @param fileno
+   *
+   * @param fileno The file number indicating the file to delete.
   */
  ECardResult deleteFile(uint32_t fileno);

  /**
   * @brief renameFile
-   * @param oldName
-   * @param newName
+   *
+   * @param oldName The old name of the file.
+   * @param newName The new name to assign to the file.
   */
  ECardResult renameFile(const char* oldName, const char* newName);

  /**
   * @brief write
-   * @param fh
-   * @param buf
-   * @param size
+   *
+   * @param fh   A valid file handle to write to.
+   * @param buf  The buffer to write to the file.
+   * @param size The size of the given buffer.
   */
  ECardResult asyncWrite(FileHandle& fh, const void* buf, size_t size);

  /**
   * @brief read
-   * @param fh
-   * @param dst
-   * @param size
+   *
+   * @param fh   A valid file handle to read from.
+   * @param dst  A buffer to read data into.
+   * @param size The size of the buffer to read into.
   */
  ECardResult asyncRead(FileHandle& fh, void* dst, size_t size);

  /**
   * @brief seek
-   * @param fh
-   * @param pos
-   * @param whence
+   *
+   * @param fh     A valid file handle.
+   * @param pos    The position to seek to.
+   * @param whence The origin to seek relative to.
   */
  void seek(FileHandle& fh, int32_t pos, SeekOrigin whence);

  /**
-   * @brief Returns the current offset of the specified file
-   * @param fh The file to retrieve the offset from
-   * @return The offset or -1 if an invalid handle is passed
+   * @brief Returns the current offset of the specified file.
+   *
+   * @param fh The file to retrieve the offset from.
+   *
+   * @return The offset or -1 if an invalid handle is passed.
   */
-  int32_t tell(const FileHandle& fh);
+  int32_t tell(const FileHandle& fh) const;

  /**
   * @brief setPublic
-   * @param fh
-   * @param pub
+   *
+   * @param fh  The file handle to make public.
+   * @param pub Whether or not this file is public (i.e. readable by any game).
   */
  void setPublic(const FileHandle& fh, bool pub);

  /**
   * @brief isPublic
-   * @param fh
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @param fh The file handle to query.
+   *
+   * @return Whether or not this file is public (i.e. readable by any game).
   */
  bool isPublic(const FileHandle& fh) const;

  /**
   * @brief setCanCopy
-   * @param fh
-   * @param copy
+   *
+   * @param fh   The file handle to set as copyable.
+   * @param copy Whether or not to set the file handle as copyable.
   */
  void setCanCopy(const FileHandle& fh, bool copy) const;

  /**
   * @brief canCopy
-   * @param fh
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @param fh The file handle to query.
+   *
+   * @return Whether or not this file handle is copyable by the IPL.
   */
  bool canCopy(const FileHandle& fh) const;

  /**
   * @brief setCanMove
-   * @param fh
-   * @param move
+   *
+   * @param fh   The file handle to set as moveable.
+   * @param move Whether or not to set the file handle as movable.
   */
  void setCanMove(const FileHandle& fh, bool move);

  /**
   * @brief canMove
-   * @param fh
-   * @return
+   *
+   * @param fh The file handle to query.
+   *
+   * @return whether or not the file can be moved by the IPL.
   */
  bool canMove(const FileHandle& fh) const;

  /**
   * @brief getStatus
-   * @param fh Handle of requested file
+   *
+   * @param fh      Handle of requested file
   * @param statOut Structure to fill with file stat
+   *
   * @return NOFILE or READY
   */
  ECardResult getStatus(const FileHandle& fh, CardStat& statOut) const;

  /**
   * @brief getStatus
-   * @param fileNo Number of requested file
+   *
+   * @param fileNo  Number of requested file
   * @param statOut Structure to fill with file stat
+   *
   * @return NOFILE or READY
   */
  ECardResult getStatus(uint32_t fileNo, CardStat& statOut) const;

  /**
   * @brief setStatus
-   * @param fh Handle of requested file
-   * @param statOut Structure to access for file stat
+   *
+   * @param fh   Handle of requested file
+   * @param stat Structure to access for file stat
+   *
   * @return NOFILE or READY
   */
  ECardResult setStatus(const FileHandle& fh, const CardStat& stat);

  /**
   * @brief setStatus
+   *
   * @param fileNo Number of requested file
-   * @param statOut Structure to access for file stat
+   * @param stat   Structure to access for file stat
+   *
   * @return NOFILE or READY
   */
  ECardResult setStatus(uint32_t fileNo, const CardStat& stat);
@@ -337,62 +383,74 @@ public:

  /**
   * @brief Sets the current game, if not null any openFile requests will only return files that match this game
+   *
   * @param game The target game id, e.g "GM8E"
+   *
   * @sa openFile
   */
  void setCurrentGame(const char* game);

  /**
-   * @brief Returns the currently selected game
+   * @brief Returns the currently selected game.
+   *
   * @return The selected game, or nullptr
   */
  const uint8_t* getCurrentGame() const;

  /**
-   * @brief Sets the current maker, if not null any openFile requests will only return files that match this maker
-   * @param maker The target maker id, e.g "01"
+   * @brief Sets the current maker, if not null any openFile requests will only return files that match this maker.
+   *
+   * @param maker The target maker id, e.g "01".
+   *
   * @sa openFile
   */
  void setCurrentMaker(const char* maker);

  /**
-   * @brief Returns the currently selected maker
-   * @return The selected maker, or nullptr
+   * @brief Returns the currently selected maker.
+   *
+   * @return The selected maker, or nullptr.
   */
  const uint8_t* getCurrentMaker() const;

  /**
-   * @brief Retrieves the format assigned serial
-   * @param serial
+   * @brief Retrieves the format assigned serial.
+   *
+   * @param[out] serial Out reference that will contain the serial number.
   */
  void getSerial(uint64_t& serial);

  /**
-   * @brief Retrieves the checksum values of the Card system header
-   * @param checksum The checksum of the system header
-   * @param inverse  The inverser checksum of the system header
+   * @brief Retrieves the checksum values of the Card system header.
+   *
+   * @param checksum The checksum of the system header.
+   * @param inverse  The inverse checksum of the system header.
   */
-  void getChecksum(uint16_t& checksum, uint16_t& inverse);
+  void getChecksum(uint16_t& checksum, uint16_t& inverse) const;

  /**
-   * @brief Retrieves the available storage and directory space
-   * @param bytesNotUsed Number of free bytes out
-   * @param filesNotUsed Number of free files out
+   * @brief Retrieves the available storage and directory space.
+   *
+   * @param bytesNotUsed Number of free bytes out.
+   * @param filesNotUsed Number of free files out.
   */
-  void getFreeBlocks(int32_t& bytesNotUsed, int32_t& filesNotUsed);
+  void getFreeBlocks(int32_t& bytesNotUsed, int32_t& filesNotUsed) const;

  /**
-   * @brief Formats the memory card and assigns a new serial
-   * @param size The desired size of the file @sa ECardSize
-   * @param encoding The desired encoding @sa EEncoding
+   * @brief Formats the memory card and assigns a new serial.
+   *
+   * @param deviceId The slot to format.
+   * @param size     The desired size of the file @sa ECardSize.
+   * @param encoding The desired encoding @sa EEncoding.
   */
  void format(ECardSlot deviceId, ECardSize size = ECardSize::Card2043Mb, EEncoding encoding = EEncoding::ASCII);

  /**
-   * @brief Returns basic stats about a card image without opening a handle
-   * @return ProbeResults structure
+   * @brief Returns basic stats about a card image without opening a handle.
+   *
+   * @return ProbeResults structure.
   */
-  static ProbeResults probeCardFile(SystemStringView filename);
+  static ProbeResults probeCardFile(std::string_view filename);

  /**
   * @brief Writes any changes to the Card instance immediately to disk. <br />
@@ -401,31 +459,37 @@ public:
  void commit();

  /**
-   * @brief Opens card image (does nothing if currently open path matches)
+   * @brief Opens card image (does nothing if currently open path matches).
   */
-  bool open(SystemStringView filepath);
+  bool open(std::string_view filepath);

  /**
-   * @brief Commits changes to disk and closes host file
+   * @brief Commits changes to disk and closes host file.
   */
  void close();

  /**
-   * @brief Access host filename of card
+   * @brief Access host filename of card.
+   *
+   * @return A view to the card's filename.
   */
-  SystemStringView cardFilename() const { return m_filename; }
+  std::string_view cardFilename() const { return m_filename; }

  /**
-   * @brief Gets card-scope error state
+   * @brief Gets card-scope error state.
+   *
   * @return READY, BROKEN, or NOCARD
   */
  ECardResult getError() const;

  /**
-   * @brief Block caller until any asynchronous I/O operations have completed
+   * @brief Block caller until any asynchronous I/O operations have completed.
   */
  void waitForCompletion() const;

-  operator bool() const { return getError() == ECardResult::READY; }
+  /**
+   * @return Whether or not the card is within a ready state.
+   */
+  explicit operator bool() const { return getError() == ECardResult::READY; }
 };
 } // namespace kabufuda
--- a/include/kabufuda/Constants.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/Constants.hpp
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once

-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "Util.hpp"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"

 namespace kabufuda {
-uint32_t constexpr BlockSize = 0x2000;
-uint32_t constexpr MaxFiles = 127;
-uint32_t constexpr FSTBlocks = 5;
-uint32_t constexpr MbitToBlocks = 0x10;
-uint32_t constexpr BATSize = 0xFFB;
+constexpr uint32_t BlockSize = 0x2000;
+constexpr uint32_t MaxFiles = 127;
+constexpr uint32_t FSTBlocks = 5;
+constexpr uint32_t MbitToBlocks = 0x10;
+constexpr uint32_t BATSize = 0xFFB;

 /**
 * @brief The EPermissions enum
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ enum class ECardSize : uint16_t {
  Card2043Mb = 0x80
 };

-static constexpr uint32_t BannerWidth = 96;
-static constexpr uint32_t BannerHeight = 64;
-static constexpr uint32_t IconWidth = 32;
-static constexpr uint32_t IconHeight = 32;
+constexpr uint32_t BannerWidth = 96;
+constexpr uint32_t BannerHeight = 64;
+constexpr uint32_t IconWidth = 32;
+constexpr uint32_t IconHeight = 32;

 /**
 * @brief The EEncoding enum
--- a/include/kabufuda/Directory.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/Directory.hpp
@@ -1,30 +1,37 @@
 #pragma once

-#include "File.hpp"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "kabufuda/File.hpp"

 namespace kabufuda {
 class Directory {
  friend class Card;
+
 #pragma pack(push, 4)
-  union {
-    struct {
-      File m_files[MaxFiles];
-      uint8_t __padding[0x3a];
-      uint16_t m_updateCounter;
-      uint16_t m_checksum;
-      uint16_t m_checksumInv;
-    };
-    uint8_t __raw[BlockSize];
+  using RawData = std::array<uint8_t, BlockSize>;
+  struct Data {
+    File m_files[MaxFiles];
+    uint8_t padding[0x3a];
+    uint16_t m_updateCounter;
+    uint16_t m_checksum;
+    uint16_t m_checksumInv;
  };
 #pragma pack(pop)

