Start of Vulkan backend (not yet working)

visigen/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -28,22 +28,31 @@ else()
 endif()
 
 if(APPLE)
-  target_sources(visigen PRIVATE MainMac.mm VISIRendererMetal.mm VISIRendererMetal.hh)
+  target_sources(visigen PRIVATE main.cpp metal/VISIRendererMetal.mm metal/VISIRendererMetal.hh)
-  set_source_files_properties(MainMac.mm PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS -fobjc-arc)
+  set_source_files_properties(metal/VISIRendererMetal.mm PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS -fobjc-arc)
-  set_source_files_properties(VISIRendererMetal.mm PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS -fobjc-arc)
   find_library(METAL_LIBRARY Metal REQUIRED)
   target_link_libraries(visigen PRIVATE ${METAL_LIBRARY})
 elseif(WIN32)
   target_sources(visigen PRIVATE
       MainWin.cpp
-      VISIRendererOpenGL.cpp
+          opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.cpp
-      VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp)
+          opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp
-else()
+          vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.cpp
+          vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.hpp
+          vulkan/utils.cpp)
+else ()
+  bintoc(vk_fs.cpp vulkan/shader.frag.spv VK_FRAGMENT_SPV)
+  bintoc(vk_vs.cpp vulkan/shader.vert.spv VK_VERTEX_SPV)
   target_sources(visigen PRIVATE
-      MainXlib.cpp
+          main.cpp
-      VISIRendererOpenGL.cpp
+          opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.cpp
-      VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp)
+          opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp
-endif()
+          vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.cpp
+          vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.hpp
+          vulkan/utils.cpp
+          vk_fs.cpp
+          vk_vs.cpp)
+endif ()
 
 target_link_libraries(visigen PRIVATE
   athena-core

visigen/MainWin.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp"
+#include "opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp"
 #include <Windows.h>
 #include <WinUser.h>
 #include <Shlwapi.h>

visigen/MainXlib.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp"
+#include "opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp"
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
 #include <GL/glx.h>

visigen/Shader.metal

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#include <metal_stdlib>
-#include <simd/simd.h>
-
-#include "ShaderTypes.h"
-
-using namespace metal;
-
-/*static const matrix_float4x4 LookMATs[] = {
-    {// Forward
-     {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}},
-    {// Backward
-     {-1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}},
-    {// Up
-     {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}},
-    {// Down
-     {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}},
-    {// Left
-     {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f},
-     {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}},
-    {// Right
-     {0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f},
-     {-1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-     {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}},
-};*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    float4 position [[position]];
-    float4 color;
-} ColorInOut;
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    float3 position [[attribute(VertexAttributePosition)]];
-    float4 color [[attribute(VertexAttributeColor)]];
-} Vertex;
-
-vertex ColorInOut vertexShader(Vertex in [[stage_in]], constant Uniforms& uniforms [[buffer(BufferIndexUniforms)]])
-{
-    ColorInOut out;
-
-    float4 position = float4(in.position, 1.0);
-    position.y *= -1.f;
-    out.position = uniforms.projectionMatrix * uniforms.modelViewMatrix * position;
-    out.color = in.color;
-
-    return out;
-}
-
-fragment float4 fragmentShader(ColorInOut in [[stage_in]])
-{
-    return in.color;
-}

visigen/VISIBuilder.cpp

@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ const VISIBuilder::Leaf& VISIBuilder::PVSRenderCache::GetLeaf(const zeus::CVecto
   bool needsTransparent = false;
   m_renderer.RenderPVSOpaque(RGBABuf.get(), needsTransparent);
 