+
+  union {
+    Data data;
+    RawData raw;
+  };
+
  void swapEndian();
  void updateChecksum();
  bool valid() const;

 public:
  Directory();
-  Directory(uint8_t data[BlockSize]);
+  explicit Directory(const RawData& rawData);
  ~Directory() = default;

  bool hasFreeFile() const;
@@ -33,6 +40,6 @@ public:
  File* getFirstNonFreeFile(uint32_t start, const char* game, const char* maker);
  File* getFile(const char* game, const char* maker, const char* filename);
  File* getFile(uint32_t idx);
-  int32_t indexForFile(File* f);
+  int32_t indexForFile(const File* f) const;
 };
 } // namespace kabufuda
--- a/include/kabufuda/File.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/File.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once

-#include "Constants.hpp"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "kabufuda/Constants.hpp"

 namespace kabufuda {
 class File {
@@ -8,12 +10,16 @@ class File {
  friend class Directory;
  friend class Card;
 #pragma pack(push, 4)
+  using RawData = std::array<uint8_t, 0x40>;
  union {
    struct {
      uint8_t m_game[4];
      uint8_t m_maker[2];
      uint8_t m_reserved;
      uint8_t m_bannerFlags;
+#if __GNUC__ && !__clang__
+      __attribute__((nonstring))
+#endif
      char m_filename[0x20];
      uint32_t m_modifiedTime;
      uint32_t m_iconAddress;
@@ -26,16 +32,15 @@ class File {
      uint16_t m_reserved2;
      uint32_t m_commentAddr;
    };
-    uint8_t __raw[0x40];
+    RawData raw;
  };
-
 #pragma pack(pop)
  void swapEndian();

 public:
  File();
-  File(char data[0x40]);
-  File(const char* filename);
+  explicit File(const RawData& rawData);
+  explicit File(const char* filename);
  ~File() = default;
 };
 } // namespace kabufuda
--- a/include/kabufuda/SRAM.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/SRAM.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once

-#include <stdint.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>

 // Modified code taken from libogc

@@ -41,7 +42,9 @@ union SRAMFlags {
 };

 union SRAM {
-  uint8_t p_SRAM[64];
+  using FlashID = std::array<std::array<uint8_t, 12>, 2>;
+
+  std::array<uint8_t, 64> p_SRAM;
  struct // Stored configuration value from the system SRAM area
  {
    uint16_t checksum;      // Holds the block checksum.
@@ -55,13 +58,13 @@ union SRAM {
    SRAMFlags flags;        // Device and operations flag

    // Stored configuration value from the extended SRAM area
-    uint8_t flash_id[2][12];    // flash_id[2][12] 96bit memorycard unlock flash ID
-    uint32_t wirelessKbd_id;    // Device ID of last connected wireless keyboard
-    uint16_t wirelessPad_id[4]; // 16-bit device ID of last connected pad.
-    uint8_t dvderr_code;        // last non-recoverable error from DVD interface
-    uint8_t __padding0;         // reserved
-    uint8_t flashID_chksum[2];  // 8-bit checksum of unlock flash ID
-    uint32_t __padding1;        // padding
+    FlashID flash_id;                       // flash_id[2][12] 96bit memorycard unlock flash ID
+    uint32_t wirelessKbd_id;                // Device ID of last connected wireless keyboard
+    std::array<uint16_t, 4> wirelessPad_id; // 16-bit device ID of last connected pad.
+    uint8_t dvderr_code;                    // last non-recoverable error from DVD interface
+    uint8_t __padding0;                     // reserved
+    std::array<uint8_t, 2> flashID_chksum;  // 8-bit checksum of unlock flash ID
+    uint32_t __padding1;                    // padding
  };
 };
 #pragma pack(pop)
--- a/include/kabufuda/Util.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/Util.hpp
@@ -1,37 +1,23 @@
 #pragma once

 #ifndef _WIN32
+#include <cerrno>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/file.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/statvfs.h>
-#include <cerrno>
-#else
-#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1
-#endif
-#ifndef NOMINMAX
-#define NOMINMAX
-#endif
-#include <Windows.h>
-#include <cwchar>
-#include "winsupport.hpp"
-#if UNICODE
-#define CARD_UCS2 1
-#endif
 #endif

-#include <cstdarg>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdio>
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
-#include "WideStringConvert.hpp"
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>

 #undef bswap16
 #undef bswap32
@@ -47,12 +33,12 @@
    using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                                            \
    return type(static_cast<T>(a) & static_cast<T>(b));                                                                \
  }                                                                                                                    \
-  inline type& operator|=(type& a, const type& b) {                                                                    \
+  constexpr type& operator|=(type& a, type b) {                                                                        \
    using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                                            \
    a = type(static_cast<T>(a) | static_cast<T>(b));                                                                   \
    return a;                                                                                                          \
  }                                                                                                                    \
-  inline type& operator&=(type& a, const type& b) {                                                                    \
+  constexpr type& operator&=(type& a, type b) {                                                                        \
    using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                                            \
    a = type(static_cast<T>(a) & static_cast<T>(b));                                                                   \
    return a;                                                                                                          \
@@ -60,6 +46,14 @@
  constexpr type operator~(type key) {                                                                                 \
    using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                                            \
    return type(~static_cast<T>(key));                                                                                 \
+  }                                                                                                                    \
+  constexpr bool True(type key) {                                                                                      \
+    using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                                            \
+    return static_cast<T>(key) != 0;                                                                                   \
+  }                                                                                                                    \
+  constexpr bool False(type key) {                                                                                     \
+    using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                                            \
+    return static_cast<T>(key) == 0;                                                                                   \
  }
 #endif

@@ -67,7 +61,7 @@ namespace kabufuda {

 /* Type-sensitive byte swappers */
 template <typename T>
-static inline T bswap16(T val) {
+constexpr T bswap16(T val) {
 #if __GNUC__
  return __builtin_bswap16(val);
 #elif _WIN32
@@ -78,7 +72,7 @@ static inline T bswap16(T val) {
 }

 template <typename T>
-static inline T bswap32(T val) {
+constexpr T bswap32(T val) {
 #if __GNUC__
  return __builtin_bswap32(val);
 #elif _WIN32
@@ -91,7 +85,7 @@ static inline T bswap32(T val) {
 }

 template <typename T>
-static inline T bswap64(T val) {
+constexpr T bswap64(T val) {
 #if __GNUC__
  return __builtin_bswap64(val);
 #elif _WIN32
@@ -105,47 +99,49 @@ static inline T bswap64(T val) {
 }

 #if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-static inline int16_t SBig(int16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
-static inline uint16_t SBig(uint16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
-static inline int32_t SBig(int32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
-static inline uint32_t SBig(uint32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
-static inline int64_t SBig(int64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
-static inline uint64_t SBig(uint64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
-static inline float SBig(float val) {
-  int32_t ival = bswap32(*((int32_t*)(&val)));
-  return *((float*)(&ival));
+constexpr int16_t SBig(int16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
+constexpr uint16_t SBig(uint16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
+constexpr int32_t SBig(int32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
+constexpr uint32_t SBig(uint32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
+constexpr int64_t SBig(int64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
+constexpr uint64_t SBig(uint64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
+constexpr float SBig(float val) {
+  union { float f; int32_t i; } uval1 = {val};
+  union { int32_t i; float f; } uval2 = {bswap32(uval1.i)};
+  return uval2.f;
 }
-static inline double SBig(double val) {
-  int64_t ival = bswap64(*((int64_t*)(&val)));
-  return *((double*)(&ival));
+constexpr double SBig(double val) {
+  union { double f; int64_t i; } uval1 = {val};
+  union { int64_t i; double f; } uval2 = {bswap64(uval1.i)};
+  return uval2.f;
 }
 #ifndef SBIG
 #define SBIG(q) (((q)&0x000000FF) << 24 | ((q)&0x0000FF00) << 8 | ((q)&0x00FF0000) >> 8 | ((q)&0xFF000000) >> 24)
 #endif

-static inline int16_t SLittle(int16_t val) { return val; }
-static inline uint16_t SLittle(uint16_t val) { return val; }
-static inline int32_t SLittle(int32_t val) { return val; }
-static inline uint32_t SLittle(uint32_t val) { return val; }
-static inline int64_t SLittle(int64_t val) { return val; }
-static inline uint64_t SLittle(uint64_t val) { return val; }
-static inline float SLittle(float val) { return val; }
-static inline double SLittle(double val) { return val; }
+constexpr int16_t SLittle(int16_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr uint16_t SLittle(uint16_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr int32_t SLittle(int32_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr uint32_t SLittle(uint32_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr int64_t SLittle(int64_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr uint64_t SLittle(uint64_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr float SLittle(float val) { return val; }
+constexpr double SLittle(double val) { return val; }
 #ifndef SLITTLE
 #define SLITTLE(q) (q)
 #endif
 #else
-static inline int16_t SLittle(int16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
-static inline uint16_t SLittle(uint16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
-static inline int32_t SLittle(int32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
-static inline uint32_t SLittle(uint32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
-static inline int64_t SLittle(int64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
-static inline uint64_t SLittle(uint64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
-static inline float SLittle(float val) {
+constexpr int16_t SLittle(int16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
+constexpr uint16_t SLittle(uint16_t val) { return bswap16(val); }
+constexpr int32_t SLittle(int32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
+constexpr uint32_t SLittle(uint32_t val) { return bswap32(val); }
+constexpr int64_t SLittle(int64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
+constexpr uint64_t SLittle(uint64_t val) { return bswap64(val); }
+constexpr float SLittle(float val) {
  int32_t ival = bswap32(*((int32_t*)(&val)));
  return *((float*)(&ival));
 }
-static inline double SLittle(double val) {
+constexpr double SLittle(double val) {
  int64_t ival = bswap64(*((int64_t*)(&val)));
  return *((double*)(&ival));
 }
@@ -153,85 +149,23 @@ static inline double SLittle(double val) {
 #define SLITTLE(q) (((q)&0x000000FF) << 24 | ((q)&0x0000FF00) << 8 | ((q)&0x00FF0000) >> 8 | ((q)&0xFF000000) >> 24)
 #endif

-static inline int16_t SBig(int16_t val) { return val; }
-static inline uint16_t SBig(uint16_t val) { return val; }
-static inline int32_t SBig(int32_t val) { return val; }
-static inline uint32_t SBig(uint32_t val) { return val; }
-static inline int64_t SBig(int64_t val) { return val; }
-static inline uint64_t SBig(uint64_t val) { return val; }
-static inline float SBig(float val) { return val; }
-static inline double SBig(double val) { return val; }
+constexpr int16_t SBig(int16_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr uint16_t SBig(uint16_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr int32_t SBig(int32_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr uint32_t SBig(uint32_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr int64_t SBig(int64_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr uint64_t SBig(uint64_t val) { return val; }
+constexpr float SBig(float val) { return val; }
+constexpr double SBig(double val) { return val; }
 #ifndef SBIG
 #define SBIG(q) (q)
 #endif
 #endif

-#if CARD_UCS2
-typedef wchar_t SystemChar;
-static inline size_t StrLen(const SystemChar* str) { return wcslen(str); }
-typedef std::wstring SystemString;
-typedef std::wstring_view SystemStringView;
-static inline void ToLower(SystemString& str) { std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), towlower); }
-static inline void ToUpper(SystemString& str) { std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), towupper); }
-class SystemUTF8Conv {
-  std::string m_utf8;
-
-public:
-  explicit SystemUTF8Conv(SystemStringView str) : m_utf8(WideToUTF8(str)) {}
-  std::string_view str() const { return m_utf8; }
-  const char* c_str() const { return m_utf8.c_str(); }
-  std::string operator+(std::string_view other) const { return m_utf8 + other.data(); }
-};
-inline std::string operator+(std::string_view lhs, const SystemUTF8Conv& rhs) { return std::string(lhs) + rhs.c_str(); }
-class SystemStringConv {
-  std::wstring m_sys;
-
-public:
-  explicit SystemStringConv(std::string_view str) : m_sys(UTF8ToWide(str)) {}
-  SystemStringView sys_str() const { return m_sys; }
-  const SystemChar* c_str() const { return m_sys.c_str(); }
-  std::wstring operator+(const std::wstring_view other) const { return m_sys + other.data(); }
-};
-inline std::wstring operator+(const std::wstring_view lhs, const SystemStringConv& rhs) {
-  return std::wstring(lhs) + rhs.c_str();
-}
-#ifndef _SYS_STR
-#define _SYS_STR(val) L##val
-#endif
-typedef struct _stat Sstat;
+#if _WIN32
+using Sstat = struct ::_stat64;
 #else
-typedef char SystemChar;
-static inline size_t StrLen(const SystemChar* str) { return strlen(str); }
-typedef std::string SystemString;
-typedef std::string_view SystemStringView;
-static inline void ToLower(SystemString& str) { std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), tolower); }
-static inline void ToUpper(SystemString& str) { std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), toupper); }
-class SystemUTF8Conv {
-  std::string_view m_utf8;
-
-public:
-  explicit SystemUTF8Conv(SystemStringView str) : m_utf8(str) {}
-  std::string_view str() const { return m_utf8; }
-  const char* c_str() const { return m_utf8.data(); }
-  std::string operator+(std::string_view other) const { return std::string(m_utf8) + other.data(); }
-};
-inline std::string operator+(std::string_view lhs, const SystemUTF8Conv& rhs) { return std::string(lhs) + rhs.c_str(); }
-class SystemStringConv {
-  SystemStringView m_sys;
-
-public:
-  explicit SystemStringConv(std::string_view str) : m_sys(str) {}
-  SystemStringView sys_str() const { return m_sys; }
-  const SystemChar* c_str() const { return m_sys.data(); }
-  std::string operator+(std::string_view other) const { return std::string(m_sys) + other.data(); }
-};
-inline std::string operator+(std::string_view lhs, const SystemStringConv& rhs) {
-  return std::string(lhs) + rhs.c_str();
-}
-#ifndef _SYS_STR
-#define _SYS_STR(val) val
-#endif
-typedef struct stat Sstat;
+using Sstat = struct stat;
 #endif

 uint64_t getGCTime();
@@ -244,19 +178,11 @@ uint64_t getGCTime();
 #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
 #endif

-static inline int Stat(const SystemChar* path, Sstat* statOut) {
-#if CARD_UCS2
-  size_t pos;
-  for (pos = 0; pos < 3 && path[pos] != L'\0'; ++pos) {}
-  if (pos == 2 && path[1] == L':') {
-    SystemChar fixPath[4] = {path[0], L':', L'/', L'\0'};
-    return _wstat(fixPath, statOut);
-  }
-  return _wstat(path, statOut);
+#if _WIN32
+int Stat(const char* path, Sstat* statOut);
 #else
-  return stat(path, statOut);
+inline int Stat(const char* path, Sstat* statOut) { return stat(path, statOut); }
 #endif
-}

 /**
 * @brief calculateChecksum
--- a/include/kabufuda/WideStringConvert.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/WideStringConvert.hpp
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-
-namespace kabufuda {
-std::string WideToUTF8(std::wstring_view src);
-std::wstring UTF8ToWide(std::string_view src);
-} // namespace kabufuda
--- a/include/kabufuda/winsupport.hpp
+++ b/include/kabufuda/winsupport.hpp
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1
-#endif
-#ifndef NOMINMAX
-#define NOMINMAX 1
-#endif
-#include "windows.h"
-
-void* memmem(const void* haystack, size_t hlen, const void* needle, size_t nlen);
--- a/include/utf8proc.h
+++ b/include/utf8proc.h
@@ -1,308 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2009 Public Software Group e. V., Berlin, Germany
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
- * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
- * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
- * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
- * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
- * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
- * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
- * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-
-/**
- * @mainpage
- *
- * utf8proc is a free/open-source (MIT/expat licensed) C library
- * providing Unicode normalization, case-folding, and other operations
- * for strings in the UTF-8 encoding, supporting Unicode version
- * 7.0.0.  See the utf8proc home page (http://julialang.org/utf8proc/)
- * for downloads and other information, or the source code on github
- * (https://github.com/JuliaLang/utf8proc).
- *
- * For the utf8proc API documentation, see: @ref utf8proc.h
- *
- * The features of utf8proc include:
- *
- * - Transformation of strings (@ref utf8proc_map) to:
- *    - decompose (@ref UTF8PROC_DECOMPOSE) or compose (@ref UTF8PROC_COMPOSE) Unicode combining characters (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_character)
- *    - canonicalize Unicode compatibility characters (@ref UTF8PROC_COMPAT)
- *    - strip "ignorable" (@ref UTF8PROC_IGNORE) characters, control characters (@ref UTF8PROC_STRIPCC), or combining characters such as accents (@ref UTF8PROC_STRIPMARK)
- *    - case-folding (@ref UTF8PROC_CASEFOLD)
- * - Unicode normalization: @ref utf8proc_NFD, @ref utf8proc_NFC, @ref utf8proc_NFKD, @ref utf8proc_NFKC
- * - Detecting grapheme boundaries (@ref utf8proc_grapheme_break and @ref UTF8PROC_CHARBOUND)
- * - Character-width computation: @ref utf8proc_charwidth
- * - Classification of characters by Unicode category: @ref utf8proc_category and @ref utf8proc_category_string
- * - Encode (@ref utf8proc_encode_char) and decode (@ref utf8proc_iterate) Unicode codepoints to/from UTF-8.
- */
-
-/** @file */
-
-#ifndef UTF8PROC_H
-#define UTF8PROC_H
-
-/** @name API version
- *
- * The utf8proc API version MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, following
- * semantic-versioning rules (http://semver.org) based on API
- * compatibility.
- *
- * This is also returned at runtime by @ref utf8proc_version; however, the
- * runtime version may append a string like "-dev" to the version number
- * for prerelease versions.
- *
- * @note The shared-library version number in the Makefile may be different,
- *       being based on ABI compatibility rather than API compatibility.
- */
-/** @{ */
-/** The MAJOR version number (increased when backwards API compatibility is broken). */
-#define UTF8PROC_VERSION_MAJOR 1
-/** The MINOR version number (increased when new functionality is added in a backwards-compatible manner). */
-#define UTF8PROC_VERSION_MINOR 3
-/** The PATCH version (increased for fixes that do not change the API). */
-#define UTF8PROC_VERSION_PATCH 0
-/** @} */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-typedef signed char utf8proc_int8_t;
-typedef unsigned char utf8proc_uint8_t;
-typedef short utf8proc_int16_t;
-typedef unsigned short utf8proc_uint16_t;
-typedef int utf8proc_int32_t;
-typedef unsigned int utf8proc_uint32_t;
-#  ifdef _WIN64
-typedef __int64 utf8proc_ssize_t;
-typedef unsigned __int64 utf8proc_size_t;
-#  else
-typedef int utf8proc_ssize_t;
-typedef unsigned int utf8proc_size_t;
-#  endif
-#  ifndef __cplusplus
-typedef unsigned char utf8proc_bool;
-enum {false, true};
-#  else
-typedef bool utf8proc_bool;
-#  endif
-#else
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#  include <cstdbool>
-#  include <cinttypes>
-#else
-#  include <stdbool.h>
-#  include <inttypes.h>
-#endif
-typedef int8_t utf8proc_int8_t;
-typedef uint8_t utf8proc_uint8_t;
-typedef int16_t utf8proc_int16_t;
-typedef uint16_t utf8proc_uint16_t;
-typedef int32_t utf8proc_int32_t;
-typedef uint32_t utf8proc_uint32_t;
-typedef size_t utf8proc_size_t;
-typedef ssize_t utf8proc_ssize_t;
-typedef bool utf8proc_bool;
-#endif
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#  include <climits>
-#else
-#  include <limits.h>
-#endif
-
-/** @name Error codes
- * Error codes being returned by almost all functions.
- */
-/** @{ */
-/** Memory could not be allocated. */
-#define UTF8PROC_ERROR_NOMEM -1
-/** The given string is too long to be processed. */
-#define UTF8PROC_ERROR_OVERFLOW -2
-/** The given string is not a legal UTF-8 string. */
-#define UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8 -3
-/** The @ref UTF8PROC_REJECTNA flag was set and an unassigned codepoint was found. */
-#define UTF8PROC_ERROR_NOTASSIGNED -4
-/** Invalid options have been used. */
-#define UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDOPTS -5
-/** @} */
-
-#define UTF8PROC_cont(ch)  (((ch) & 0xc0) == 0x80)
-
-/**
- * Reads a single codepoint from the UTF-8 sequence being pointed to by `str`.
- * The maximum number of bytes read is `strlen`, unless `strlen` is
- * negative (in which case up to 4 bytes are read).
- *
- * If a valid codepoint could be read, it is stored in the variable
- * pointed to by `codepoint_ref`, otherwise that variable will be set to -1.
- * In case of success, the number of bytes read is returned; otherwise, a
- * negative error code is returned.
- */
-static inline utf8proc_ssize_t utf8proc_iterate(
-  const utf8proc_uint8_t *str, utf8proc_ssize_t strlen, utf8proc_int32_t *dst
-) {
-  utf8proc_uint32_t uc;
-  const utf8proc_uint8_t *end;
-
-  *dst = -1;
-  if (!strlen) return 0;
-  end = str + ((strlen < 0) ? 4 : strlen);
-  uc = *str++;
-  if (uc < 0x80) {
-    *dst = uc;
-    return 1;
-  }
-  // Must be between 0xc2 and 0xf4 inclusive to be valid
-  if ((uc - 0xc2) > (0xf4-0xc2)) return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-  if (uc < 0xe0) {         // 2-byte sequence
-     // Must have valid continuation character
-     if (!UTF8PROC_cont(*str)) return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-     *dst = ((uc & 0x1f)<<6) | (*str & 0x3f);
-     return 2;
-  }
-  if (uc < 0xf0) {        // 3-byte sequence
-     if ((str + 1 >= end) || !UTF8PROC_cont(*str) || !UTF8PROC_cont(str[1]))
-        return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-     // Check for surrogate chars
-     if (uc == 0xed && *str > 0x9f)
-         return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-     uc = ((uc & 0xf)<<12) | ((*str & 0x3f)<<6) | (str[1] & 0x3f);
-     if (uc < 0x800)
-         return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-     *dst = uc;
-     return 3;
-  }
-  // 4-byte sequence
-  // Must have 3 valid continuation characters
-  if ((str + 2 >= end) || !UTF8PROC_cont(*str) || !UTF8PROC_cont(str[1]) || !UTF8PROC_cont(str[2]))
-     return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-  // Make sure in correct range (0x10000 - 0x10ffff)
-  if (uc == 0xf0) {
-    if (*str < 0x90) return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-  } else if (uc == 0xf4) {
-    if (*str > 0x8f) return UTF8PROC_ERROR_INVALIDUTF8;
-  }
-  *dst = ((uc & 7)<<18) | ((*str & 0x3f)<<12) | ((str[1] & 0x3f)<<6) | (str[2] & 0x3f);
-  return 4;
-}
-
-/**
- * Encodes the codepoint as an UTF-8 string in the byte array pointed
- * to by `dst`. This array must be at least 4 bytes long.
- *
- * In case of success the number of bytes written is returned, and
- * otherwise 0 is returned.
- *
- * This function does not check whether `codepoint` is valid Unicode.
- */
-static inline utf8proc_ssize_t utf8proc_encode_char(utf8proc_int32_t uc, utf8proc_uint8_t *dst) {
-  if (uc < 0x00) {
-    return 0;
-  } else if (uc < 0x80) {
-    dst[0] = uc;
-    return 1;
-  } else if (uc < 0x800) {
-    dst[0] = 0xC0 + (uc >> 6);
-    dst[1] = 0x80 + (uc & 0x3F);
-    return 2;
-  // Note: we allow encoding 0xd800-0xdfff here, so as not to change
-  // the API, however, these are actually invalid in UTF-8
-  } else if (uc < 0x10000) {
-    dst[0] = 0xE0 + (uc >> 12);
-    dst[1] = 0x80 + ((uc >> 6) & 0x3F);
-    dst[2] = 0x80 + (uc & 0x3F);
-    return 3;
-  } else if (uc < 0x110000) {
-    dst[0] = 0xF0 + (uc >> 18);
-    dst[1] = 0x80 + ((uc >> 12) & 0x3F);
-    dst[2] = 0x80 + ((uc >> 6) & 0x3F);
-    dst[3] = 0x80 + (uc & 0x3F);
-    return 4;
-  } else return 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#include <iterator>
-#include <string>
-
-class UTF8Iterator
-{
-    std::string::const_iterator m_it;
-public:
-    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
-    using value_type = uint32_t;
-    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
-    using pointer = uint32_t*;
-    using reference = uint32_t&;
-
-    UTF8Iterator(const std::string::const_iterator& it) : m_it(it) {}
-    UTF8Iterator& operator+=(size_t v)
-    {
-        for (size_t i=0 ; i<v ; ++i)
-        {
-            utf8proc_int32_t dummy;
-            utf8proc_ssize_t sz = utf8proc_iterate(reinterpret_cast<const utf8proc_uint8_t*>(&*m_it), -1, &dummy);
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-            if (*m_it == '\0')
-            {
-                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR! UTF8-iterator null-term fail\n");
-                abort();
-            }
-            else if (sz > 0)
-                m_it += sz;
-            else
-            {
-                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR! UTF8Iterator character fail");
-                abort();
-            }
-#else
-            if (sz > 0)
-                m_it += sz;
-#endif
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-    UTF8Iterator& operator++()
-    {
-        return this->operator+=(1);
-    }
-    UTF8Iterator operator+(size_t v) const
-    {
-        UTF8Iterator ret(m_it);
-        ret += v;
-        return ret;
-    }
-    uint32_t operator*() const
-    {
-        utf8proc_int32_t ret;
-        utf8proc_iterate(reinterpret_cast<const utf8proc_uint8_t*>(&*m_it), -1, &ret);
-        return ret;
-    }
-    std::string::const_iterator iter() const {return m_it;}
-    size_t countTo(std::string::const_iterator end) const
-    {
-        UTF8Iterator it(m_it);
-        size_t ret = 0;
-        while (it.iter() < end)
-        {
-            ++ret;
-            ++it;
-        }
-        return ret;
-    }
-};
-
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
--- a/lib/kabufuda/AsyncIONX.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/AsyncIONX.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "kabufuda/AsyncIO.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace kabufuda {
+
+AsyncIO::AsyncIO(std::string_view filename, bool truncate) { m_fd = fopen(filename.data(), truncate ? "rw" : "ra"); }
+
+AsyncIO::~AsyncIO() {
+  if (*this) {
+    fclose(m_fd);
+  }
+}
+
+AsyncIO::AsyncIO(AsyncIO&& other) {
+  m_fd = other.m_fd;
+  other.m_fd = nullptr;
+  m_maxBlock = other.m_maxBlock;
+}
+
+AsyncIO& AsyncIO::operator=(AsyncIO&& other) {
+  if (*this) {
+    fclose(m_fd);
+  }
+  m_fd = other.m_fd;
+  other.m_fd = nullptr;
+  m_maxBlock = other.m_maxBlock;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void AsyncIO::_waitForOperation(size_t qIdx) const {}
+
+bool AsyncIO::asyncRead(size_t qIdx, void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset) {
+  return fread(buf, length, offset, m_fd);
+}
+
+bool AsyncIO::asyncWrite(size_t qIdx, const void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset) {
+  return fwrite(buf, length, offset, m_fd);
+}
+
+ECardResult AsyncIO::pollStatus(size_t qIdx, SizeReturn* szRet) const { return ECardResult::READY; }
+
+ECardResult AsyncIO::pollStatus() const { return ECardResult::READY; }
+
+void AsyncIO::waitForCompletion() const {}
+
+void AsyncIO::resizeQueue(size_t queueSz) {}
+
+} // namespace kabufuda
--- a/lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOPosix.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOPosix.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 #include "kabufuda/AsyncIO.hpp"