-//  size_t outsize;
+  size_t outsize;
-//  auto* buf = VISIRenderer::makePNGBuffer(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(RGBABuf.get()), 768, 512, &outsize);
+  auto* buf = VISIRenderer::makePNGBuffer(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(RGBABuf.get()), 768, 512, &outsize);
-//  auto filename = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("outx{}.png"), m_frame++);
+  auto filename = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("/tmp/visigen/outx{}.png"), m_frame++);
-//  std::cout << "Rendering " << filename << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Rendering " << filename << std::endl;
-//  std::ofstream fout;
+  std::ofstream fout;
-//  fout.open(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::out);
+  fout.open(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::out);
-//  fout.write(static_cast<const char*>(buf), outsize);
+  fout.write(static_cast<const char*>(buf), outsize);
-//  fout.close();
+  fout.close();
-//  free(buf);
+  free(buf);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Leaf> leafOut = std::make_unique<Leaf>();
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < 768 * 512; ++i) {

visigen/VISIRenderer.hpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public:
   };
 
   VISIRenderer(int argc, const hecl::SystemChar** argv) : m_argc(argc), m_argv(argv) {}
-  void Run(FPercent updatePercent);
+  virtual void Run(FPercent updatePercent);
   void Terminate();
   virtual void RenderPVSOpaque(RGBA8* bufOut, bool& needTransparent) = 0;
   virtual void RenderPVSTransparent(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc) = 0;

visigen/main.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 #include "../version.h"
-#include "VISIRendererMetal.hh"
 #include "athena/Global.hpp"
 #include "logvisor/logvisor.hpp"
-#include <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+#ifdef __APPLE__
-#include <MetalKit/MetalKit.h>
+#include "metal/VISIRendererMetal.hh"
-#include <thread>
+#else
-
+#include "vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.hpp"
-#if !__has_feature(objc_arc)
-#error ARC Required
 #endif
 
 static logvisor::Module AthenaLog("Athena");
@@ -25,9 +22,11 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
   logvisor::RegisterStandardExceptions();
   logvisor::RegisterConsoleLogger();
   atSetExceptionHandler(AthenaExc);
+#ifdef __APPLE__
   VISIRendererMetal renderer(argc, argv);
-  @autoreleasepool {
+#else
+  VISIRendererVulkan renderer(argc, argv);
+#endif
   renderer.Run(nullptr);
-  }
   return renderer.ReturnVal();
 }

visigen/metal/Shader.metal

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <metal_stdlib>
+#include <simd/simd.h>
+
+#include "ShaderTypes.h"
+
+using namespace metal;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    float4 position [[position]];
+    float4 color;
+} ColorInOut;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    float3 position [[attribute(VertexAttributePosition)]];
+    float4 color [[attribute(VertexAttributeColor)]];
+} Vertex;
+
+vertex ColorInOut vertexShader(Vertex in [[stage_in]], constant Uniforms& uniforms [[buffer(BufferIndexUniforms)]])
+{
+    ColorInOut out;
+
+    float4 position = float4(in.position, 1.0);
+    out.position = uniforms.projectionMatrix * uniforms.modelViewMatrix * position;
+    out.color = in.color;
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+fragment float4 fragmentShader(ColorInOut in [[stage_in]])
+{
+    return in.color;
+}

visigen/metal/VISIRendererMetal.hh

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "VISIRenderer.hpp"
+#include "../VISIRenderer.hpp"
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 #import <Metal/Metal.h>
-#import <MetalKit/MetalKit.h>
+
+#if !__has_feature(objc_arc)
+#error ARC Required
+#endif
 
 @interface MetalRenderer : NSObject
 @end
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ public:
   VISIRendererMetal(int argc, const hecl::SystemChar** argv) : VISIRenderer(argc, argv) {
     view = [[MetalRenderer alloc] init];
   }
+  void Run(FPercent updatePercent) override;
   void RenderPVSOpaque(RGBA8* out, bool& needTransparent) override;
   void RenderPVSTransparent(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc) override;
   void RenderPVSEntitiesAndLights(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc,

visigen/metal/VISIRendererMetal.mm

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 
 static zeus::CMatrix4f g_Proj;
 