+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
 namespace kabufuda {

-AsyncIO::AsyncIO(SystemStringView filename, bool truncate) {
-  m_fd = open(filename.data(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | (truncate ? O_TRUNC : 0));
+AsyncIO::AsyncIO(std::string_view filename, bool truncate) {
+  m_fd = open(filename.data(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | (truncate ? O_TRUNC : 0), 0644);
 }

 AsyncIO::~AsyncIO() {
@@ -138,4 +142,8 @@ void AsyncIO::waitForCompletion() const {
  const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_maxBlock = 0;
 }

+void AsyncIO::resizeQueue(size_t queueSz) {
+  m_queue.resize(queueSz);
+}
+
 } // namespace kabufuda
--- a/lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOWin32.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/AsyncIOWin32.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,47 @@
 #include "kabufuda/AsyncIO.hpp"

+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1
+#endif
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX 1
+#endif
+#include <Windows.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
+
 namespace kabufuda {

-#undef min
-#undef max
+class WStringConv {
+  std::wstring m_sys;
+
+public:
+  explicit WStringConv(std::string_view str) {
+    int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.data(), str.size(), nullptr, 0);
+    m_sys.assign(len, L'\0');
+    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.data(), str.size(), &m_sys[0], len);
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] std::wstring str() const { return m_sys; }
+  [[nodiscard]] const wchar_t* c_str() const { return m_sys.c_str(); }
+};
+
+int Stat(const char* path, Sstat* statOut) {
+  size_t pos;
+  WStringConv wpath(path);
+  const wchar_t* wpathP = wpath.c_str();
+  for (pos = 0; pos < 3 && wpathP[pos] != L'\0'; ++pos) {}
+  if (pos == 2 && wpathP[1] == L':') {
+    wchar_t fixPath[4] = {wpathP[0], L':', L'/', L'\0'};
+    return _wstat64(fixPath, statOut);
+  }
+  return _wstat64(wpath.c_str(), statOut);
+}
+
+struct AsyncIOInner {
+  HANDLE m_fh = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+  std::vector<std::pair<OVERLAPPED, SizeReturn>> m_queue;
+};

 static void ResetOverlapped(OVERLAPPED& aio, DWORD offset = 0) {
  aio.Internal = 0;
@@ -12,59 +50,70 @@ static void ResetOverlapped(OVERLAPPED& aio, DWORD offset = 0) {
  aio.OffsetHigh = 0;
 }

-AsyncIO::AsyncIO(SystemStringView filename, bool truncate) {
+AsyncIO::AsyncIO(std::string_view filename, bool truncate) : m_inner(new AsyncIOInner) {
 #if WINDOWS_STORE
  CREATEFILE2_EXTENDED_PARAMETERS parms = {};
  parms.dwSize = sizeof(CREATEFILE2_EXTENDED_PARAMETERS);
  parms.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
  parms.dwFileFlags = FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED;
-  m_fh = CreateFile2(filename.data(), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
-                     truncate ? CREATE_ALWAYS : OPEN_ALWAYS, &parms);
+  m_inner->m_fh = CreateFile2(filename.data(), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+                              truncate ? CREATE_ALWAYS : OPEN_ALWAYS, &parms);
 #else
-  m_fh = CreateFileW(filename.data(), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nullptr,
-                     truncate ? CREATE_ALWAYS : OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
+  WStringConv wfilename(filename);
+  m_inner->m_fh =
+      CreateFileW(wfilename.c_str(), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nullptr,
+                  truncate ? CREATE_ALWAYS : OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
 #endif
 }

 AsyncIO::~AsyncIO() {
  if (*this) {
-    if (CancelIoEx(m_fh, nullptr))
+    if (CancelIoEx(m_inner->m_fh, nullptr))
      waitForCompletion();
-    CloseHandle(m_fh);
+    CloseHandle(m_inner->m_fh);
  }
+  delete m_inner;
 }

 AsyncIO::AsyncIO(AsyncIO&& other) {
-  m_fh = other.m_fh;
-  other.m_fh = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-  m_queue = std::move(other.m_queue);
+  if (*this) {
+    if (CancelIoEx(m_inner->m_fh, nullptr))
+      waitForCompletion();
+    CloseHandle(m_inner->m_fh);
+  }
+  delete m_inner;
+  m_inner = other.m_inner;
+  other.m_inner = nullptr;
  m_maxBlock = other.m_maxBlock;
 }

 AsyncIO& AsyncIO::operator=(AsyncIO&& other) {
  if (*this) {
-    if (CancelIoEx(m_fh, nullptr))
+    if (CancelIoEx(m_inner->m_fh, nullptr))
      waitForCompletion();
-    CloseHandle(m_fh);
+    CloseHandle(m_inner->m_fh);
  }
-  m_fh = other.m_fh;
-  other.m_fh = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-  m_queue = std::move(other.m_queue);
+  delete m_inner;
+  m_inner = other.m_inner;
+  other.m_inner = nullptr;
  m_maxBlock = other.m_maxBlock;
  return *this;
 }

 void AsyncIO::_waitForOperation(size_t qIdx) const {
-  auto& aio = const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_queue[qIdx];
+  if (m_inner == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  auto& aio = m_inner->m_queue[qIdx];
  if (aio.first.hEvent == 0)
    return;
-  GetOverlappedResult(m_fh, &aio.first, &aio.second, TRUE);
+  GetOverlappedResult(m_inner->m_fh, &aio.first, &aio.second, TRUE);
  CloseHandle(aio.first.hEvent);
  aio.first.hEvent = 0;
 }

 bool AsyncIO::asyncRead(size_t qIdx, void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset) {
-  OVERLAPPED& aio = m_queue[qIdx].first;
+  OVERLAPPED& aio = m_inner->m_queue[qIdx].first;
  if (aio.hEvent) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: synchronous kabufuda fallback, check access polling\n");
@@ -75,12 +124,12 @@ bool AsyncIO::asyncRead(size_t qIdx, void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset) {
  }
  ResetOverlapped(aio, DWORD(offset));
  m_maxBlock = std::max(m_maxBlock, qIdx + 1);
-  BOOL res = ReadFile(m_fh, buf, length, nullptr, &aio);
+  BOOL res = ReadFile(m_inner->m_fh, buf, length, nullptr, &aio);
  return res == TRUE || GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING;
 }

 bool AsyncIO::asyncWrite(size_t qIdx, const void* buf, size_t length, off_t offset) {
-  OVERLAPPED& aio = m_queue[qIdx].first;
+  OVERLAPPED& aio = m_inner->m_queue[qIdx].first;
  if (aio.hEvent) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: synchronous kabufuda fallback, check access polling\n");
@@ -91,18 +140,18 @@ bool AsyncIO::asyncWrite(size_t qIdx, const void* buf, size_t length, off_t offs
  }
  ResetOverlapped(aio, DWORD(offset));
  m_maxBlock = std::max(m_maxBlock, qIdx + 1);
-  BOOL res = WriteFile(m_fh, buf, length, nullptr, &aio);
+  BOOL res = WriteFile(m_inner->m_fh, buf, length, nullptr, &aio);
  return res == TRUE || GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING;
 }

 ECardResult AsyncIO::pollStatus(size_t qIdx, SizeReturn* szRet) const {
-  auto& aio = const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_queue[qIdx];
+  auto& aio = m_inner->m_queue[qIdx];
  if (aio.first.hEvent == 0) {
    if (szRet)
      *szRet = aio.second;
    return ECardResult::READY;
  }
-  if (GetOverlappedResult(m_fh, &aio.first, &aio.second, FALSE)) {
+  if (GetOverlappedResult(m_inner->m_fh, &aio.first, &aio.second, FALSE)) {
    CloseHandle(aio.first.hEvent);
    aio.first.hEvent = 0;
    if (szRet)
@@ -120,12 +169,11 @@ ECardResult AsyncIO::pollStatus(size_t qIdx, SizeReturn* szRet) const {

 ECardResult AsyncIO::pollStatus() const {
  ECardResult result = ECardResult::READY;
-  for (auto it = const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_queue.begin();
-       it != const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_queue.begin() + m_maxBlock; ++it) {
+  for (auto it = m_inner->m_queue.begin(); it != m_inner->m_queue.begin() + m_maxBlock; ++it) {
    auto& aio = *it;
    if (aio.first.hEvent == 0)
      continue;
-    if (GetOverlappedResult(m_fh, &aio.first, &aio.second, FALSE)) {
+    if (GetOverlappedResult(m_inner->m_fh, &aio.first, &aio.second, FALSE)) {
      CloseHandle(aio.first.hEvent);
      aio.first.hEvent = 0;
    } else {
@@ -133,21 +181,30 @@ ECardResult AsyncIO::pollStatus() const {
        if (result > ECardResult::BUSY)
          result = ECardResult::BUSY;
      } else {
-        _waitForOperation(it - m_queue.cbegin());
+        _waitForOperation(it - m_inner->m_queue.cbegin());
        if (result > ECardResult::IOERROR)
          result = ECardResult::IOERROR;
      }
    }
  }
  if (result == ECardResult::READY)
-    const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_maxBlock = 0;
+    m_maxBlock = 0;
  return result;
 }

 void AsyncIO::waitForCompletion() const {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < m_maxBlock; ++i)
    _waitForOperation(i);
-  const_cast<AsyncIO*>(this)->m_maxBlock = 0;
+  m_maxBlock = 0;
 }

+void AsyncIO::resizeQueue(size_t queueSz) {
+  if (m_inner == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  m_inner->m_queue.resize(queueSz);
+}
+
+AsyncIO::operator bool() const { return m_inner != nullptr && m_inner->m_fh != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; }
+
 } // namespace kabufuda
--- a/lib/kabufuda/BlockAllocationTable.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/BlockAllocationTable.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 #include "kabufuda/BlockAllocationTable.hpp"
-#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <vector>

+#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"
+
 namespace kabufuda {
 void BlockAllocationTable::swapEndian() {
  m_checksum = SBig(m_checksum);
@@ -14,23 +18,27 @@ void BlockAllocationTable::swapEndian() {

 void BlockAllocationTable::updateChecksum() {
  swapEndian();
-  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(__raw + 4), 0xFFE, &m_checksum, &m_checksumInv);
+  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(raw.data() + 4), 0xFFE, &m_checksum, &m_checksumInv);
  swapEndian();
 }

 bool BlockAllocationTable::valid() const {
-  uint16_t ckSum, ckSumInv;
+  uint16_t ckSum = 0;
+  uint16_t ckSumInv = 0;
  const_cast<BlockAllocationTable&>(*this).swapEndian();
-  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(__raw + 4), 0xFFE, &ckSum, &ckSumInv);
+  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(raw.data() + 4), 0xFFE, &ckSum, &ckSumInv);
  bool res = (ckSum == m_checksum && ckSumInv == m_checksumInv);
  const_cast<BlockAllocationTable&>(*this).swapEndian();
  return res;
 }

-BlockAllocationTable::BlockAllocationTable(uint32_t blockCount) {
-  memset(__raw, 0, BlockSize);
-  m_freeBlocks = uint16_t(blockCount - FSTBlocks);
-  m_lastAllocated = 4;
+BlockAllocationTable::BlockAllocationTable(uint32_t blockCount)
+: m_checksum{0}
+, m_checksumInv{0}
+, m_updateCounter{0}
+, m_freeBlocks{uint16_t(blockCount - FSTBlocks)}
+, m_lastAllocated{4}
+, m_map{{0}} {
  updateChecksum();
 }

--- a/lib/kabufuda/Card.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/Card.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "kabufuda/Card.hpp"
-#include "kabufuda/SRAM.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>

+#include "kabufuda/SRAM.hpp"
+
 namespace kabufuda {

 #define ROUND_UP_8192(val) (((val) + 8191) & ~8191)
@@ -24,40 +26,36 @@ void Card::CardHeader::_swapEndian() {
  m_checksumInv = SBig(m_checksumInv);
 }

-Card::Card() { memset(__raw, 0xFF, BlockSize); }
+Card::Card() { m_ch.raw.fill(0xFF); }

 Card::Card(Card&& other) {
-  memmove(__raw, other.__raw, BlockSize);
+  m_ch.raw = other.m_ch.raw;
  m_filename = std::move(other.m_filename);
  m_fileHandle = std::move(other.m_fileHandle);
-  m_dirs[0] = std::move(other.m_dirs[0]);
-  m_dirs[1] = std::move(other.m_dirs[1]);
-  m_bats[0] = std::move(other.m_bats[0]);
-  m_bats[1] = std::move(other.m_bats[1]);
+  m_dirs = std::move(other.m_dirs);
+  m_bats = std::move(other.m_bats);
  m_currentDir = other.m_currentDir;
  m_currentBat = other.m_currentBat;

  m_maxBlock = other.m_maxBlock;
-  memmove(m_game, other.m_game, 5);
-  memmove(m_maker, other.m_maker, 3);
+  std::copy(std::cbegin(other.m_game), std::cend(other.m_game), std::begin(m_game));
+  std::copy(std::cbegin(other.m_maker), std::cend(other.m_maker), std::begin(m_maker));
 }

 Card& Card::operator=(Card&& other) {
  close();

-  memmove(__raw, other.__raw, BlockSize);
+  m_ch.raw = other.m_ch.raw;
  m_filename = std::move(other.m_filename);
  m_fileHandle = std::move(other.m_fileHandle);
-  m_dirs[0] = std::move(other.m_dirs[0]);
-  m_dirs[1] = std::move(other.m_dirs[1]);
-  m_bats[0] = std::move(other.m_bats[0]);
-  m_bats[1] = std::move(other.m_bats[1]);
+  m_dirs = std::move(other.m_dirs);
+  m_bats = std::move(other.m_bats);
  m_currentDir = other.m_currentDir;
  m_currentBat = other.m_currentBat;

  m_maxBlock = other.m_maxBlock;
-  memmove(m_game, other.m_game, 5);
-  memmove(m_maker, other.m_maker, 3);
+  std::copy(std::cbegin(other.m_game), std::cend(other.m_game), std::begin(m_game));
+  std::copy(std::cbegin(other.m_maker), std::cend(other.m_maker), std::begin(m_maker));

  return *this;
 }
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ ECardResult Card::_pumpOpen() {
    else if (!m_bats[1].valid() && m_bats[0].valid())
      m_bats[1] = m_bats[0];

-    if (m_dirs[0].m_updateCounter > m_dirs[1].m_updateCounter)
+    if (m_dirs[0].data.m_updateCounter > m_dirs[1].data.m_updateCounter)
      m_currentDir = 0;
    else
      m_currentDir = 1;
@@ -107,29 +105,36 @@ ECardResult Card::_pumpOpen() {
 }

 Card::Card(const char* game, const char* maker) {
-  memset(__raw, 0xFF, BlockSize);
-  if (game && strlen(game) == 4)
-    memcpy(m_game, game, 4);
-  if (maker && strlen(maker) == 2)
-    memcpy(m_maker, maker, 2);
+  m_ch.raw.fill(0xFF);
+
+  if (game != nullptr && std::strlen(game) == 4) {
+    std::memcpy(m_game, game, 4);
+  }
+  if (maker != nullptr && std::strlen(maker) == 2) {
+    std::memcpy(m_maker, maker, 2);
+  }
 }

 Card::~Card() { close(); }

 ECardResult Card::openFile(const char* filename, FileHandle& handleOut) {
-  ECardResult openRes = _pumpOpen();
-  if (openRes != ECardResult::READY)
+  const ECardResult openRes = _pumpOpen();
+  if (openRes != ECardResult::READY) {
    return openRes;
+  }

  handleOut = {};
-  File* f = m_dirs[m_currentDir].getFile(m_game, m_maker, filename);
-  if (!f || f->m_game[0] == 0xFF)
+  const File* const f = m_dirs[m_currentDir].getFile(m_game, m_maker, filename);
+  if (!f || f->m_game[0] == 0xFF) {
    return ECardResult::NOFILE;
-  int32_t idx = m_dirs[m_currentDir].indexForFile(f);
+  }
+
+  const int32_t idx = m_dirs[m_currentDir].indexForFile(f);
  if (idx != -1) {
    handleOut = FileHandle(idx);
    return ECardResult::READY;
  }
+
  return ECardResult::FATAL_ERROR;
 }