-constexpr zeus::CMatrix4f VulkanCorrect(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.5f, 0.5f + FLT_EPSILON,
+constexpr zeus::CMatrix4f DepthCorrect(
+    1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f,
+    0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f,
+    0.f, 0.f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
 
 static void CalculateProjMatrix() {
@@ -25,9 +28,11 @@ static void CalculateProjMatrix() {
   float fmn = zfar - znear;
 
   zeus::CMatrix4f mat2{
-      2.f * znear / rml,         0.f, rpl / rml, 0.f,  0.f, 2.f * znear / tmb, tpb / tmb, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, -fpn / fmn,
+      2.f * znear / rml, 0.f, rpl / rml, 0.f,
-      -2.f * zfar * znear / fmn, 0.f, 0.f,       -1.f, 0.f};
+      0.f, 2.f * znear / tmb, tpb / tmb, 0.f,
-  g_Proj = VulkanCorrect * mat2;
+      0.f, 0.f, -fpn / fmn, -2.f * zfar * znear / fmn,
+      0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f};
+  g_Proj = DepthCorrect * mat2;
 }
 
 static constexpr std::array<uint16_t, 20> AABBIdxs{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 1, 7, 3, 5, 5, 0, 0, 2, 6, 4};
@@ -238,8 +243,8 @@ using Vertex = VISIRenderer::Model::Vert;
   [encoder setVertexBuffer:_uniformBuffer offset:0 atIndex:BufferIndexUniforms];
 
   for (int j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
-    GLint x = (j % 3) * 256;
+    NSUInteger x = (j % 3) * 256;
-    GLint y = (j / 3) * 256;
+    NSUInteger y = (j / 3) * 256;
     [encoder setViewport:{x, y, 256, 256, 0, 1}];
     if (j > 0) {
       [encoder setVertexBufferOffset:j * sizeof(Uniforms) atIndex:BufferIndexUniforms];
@@ -404,7 +409,7 @@ using Vertex = VISIRenderer::Model::Vert;
         [encoder setVisibilityResultMode:MTLVisibilityResultModeBoolean offset:queryCount * sizeof(uint64_t)];
         [encoder drawIndexedPrimitives:MTLPrimitiveTypeTriangleStrip
                             indexCount:20
-                             indexType:MTLIndexTypeUInt32
+                             indexType:MTLIndexTypeUInt16
                            indexBuffer:_aabbIndexBuffer
                      indexBufferOffset:0];
       }
@@ -454,6 +459,12 @@ using Vertex = VISIRenderer::Model::Vert;
 }
 @end
 
+void VISIRendererMetal::Run(FPercent updatePercent) {
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    VISIRenderer::Run(updatePercent);
+  }
+}
+
 bool VISIRendererMetal::SetupShaders() { return [view setup]; }
 
 bool VISIRendererMetal::SetupVertexBuffersAndFormats() {

visigen/opengl/VISIRendererOpenGL.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "VISIRenderer.hpp"
+#include "../VISIRenderer.hpp"
 #include "boo/graphicsdev/glew.h"
 
 #include <zeus/CFrustum.hpp>

visigen/vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#include "VISIRendererVulkan.hpp"
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+extern "C" {
+extern const uint8_t VK_FRAGMENT_SPV[];
+extern const size_t VK_FRAGMENT_SPV_SZ;
+extern const uint8_t VK_VERTEX_SPV[];
+extern const size_t VK_VERTEX_SPV_SZ;
+}
+
+static char const* AppName = "VISIGen";
+
+static zeus::CMatrix4f g_Proj;
+
+constexpr zeus::CMatrix4f DepthCorrect(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f,
+                                       1.f);
+
+static void CalculateProjMatrix() {
+  float znear = 0.2f;
+  float zfar = 1000.f;
+  float tfov = std::tan(zeus::degToRad(90.f * 0.5f));
+  float top = znear * tfov;
+  float bottom = -top;
+  float right = znear * tfov;
+  float left = -right;
+
+  float rml = right - left;
+  float rpl = right + left;
+  float tmb = top - bottom;
+  float tpb = top + bottom;
+  float fpn = zfar + znear;
+  float fmn = zfar - znear;
+
+  zeus::CMatrix4f mat2{
+      2.f * znear / rml,         0.f, rpl / rml, 0.f,  0.f, 2.f * znear / tmb, tpb / tmb, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, -fpn / fmn,
+      -2.f * zfar * znear / fmn, 0.f, 0.f,       -1.f, 0.f};
+  g_Proj = DepthCorrect * mat2;
+}
+
+static constexpr std::array<uint16_t, 20> AABBIdxs{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 1, 7, 3, 5, 5, 0, 0, 2, 6, 4};
+
+static const zeus::CMatrix4f LookMATs[] = {
+    {// Forward
+     1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
+    {// Backward
+     -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
+    {// Up
+     1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
+    {// Down
+     1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
+    {// Left
+     0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
+    {// Right
+     0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+static vk::UniqueShaderModule createShaderModule(const vk::UniqueDevice& device, const T* code, size_t size) {
+  return vk::su::assertSuccess(device->createShaderModuleUnique(
+      vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo().setCodeSize(size).setPCode(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code))));
+}
+
+static int rateDeviceSuitability(const vk::PhysicalDevice& device) {
+  int score = 0;
+  const auto deviceProperties = device.getProperties();
+  if (deviceProperties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eDiscreteGpu) {
+    score += 1000;
+  } else if (deviceProperties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu) {
+    score += 100;
+  }
+  //  const auto deviceFeatures = device.getFeatures();
+  //  if (!deviceFeatures.geometryShader) {
+  //    return 0;
+  //  }
+  return score;
+}
+
+static const vk::PhysicalDevice& pickPhysicalDevice(const std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice>& devices) {
+  std::multimap<int, const vk::PhysicalDevice&> candidates;
+  for (const auto& device : devices) {
+    int score = rateDeviceSuitability(device);
+    candidates.insert(std::make_pair(score, device));
+  }
+  if (candidates.rbegin()->first > 0) {
+    return candidates.rbegin()->second;
+  }
+  assert(false && "failed to find a suitable GPU!");
+  return candidates.begin()->second;
+}
+
+bool VISIRendererVulkan::SetupShaders() {
+  instance = vk::su::createInstance(AppName, AppName, {}, vk::su::getInstanceExtensions());
+  physicalDevice = pickPhysicalDevice(vk::su::assertSuccess(instance->enumeratePhysicalDevices()));
+  auto queueFamilyIndex = vk::su::findGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(physicalDevice.getQueueFamilyProperties());
+  device = vk::su::createDevice(physicalDevice, queueFamilyIndex, {});
+  commandPool = vk::su::createCommandPool(device.get(), queueFamilyIndex);
+  commandBuffer = vk::su::createCommandBuffer(device.get(), commandPool.get());
+  graphicsQueue = device->getQueue(queueFamilyIndex, 0);
+  vertexShader = createShaderModule(device, static_cast<const uint8_t*>(VK_VERTEX_SPV), VK_VERTEX_SPV_SZ);
+  fragmentShader = createShaderModule(device, static_cast<const uint8_t*>(VK_FRAGMENT_SPV), VK_FRAGMENT_SPV_SZ);
+  vk::Format colorFormat = vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm;
+  vk::Format depthFormat = vk::Format::eD16Unorm;
+  colorRenderPass = vk::su::createRenderPass(device.get(), colorFormat, depthFormat, vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear,