@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@ void Card::_updateDirAndBat(const Directory& dir, const BlockAllocationTable& ba
  m_currentDir = !m_currentDir;
  Directory& updateDir = m_dirs[m_currentDir];
  updateDir = dir;
-  updateDir.m_updateCounter++;
+  updateDir.data.m_updateCounter++;
  updateDir.updateChecksum();

  m_currentBat = !m_currentBat;
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ void Card::_updateDirAndBat(const Directory& dir, const BlockAllocationTable& ba

 void Card::_updateChecksum() {
  m_ch._swapEndian();
-  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(__raw), 0xFE, &m_ch.m_checksum, &m_ch.m_checksumInv);
+  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(m_ch.raw.data()), 0xFE, &m_ch.m_checksum, &m_ch.m_checksumInv);
  m_ch._swapEndian();
 }

@@ -218,11 +223,13 @@ ECardResult Card::closeFile(FileHandle& fh) {
 }

 FileHandle Card::firstFile() {
-  File* f = m_dirs[m_currentDir].getFirstNonFreeFile(0, m_game, m_maker);
-  if (f)
-    return FileHandle(m_dirs[m_currentDir].indexForFile(f));
+  const File* const f = m_dirs[m_currentDir].getFirstNonFreeFile(0, m_game, m_maker);

-  return {};
+  if (f == nullptr) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  return FileHandle(m_dirs[m_currentDir].indexForFile(f));
 }

 FileHandle Card::nextFile(const FileHandle& cur) {
@@ -230,16 +237,22 @@ FileHandle Card::nextFile(const FileHandle& cur) {
    NullFileAccess();
    return {};
  }
-  File* next = m_dirs[m_currentDir].getFirstNonFreeFile(cur.idx + 1, m_game, m_maker);
-  if (!next)
+
+  const File* const next = m_dirs[m_currentDir].getFirstNonFreeFile(cur.idx + 1, m_game, m_maker);
+  if (next == nullptr) {
    return {};
+  }
+
  return FileHandle(m_dirs[m_currentDir].indexForFile(next));
 }

-const char* Card::getFilename(const FileHandle& fh) {
-  File* f = _fileFromHandle(fh);
-  if (!f)
+const char* Card::getFilename(const FileHandle& fh) const {
+  const File* const f = _fileFromHandle(fh);
+
+  if (f == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
+  }
+
  return f->m_filename;
 }

@@ -298,25 +311,30 @@ ECardResult Card::deleteFile(uint32_t fileno) {
 }

 ECardResult Card::renameFile(const char* oldName, const char* newName) {
-  ECardResult openRes = _pumpOpen();
-  if (openRes != ECardResult::READY)
+  const ECardResult openRes = _pumpOpen();
+  if (openRes != ECardResult::READY) {
    return openRes;
+  }

-  if (strlen(newName) > 32)
+  if (std::strlen(newName) > 32) {
    return ECardResult::NAMETOOLONG;
+  }

  Directory dir = m_dirs[m_currentDir];
  File* f = dir.getFile(m_game, m_maker, oldName);
-  if (!f)
+  if (f == nullptr) {
    return ECardResult::NOFILE;
+  }

  if (File* replF = dir.getFile(m_game, m_maker, newName)) {
    BlockAllocationTable bat = m_bats[m_currentBat];
    _deleteFile(*replF, bat);
-    strncpy(f->m_filename, newName, 32);
+    std::memset(f->m_filename, 0, 32);
+    std::strncpy(f->m_filename, newName, 32);
    _updateDirAndBat(dir, bat);
  } else {
-    strncpy(f->m_filename, newName, 32);
+    std::memset(f->m_filename, 0, 32);
+    std::strncpy(f->m_filename, newName, 32);
    _updateDirAndBat(dir, m_bats[m_currentBat]);
  }
  return ECardResult::READY;
@@ -441,7 +459,7 @@ void Card::seek(FileHandle& fh, int32_t pos, SeekOrigin whence) {
  }
 }

-int32_t Card::tell(const FileHandle& fh) { return fh.offset; }
+int32_t Card::tell(const FileHandle& fh) const { return fh.offset; }

 void Card::setPublic(const FileHandle& fh, bool pub) {
  File* file = _fileFromHandle(fh);
@@ -552,11 +570,11 @@ ECardResult Card::getStatus(uint32_t fileNo, CardStat& statOut) const {
  if (!file || file->m_game[0] == 0xFF)
    return ECardResult::NOFILE;

-  strncpy(statOut.x0_fileName, file->m_filename, 32);
+  std::strncpy(statOut.x0_fileName, file->m_filename, 32);
  statOut.x20_length = file->m_blockCount * BlockSize;
  statOut.x24_time = file->m_modifiedTime;
-  memcpy(statOut.x28_gameName, file->m_game, 4);
-  memcpy(statOut.x2c_company, file->m_maker, 2);
+  memmove(statOut.x28_gameName.data(), file->m_game, 4);
+  memmove(statOut.x2c_company.data(), file->m_maker, 4);

  statOut.x2e_bannerFormat = file->m_bannerFlags;
  statOut.x30_iconAddr = file->m_iconAddress;
@@ -564,12 +582,11 @@ ECardResult Card::getStatus(uint32_t fileNo, CardStat& statOut) const {
  statOut.x36_iconSpeed = file->m_animSpeed;
  statOut.x38_commentAddr = file->m_commentAddr;

-  if (file->m_iconAddress == -1) {
-    statOut.x3c_offsetBanner = -1;
-    statOut.x40_offsetBannerTlut = -1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < CARD_ICON_MAX; ++i)
-      statOut.x44_offsetIcon[i] = -1;
-    statOut.x64_offsetIconTlut = -1;
+  if (file->m_iconAddress == UINT32_MAX) {
+    statOut.x3c_offsetBanner = UINT32_MAX;
+    statOut.x40_offsetBannerTlut = UINT32_MAX;
+    statOut.x44_offsetIcon.fill(UINT32_MAX);
+    statOut.x64_offsetIconTlut = UINT32_MAX;
    statOut.x68_offsetData = file->m_commentAddr + 64;
  } else {
    uint32_t cur = file->m_iconAddress;
@@ -578,18 +595,19 @@ ECardResult Card::getStatus(uint32_t fileNo, CardStat& statOut) const {
    statOut.x40_offsetBannerTlut = cur;
    cur += TlutSize(statOut.GetBannerFormat());
    bool palette = false;
-    for (int i = 0; i < CARD_ICON_MAX; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < statOut.x44_offsetIcon.size(); ++i) {
      statOut.x44_offsetIcon[i] = cur;
-      EImageFormat fmt = statOut.GetIconFormat(i);
-      if (fmt == EImageFormat::C8)
+      const EImageFormat fmt = statOut.GetIconFormat(int(i));
+      if (fmt == EImageFormat::C8) {
        palette = true;
+      }
      cur += IconSize(fmt);
    }
    if (palette) {
      statOut.x64_offsetIconTlut = cur;
      cur += TlutSize(EImageFormat::C8);
    } else
-      statOut.x64_offsetIconTlut = -1;
+      statOut.x64_offsetIconTlut = UINT32_MAX;
    statOut.x68_offsetData = cur;
  }

@@ -687,57 +705,67 @@ bool Card::moveFileTo(FileHandle& fh, Card& dest)

 void Card::setCurrentGame(const char* game) {
  if (game == nullptr) {
-    memset(m_game, 0, 2);
+    std::memset(m_game, 0, sizeof(m_game));
    return;
  }

-  if (strlen(game) != 4)
+  constexpr size_t copy_amount = sizeof(m_game) - 1;
+  if (std::strlen(game) != copy_amount) {
    return;
+  }

-  memcpy(m_game, game, 4);
+  std::memcpy(m_game, game, copy_amount);
 }

 const uint8_t* Card::getCurrentGame() const {
-  if (strlen(m_game) == 4)
+  if (std::strlen(m_game) == sizeof(m_game) - 1) {
    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(m_game);
+  }

  return nullptr;
 }

 void Card::setCurrentMaker(const char* maker) {
  if (maker == nullptr) {
-    memset(m_maker, 0, 2);
+    std::memset(m_maker, 0, sizeof(m_maker));
    return;
  }

-  if (strlen(maker) != 2)
+  constexpr size_t copy_amount = sizeof(m_maker) - 1;
+  if (std::strlen(maker) != copy_amount) {
    return;
+  }

-  memcpy(m_maker, maker, 2);
+  std::memcpy(m_maker, maker, copy_amount);
 }

 const uint8_t* Card::getCurrentMaker() const {
-  if (strlen(m_maker) == 2)
+  if (std::strlen(m_maker) == sizeof(m_maker) - 1) {
    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(m_maker);
+  }
+
  return nullptr;
 }

 void Card::getSerial(uint64_t& serial) {
  m_ch._swapEndian();
-  uint32_t serialBuf[8];
-  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-    serialBuf[i] = SBig(*reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(__raw + (i * 4)));
+
+  std::array<uint32_t, 8> serialBuf{};
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < serialBuf.size(); i++) {
+    serialBuf[i] = SBig(*reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(m_ch.raw.data() + (i * 4)));
+  }
  serial = uint64_t(serialBuf[0] ^ serialBuf[2] ^ serialBuf[4] ^ serialBuf[6]) << 32 |
           (serialBuf[1] ^ serialBuf[3] ^ serialBuf[5] ^ serialBuf[7]);
+
  m_ch._swapEndian();
 }

-void Card::getChecksum(uint16_t& checksum, uint16_t& inverse) {
+void Card::getChecksum(uint16_t& checksum, uint16_t& inverse) const {
  checksum = m_ch.m_checksum;
  inverse = m_ch.m_checksumInv;
 }