+                                             vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore, vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear,
+                                             vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal);
+  depthRenderPass = vk::su::createRenderPass(device.get(), colorFormat, depthFormat, vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eDontCare,
+                                             vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare, vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eLoad,
+                                             vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore, vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral);
+  pipelineCache = vk::su::assertSuccess(device->createPipelineCacheUnique(vk::PipelineCacheCreateInfo()));
+
+  descriptorSetLayout = vk::su::createDescriptorSetLayout(
+      device.get(), {{vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBufferDynamic, 1, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex}});
+  descriptorPool = vk::su::createDescriptorPool(device.get(),
+                                                {vk::DescriptorPoolSize(vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBufferDynamic, 1)});
+  pipelineLayout = vk::su::assertSuccess(
+      device->createPipelineLayoutUnique(vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo({}, descriptorSetLayout.get())));
+  std::pair<vk::ShaderModule, vk::SpecializationInfo const*> vertexShaderData{vertexShader.get(), nullptr};
+  std::pair<vk::ShaderModule, vk::SpecializationInfo const*> fragmentShaderData{fragmentShader.get(), nullptr};
+  std::vector<std::pair<vk::Format, uint32_t>> vertexInputAttributeFormats{
+      {vk::Format::eR32G32B32Sfloat, offsetof(Vertex, pos)},
+      {vk::Format::eR32G32B32A32Sfloat, offsetof(Vertex, color)},
+  };
+  colorPipeline = vk::su::createGraphicsPipeline(
+      device.get(), pipelineCache.get(), vertexShaderData, fragmentShaderData, sizeof(Vertex),
+      vertexInputAttributeFormats, vk::FrontFace::eClockwise, true, pipelineLayout.get(), colorRenderPass.get());
+  depthPipeline = vk::su::createGraphicsPipeline(
+      device.get(), pipelineCache.get(), vertexShaderData, fragmentShaderData, sizeof(Vertex),
+      vertexInputAttributeFormats, vk::FrontFace::eClockwise, true, pipelineLayout.get(), depthRenderPass.get());
+  m_extent = vk::Extent2D(768, 512);
+  colorAttachment = std::make_unique<vk::su::ImageData>(
+      physicalDevice, device.get(), colorFormat, m_extent, vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal,
+      vk::ImageUsageFlags{vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc},
+      vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags{vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal},
+      vk::ImageAspectFlags{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor});
+  colorAttachmentRead = std::make_unique<vk::su::ImageData>(
+      physicalDevice, device.get(), colorFormat, m_extent, vk::ImageTiling::eLinear,
+      vk::ImageUsageFlags{vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst}, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+      vk::MemoryPropertyFlags{vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible},
+      vk::ImageAspectFlags{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor});
+  //  depthAttachment = std::make_unique<vk::su::ImageData>(
+  //      physicalDevice, device.get(), vk::Format::eD16Unorm, m_extent, vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal,
+  //      vk::ImageUsageFlags{vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment}, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+  //      vk::MemoryPropertyFlags{vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal},
+  //      vk::ImageAspectFlags{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth});
+  depthAttachment = std::make_unique<vk::su::DepthBufferData>(physicalDevice, device.get(), depthFormat, m_extent);
+  colorFramebuffer = vk::su::createFramebuffer(device.get(), colorRenderPass.get(), colorAttachment->imageView.get(),
+                                               depthAttachment->imageView.get(), m_extent);
+  depthFramebuffer = vk::su::createFramebuffer(device.get(), depthRenderPass.get(), colorAttachment->imageView.get(),