-void Card::getFreeBlocks(int32_t& bytesNotUsed, int32_t& filesNotUsed) {
+void Card::getFreeBlocks(int32_t& bytesNotUsed, int32_t& filesNotUsed) const {
  bytesNotUsed = m_bats[m_currentBat].numFreeBlocks() * 0x2000;
  filesNotUsed = m_dirs[m_currentDir].numFreeFiles();
 }
@@ -745,10 +773,11 @@ void Card::getFreeBlocks(int32_t& bytesNotUsed, int32_t& filesNotUsed) {
 static std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> DummyBlock;

 void Card::format(ECardSlot id, ECardSize size, EEncoding encoding) {
-  memset(__raw, 0xFF, BlockSize);
+  m_ch.raw.fill(0xFF);
+
  uint64_t rand = uint64_t(getGCTime());
  m_ch.m_formatTime = rand;
-  for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < m_ch.m_serial.size(); i++) {
    rand = (((rand * uint64_t(0x41c64e6d)) + uint64_t(0x3039)) >> 16);
    m_ch.m_serial[i] = uint8_t(g_SRAM.flash_id[uint32_t(id)][i] + uint32_t(rand));
    rand = (((rand * uint64_t(0x41c64e6d)) + uint64_t(0x3039)) >> 16);
@@ -774,35 +803,36 @@ void Card::format(ECardSlot id, ECardSize size, EEncoding encoding) {
  m_fileHandle = AsyncIO(m_filename.c_str(), true);

  if (m_fileHandle) {
-    uint32_t blockCount = (uint32_t(size) * MbitToBlocks) - 5;
+    const uint32_t blockCount = (uint32_t(size) * MbitToBlocks) - 5;

    m_tmpCh = m_ch;
    m_tmpCh._swapEndian();
    m_fileHandle.resizeQueue(5 + blockCount);
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(0, &m_tmpCh, BlockSize, 0);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(0, m_tmpCh.raw.data(), BlockSize, 0);
    m_tmpDirs[0] = m_dirs[0];
    m_tmpDirs[0].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(1, m_tmpDirs[0].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 1);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(1, m_tmpDirs[0].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 1);
    m_tmpDirs[1] = m_dirs[1];
    m_tmpDirs[1].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(2, m_tmpDirs[1].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 2);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(2, m_tmpDirs[1].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 2);
    m_tmpBats[0] = m_bats[0];
    m_tmpBats[0].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(3, m_tmpBats[0].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 3);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(3, m_tmpBats[0].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 3);
    m_tmpBats[1] = m_bats[1];
    m_tmpBats[1].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(4, m_tmpBats[1].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 4);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(4, m_tmpBats[1].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 4);
    if (!DummyBlock) {
      DummyBlock.reset(new uint8_t[BlockSize]);
      memset(DummyBlock.get(), 0xFF, BlockSize);
    }
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i)
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i) {
      m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(i + 5, DummyBlock.get(), BlockSize, BlockSize * (i + 5));
+    }
    m_dirty = false;
  }
 }

-ProbeResults Card::probeCardFile(SystemStringView filename) {
+ProbeResults Card::probeCardFile(std::string_view filename) {
  Sstat stat;
  if (Stat(filename.data(), &stat) || !S_ISREG(stat.st_mode))
    return {ECardResult::NOCARD, 0, 0};
@@ -819,38 +849,38 @@ void Card::commit() {
    m_tmpDirs[0] = m_dirs[0];
    m_tmpDirs[0].updateChecksum();
    m_tmpDirs[0].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(1, m_tmpDirs[0].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 1);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(1, m_tmpDirs[0].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 1);
    m_tmpDirs[1] = m_dirs[1];
    m_tmpDirs[1].updateChecksum();
    m_tmpDirs[1].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(2, m_tmpDirs[1].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 2);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(2, m_tmpDirs[1].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 2);
    m_tmpBats[0] = m_bats[0];
    m_tmpBats[0].updateChecksum();
    m_tmpBats[0].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(3, m_tmpBats[0].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 3);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(3, m_tmpBats[0].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 3);
    m_tmpBats[1] = m_bats[1];
    m_tmpBats[1].updateChecksum();
    m_tmpBats[1].swapEndian();
-    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(4, m_tmpBats[1].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 4);
+    m_fileHandle.asyncWrite(4, m_tmpBats[1].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 4);
    m_dirty = false;
  }
 }

-bool Card::open(SystemStringView filepath) {
+bool Card::open(std::string_view filepath) {
  m_opened = false;
  m_filename = filepath;
  m_fileHandle = AsyncIO(m_filename);
  if (m_fileHandle) {
    m_fileHandle.resizeQueue(5);
-    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(0, __raw, BlockSize, 0))
+    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(0, m_ch.raw.data(), BlockSize, 0))
      return false;
-    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(1, m_dirs[0].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 1))
+    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(1, m_dirs[0].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 1))
      return false;
-    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(2, m_dirs[1].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 2))
+    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(2, m_dirs[1].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 2))
      return false;
-    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(3, m_bats[0].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 3))
+    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(3, m_bats[0].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 3))
      return false;
-    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(4, m_bats[1].__raw, BlockSize, BlockSize * 4))
+    if (!m_fileHandle.asyncRead(4, m_bats[1].raw.data(), BlockSize, BlockSize * 4))
      return false;
    return true;
  }
@@ -880,7 +910,7 @@ ECardResult Card::getError() const {

  uint16_t ckSum, ckSumInv;
  const_cast<Card&>(*this).m_ch._swapEndian();
-  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(__raw), 0xFE, &ckSum, &ckSumInv);
+  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(m_ch.raw.data()), 0xFE, &ckSum, &ckSumInv);
  bool res = (ckSum == m_ch.m_checksum && ckSumInv == m_ch.m_checksumInv);
  const_cast<Card&>(*this).m_ch._swapEndian();

--- a/lib/kabufuda/Directory.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/Directory.cpp
@@ -1,112 +1,141 @@
 #include "kabufuda/Directory.hpp"
-#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>

+#include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"
+
 namespace kabufuda {
 void Directory::swapEndian() {
-  std::for_each(std::begin(m_files), std::end(m_files), [](File& f) { f.swapEndian(); });
+  std::for_each(std::begin(data.m_files), std::end(data.m_files), [](File& f) { f.swapEndian(); });

-  m_updateCounter = SBig(m_updateCounter);
-  m_checksum = SBig(m_checksum);
-  m_checksumInv = SBig(m_checksumInv);
+  data.m_updateCounter = SBig(data.m_updateCounter);
+  data.m_checksum = SBig(data.m_checksum);
+  data.m_checksumInv = SBig(data.m_checksumInv);
 }

 void Directory::updateChecksum() {
  swapEndian();
-  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(__raw), 0xFFE, &m_checksum, &m_checksumInv);
+  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(raw.data()), 0xFFE, &data.m_checksum, &data.m_checksumInv);
  swapEndian();
 }

 bool Directory::valid() const {
  uint16_t ckSum, ckSumInv;
  const_cast<Directory&>(*this).swapEndian();
-  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(__raw), 0xFFE, &ckSum, &ckSumInv);
-  bool res = (ckSum == m_checksum && ckSumInv == m_checksumInv);
+  calculateChecksumBE(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(raw.data()), 0xFFE, &ckSum, &ckSumInv);
+  const bool res = (ckSum == data.m_checksum && ckSumInv == data.m_checksumInv);
  const_cast<Directory&>(*this).swapEndian();
  return res;
 }

 Directory::Directory() {
-  memset(__raw, 0xFF, BlockSize);
-  m_updateCounter = 0;
+  raw.fill(0xFF);
+  data.m_updateCounter = 0;
  updateChecksum();
 }

-Directory::Directory(uint8_t data[]) { memcpy(__raw, data, BlockSize); }
+Directory::Directory(const RawData& rawData) : raw{rawData} {}

 bool Directory::hasFreeFile() const {
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 127; i++)
-    if (m_files[i].m_game[0] == 0xFF)
-      return true;
-  return false;
+  return std::any_of(std::cbegin(data.m_files), std::cend(data.m_files),
+                     [](const auto& file) { return file.m_game[0] == 0xFF; });
 }

 int32_t Directory::numFreeFiles() const {
-  int32_t ret = 0;
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 127; i++)
-    if (m_files[i].m_game[0] == 0xFF)
-      ++ret;
-  return ret;
+  return int32_t(std::count_if(std::cbegin(data.m_files), std::cend(data.m_files),
+                               [](const auto& file) { return file.m_game[0] == 0xFF; }));
 }

 File* Directory::getFirstFreeFile(const char* game, const char* maker, const char* filename) {
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 127; i++) {
-    if (m_files[i].m_game[0] == 0xFF) {
-      File* ret = &m_files[i];
-      *ret = File(filename);
-      if (game && strlen(game) == 4)
-        memcpy(ret->m_game, game, 4);
-      if (maker && strlen(maker) == 2)
-        memcpy(ret->m_maker, maker, 2);
-      return ret;
-    }
+  const auto iter = std::find_if(std::begin(data.m_files), std::end(data.m_files),
+                                 [](const auto& file) { return file.m_game[0] == 0xFF; });
+
+  if (iter == std::end(data.m_files)) {
+    return nullptr;
  }

-  return nullptr;
+  *iter = File(filename);
+  if (game != nullptr && std::strlen(game) == 4) {
+    std::memcpy(iter->m_game, game, 4);
+  }
+  if (maker != nullptr && std::strlen(maker) == 2) {
+    std::memcpy(iter->m_maker, maker, 2);
+  }
+
+  return &*iter;
 }

 File* Directory::getFirstNonFreeFile(uint32_t start, const char* game, const char* maker) {
-  for (uint16_t i = start; i < 127; i++) {
-    if (m_files[i].m_game[0] != 0xFF) {
-      File* ret = &m_files[i];
-      if (game && std::strlen(game) == 4 && std::strncmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ret->m_game), game, 4) != 0)
-        continue;
-      if (maker && std::strlen(maker) == 2 && std::strncmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ret->m_maker), maker, 2) != 0)
-        continue;
-      return ret;
-    }
+  const auto iter =
+      std::find_if(std::begin(data.m_files) + start, std::end(data.m_files), [game, maker](const auto& file) {
+        if (file.m_game[0] == 0xFF) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto* const game_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(file.m_game);
+        const auto game_size = 4;
+        if (game != nullptr && std::strlen(game) == game_size && std::strncmp(game_ptr, game, game_size) != 0) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto* const maker_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(file.m_maker);
+        const auto maker_size = 2;
+        if (maker != nullptr && std::strlen(maker) == maker_size && std::strncmp(maker_ptr, maker, maker_size) != 0) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+      });
+
+  if (iter == std::end(data.m_files)) {
+    return nullptr;
  }

-  return nullptr;
+  return &*iter;
 }

 File* Directory::getFile(const char* game, const char* maker, const char* filename) {
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 127; i++) {
-    if (game && strlen(game) == 4 && memcmp(m_files[i].m_game, game, 4))
-      continue;
-    if (maker && strlen(maker) == 2 && memcmp(m_files[i].m_maker, maker, 2))
-      continue;
-    if (!strcmp(m_files[i].m_filename, filename))
-      return &m_files[i];
+  const auto iter = std::find_if(std::begin(data.m_files), std::end(data.m_files), [=](const auto& file) {
+    const auto game_size = 4;
+    if (game != nullptr && std::strlen(game) == game_size && std::memcmp(file.m_game, game, game_size) != 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const auto maker_size = 2;
+    if (maker != nullptr && std::strlen(maker) == maker_size && std::memcmp(file.m_maker, maker, maker_size) != 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return std::strncmp(file.m_filename, filename, 32) == 0;
+  });
+
+  if (iter == std::cend(data.m_files)) {
+    return nullptr;
  }

-  return nullptr;
+  return &*iter;
 }

 File* Directory::getFile(uint32_t idx) {
-  if (idx >= 127)
+  if (idx >= MaxFiles) {
    return nullptr;
+  }

-  return &m_files[idx];
+  return &data.m_files[idx];
 }

-int32_t Directory::indexForFile(File* f) {
-  if (!f)
+int32_t Directory::indexForFile(const File* f) const {
+  if (f == nullptr) {
    return -1;
+  }

-  auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m_files), std::end(m_files), [&f](const File& file) -> bool { return f == &file; });
-  if (it == std::end(m_files))
+  const auto it =
+      std::find_if(std::cbegin(data.m_files), std::cend(data.m_files), [&f](const File& file) { return f == &file; });
+  if (it == std::cend(data.m_files)) {
    return -1;
-  return it - std::begin(m_files);
+  }
+
+  return it - std::cbegin(data.m_files);
 }
 } // namespace kabufuda
--- a/lib/kabufuda/File.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/File.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 #include "kabufuda/File.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
+
 #include "kabufuda/Util.hpp"

 namespace kabufuda {
-File::File() { memset(__raw, 0xFF, 0x40); }
+File::File() { raw.fill(0xFF); }

-File::File(char data[]) { memcpy(__raw, data, 0x40); }
+File::File(const RawData& rawData) : raw{rawData} {}

 File::File(const char* filename) {
-  memset(__raw, 0, 0x40);
-  memset(m_filename, 0, 32);
-  strncpy(m_filename, filename, 32);
+  raw.fill(0);
+  std::memset(m_filename, 0, std::size(m_filename));
+  std::strncpy(m_filename, filename, std::size(m_filename) - 1);
 }
 void File::swapEndian() {
  m_modifiedTime = SBig(m_modifiedTime);
--- a/lib/kabufuda/WideStringConvert.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/WideStringConvert.cpp
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-#include "kabufuda/WideStringConvert.hpp"
-#include "utf8proc.h"
-
-namespace kabufuda {
-std::string WideToUTF8(std::wstring_view src) {
-  std::string retval;
-  retval.reserve(src.length());
-  for (wchar_t ch : src) {
-    utf8proc_uint8_t mb[4];
-    utf8proc_ssize_t c = utf8proc_encode_char(utf8proc_int32_t(ch), mb);
-    if (c < 0) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "invalid UTF-8 character while encoding");
-      return retval;
-    }
-    retval.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(mb), c);
-  }
-  return retval;
-}
-
-std::wstring UTF8ToWide(std::string_view src) {
-  std::wstring retval;
-  retval.reserve(src.length());
-  const utf8proc_uint8_t* buf = reinterpret_cast<const utf8proc_uint8_t*>(src.data());
-  while (*buf) {
-    utf8proc_int32_t wc;
-    utf8proc_ssize_t len = utf8proc_iterate(buf, -1, &wc);
-    if (len < 0) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "invalid UTF-8 character while decoding");
-      return retval;
-    }
-    buf += len;
-    retval += wchar_t(wc);
-  }
-  return retval;
-}
-} // namespace kabufuda
--- a/lib/kabufuda/winsupport.cpp
+++ b/lib/kabufuda/winsupport.cpp
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <string>
-#include "hecl/winsupport.hpp"
-
-/*
- * The memmem() function finds the start of the first occurrence of the
- * substring 'needle' of length 'nlen' in the memory area 'haystack' of
- * length 'hlen'.
- *
- * The return value is a pointer to the beginning of the sub-string, or
- * NULL if the substring is not found.
- */
-void* memmem(const void* haystack, size_t hlen, const void* needle, size_t nlen) {
-  int needle_first;
-  const uint8_t* p = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(haystack);
-  size_t plen = hlen;
-
-  if (!nlen)
-    return NULL;
-
-  needle_first = *(unsigned char*)needle;
-
-  while (plen >= nlen && (p = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(memchr(p, needle_first, plen - nlen + 1)))) {
-    if (!memcmp(p, needle, nlen))
-      return (void*)p;
-
-    p++;
-    plen = hlen - (p - static_cast<const uint8_t*>(haystack));
-  }
-
-  return NULL;
-}
--- a/test/main.cpp
+++ b/test/main.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 int main() {
  kabufuda::Card mc{"GM8E", "01"};
-  mc.open(_SYS_STR("test.USA.raw"));
+  mc.open("test.USA.raw");
  mc.format(kabufuda::ECardSlot::SlotA, kabufuda::ECardSize::Card2043Mb);
  uint64_t a = 0;
  mc.getSerial(a);
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Luke Street	4f3fbc0d0d	Add EMSCRIPTEN checks	2022-08-03 18:11:08 -04:00
Luke Street	32090b4d4a	Refactor to remove <Windows.h> from headers	2022-02-22 00:48:11 -05:00
Luke Street	2252e6c3c3	Fix typo	2021-06-30 16:21:37 -04:00
Luke Street	4cf61b7d5e	Use UTF-8 exclusively internally	2021-06-28 18:58:22 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	1111fb4839	Fix corruption issues while writing memory card to disk	2021-05-02 15:05:34 -07:00
Luke Street	106bb02fbf	Fix -Wstringop-truncation issues	2021-04-05 13:22:56 -04:00
Luke Street	b585305009	Add AsyncIONX.cpp	2020-10-21 00:45:02 -04:00
Luke Street	6f5cb6f972	GCC nonstring fixes	2020-10-21 00:44:45 -04:00
Luke Street	4ee594d0fd	Link rt for AIO on Linux	2020-10-07 20:11:05 -04:00
Luke Street	b63f7c6401	AsyncIOPosix: Add mode_t argument to open	2020-06-24 12:05:55 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	4891a95688	Fix corrupted memory cards	2020-04-15 04:26:14 -07:00
Jack Andersen	6d8d389459	Merge commit '4648'	2020-04-10 19:01:39 -10:00
Jack Andersen	4648c93b8e	Exclude CMake CXX standard from MSVC	2020-04-10 19:01:21 -10:00
Lioncash	1b813f0c70	Util: Make operator\|= and &= constexpr for bitwise enums Maintains parity with hecl's version of the macro, etc.	2020-04-05 10:00:12 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	35e5c7c90f	Merge pull request #12 from lioncash/const General: Make member functions const where applicable	2019-09-03 00:37:32 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	d48ba9523f	Merge pull request #13 from lioncash/explicit General: Use explicit where applicable	2019-09-03 00:37:23 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	f74f1a3a6c	Merge pull request #11 from lioncash/array General: Use std::array for constructors where applicable	2019-09-03 00:36:32 -07:00
Lioncash	9d3a436e70	Card: Use UINT32_MAX for FileHandle's default initializer Avoids a sign conversion	2019-09-02 08:45:07 -04:00
Lioncash	e96db1e032	General: Use explicit where applicable Makes conversions explicit in order to prevent error-prone implicit conversions.	2019-09-02 08:42:37 -04:00
Lioncash	ed2a6b3ce8	Card: Make querying functions const member functions where applicable These don't modify member state, so they can be made const .	2019-09-02 08:26:43 -04:00
Lioncash	66ce5ed823	Directory: Make indexForFile() a const member function This doesn't modify instance state, so it can be turned into a const member function.	2019-09-02 08:20:50 -04:00
Lioncash	69d24d1027	General: Use std::array for constructors where applicable Same behavior, but ensures input absolutely satisfies the total amount of data that needs to be copied.	2019-09-02 08:14:44 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	91a0a41cee	Merge pull request #10 from lioncash/array General: Use std::array where applicable	2019-09-02 01:02:45 -07:00
Lioncash	1779e14bcc	Directory: Avoid use of unnamed struct in union Anonymous structs have a limitation on GCC when involving non-trivial default constructors, as it's a compiler extension and not actually standard C++ to use anonymous structs. We can give the struct a concrete name, which fixes this issue.	2019-09-02 03:30:58 -04:00
Lioncash	e186d1498f	Revert "Revert "General: Use std::array where applicable"" This reverts commit `698e37d6a4`.	2019-09-02 00:34:16 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	b279404833	Merge pull request #9 from AxioDL/revert-7-array Revert "General: Use std::array where applicable"	2019-09-01 11:27:04 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	698e37d6a4	Revert "General: Use std::array where applicable"	2019-09-01 11:26:50 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	9484bf40f9	Merge pull request #8 from lioncash/game Card: Zero out game array within setCurrentGame for nullptr	2019-09-01 11:05:56 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	a701828371	Merge pull request #7 from lioncash/array General: Use std::array where applicable	2019-09-01 11:05:12 -07:00
Lioncash	54f9a11012	Card: Eliminate a few hardcoded constants	2019-08-31 22:27:54 -04:00
Lioncash	215cb25c5c	Card: Zero out game array within setCurrentGame for nullptr Previously this was zeroing out the maker array, which it shouldn't be doing.	2019-08-31 22:20:30 -04:00
Lioncash	3e64021400	General: Use std::array where applicable Same behavior, but with stronger typing. We can also eliminate usages of magic values in some places.	2019-08-31 22:14:42 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	222fb5c179	Add missing include	2019-08-31 01:58:06 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	33bcde5a73	Merge pull request #4 from lioncash/cmake CMakeLists: Remove unnecessary unset	2019-08-30 16:30:29 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	9d003a3e9b	Merge pull request #5 from lioncash/include General: Avoid indirect includes	2019-08-30 16:28:15 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	a638632fbb	Merge pull request #6 from lioncash/flags CMakeLists: Enable extra standards conformance flags on MSVC	2019-08-30 16:28:04 -07:00
Lioncash	3f7e52b216	CMakeLists: Enable extra standards conformance flags on MSVC These flags are off by default. We can enable these to enforce more standards-compliant behavior. Given this project is quite small, this is trivial to append.	2019-08-30 10:53:59 -04:00
Lioncash	7e3a2370c5	General: Avoid indirect includes Ensures all inclusions are made where necessary.	2019-08-30 10:35:03 -04:00
Lioncash	8df58d59bc	CMakeLists: Remove unnecessary unset This variable isn't used within this source file, so it can be removed.	2019-08-30 10:17:06 -04:00
Phillip Stephens	f57d8cf761	Merge pull request #3 from lioncash/cmake CMakeLists: Use target_sources instead of a variable	2019-08-13 14:31:07 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	91316888fe	Merge pull request #2 from lioncash/api Card: Amend doxygen comments	2019-08-13 14:30:59 -07:00
Lioncash	3ef8955ebb	CMakeLists: Use target_sources instead of a variable Gets rid of the need to unset the PLAT_SRCS variable. We can just conditionally append the source files to the existing set of sources within the target.	2019-08-13 02:06:26 -04:00
Lioncash	d906c2526b	Card: Amend doxygen comments Amends broken or missing doxygen parameters. While we're at it, we can expand the documentation a little bit to be somewhat more explanatory about the functions.	2019-08-12 23:56:39 -04:00
Jack Andersen	dc436ffb32	Make stuff constexpr	2019-07-19 18:26:25 -10:00
Jack Andersen	8053d1125b	Windows build fixes	2019-06-12 15:33:09 -10:00
Jack Andersen	51c7163cfd	Better CMake dependency handling	2019-06-11 16:04:15 -10:00
Phillip Stephens	82c607ec40	Fix raw pointer bug	2019-06-02 20:35:04 -07:00
Phillip Stephens	da4008bf50	Prevent garbage data from being written to memcard	2019-06-02 20:31:57 -07:00
Jack Andersen	630119350b	Add True and False tests for bitwise enums	2019-04-02 18:29:35 -10:00