+                                               depthAttachment->imageView.get(), m_extent);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool VISIRendererVulkan::SetupVertexBuffersAndFormats() {
+  size_t vertCount = 0;
+  size_t indexCount = 0;
+  for (const auto& model : m_models) {
+    vertCount += model.verts.size();
+    indexCount += model.idxs.size();
+  }
+  m_entityVertStart = vertCount;
+  vertCount += 8 * m_entities.size();
+  vertCount += m_lights.size();
+  vertexBuffer = createBuffer(vertCount * sizeof(Vertex), {vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eVertexBuffer});
+  indexBuffer = createBuffer(indexCount * sizeof(uint32_t), {vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eIndexBuffer});
+
+  auto* vertMap = static_cast<Vertex*>(vertexBuffer->map(device.get()));
+  auto* indexMap = static_cast<uint32_t*>(indexBuffer->map(device.get()));
+  for (const auto& model : m_models) {
+    memcpy(vertMap, model.verts.data(), model.verts.size() * sizeof(Vertex));
+    memcpy(indexMap, model.idxs.data(), model.idxs.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    vertMap += model.verts.size();
+    indexMap += model.idxs.size();
+  }
+  auto idx = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_models.size());
+  for (const auto& ent : m_entities) {
+    auto verts = VISIRenderer::AABBToVerts(ent.aabb, VISIRenderer::ColorForIndex(idx++));
+    memcpy(vertMap, verts.data(), verts.size() * sizeof(Vertex));
+    vertMap += verts.size();
+  }
+  for (const auto& light : m_lights) {
+    auto* vert = vertMap++;
+    vert->pos = light.point;
+    vert->color = VISIRenderer::ColorForIndex(idx++);
+  }
+  vertexBuffer->unmap(device.get());
+  indexBuffer->unmap(device.get());
+
+  uniformBuffer = createBuffer(sizeof(Uniforms) * 6, {vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eUniformBuffer});
+  aabbIndexBuffer = createBuffer(AABBIdxs.size() * sizeof(uint16_t), {vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eIndexBuffer});
+  aabbIndexBuffer->upload(device.get(), AABBIdxs);
+
+  {
+    const std::array<const vk::DescriptorSetLayout, 1> layouts{descriptorSetLayout.get()};
+    uniformBufferDescriptorSet =
+        std::move(vk::su::assertSuccess(device->allocateDescriptorSetsUnique(
+                                            vk::DescriptorSetAllocateInfo{descriptorPool.get(), layouts}))
+                      .front());
+  }
+  vk::su::updateDescriptorSets(
+      device.get(), uniformBufferDescriptorSet.get(),
+      {{vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBufferDynamic, uniformBuffer->buffer.get(), sizeof(Uniforms)}}, {});
+  return true;
+}
+
+void VISIRendererVulkan::SetupRenderPass(const zeus::CVector3f& pos) {
+  auto posMat = zeus::CTransform::Translate(-pos).toMatrix4f();
+  auto* buffer = static_cast<Uniforms*>(uniformBuffer->map(device.get()));
+  for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
+    zeus::CMatrix4f modelView = LookMATs[j] * posMat;
+    m_frustums[j].updatePlanes(modelView, g_Proj);
+    buffer->projectionMatrix = g_Proj;
+    buffer->modelViewMatrix = modelView;
+    buffer++;
+  }
+  uniformBuffer->unmap(device.get());
+}
+
+void VISIRendererVulkan::RenderPVSOpaque(VISIRenderer::RGBA8* out, bool& needTransparent) {
+  commandBuffer->begin(vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo{});
+
+  {
+    std::array<vk::ClearValue, 2> clearValues{
+        vk::ClearColorValue(std::array<float, 4>{0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}),
+        vk::ClearDepthStencilValue(1.f, 0),
+    };
+    vk::RenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo(colorRenderPass.get(), colorFramebuffer.get(),
+                                                vk::Rect2D{{0, 0}, m_extent}, clearValues.size(), clearValues.data());
+    commandBuffer->beginRenderPass(renderPassBeginInfo, vk::SubpassContents::eInline);
+  }
+  commandBuffer->bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, colorPipeline.get());
+  commandBuffer->setScissor(0, std::array{vk::Rect2D{{}, m_extent}});
+  //  commandBuffer->bindVertexBuffers(0, std::array{vertexBuffer->buffer.get()}, std::array<vk::DeviceSize, 1>{0});
+  commandBuffer->bindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer->buffer.get(), 0, vk::IndexType::eUint32);
+
+  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
+    auto x = static_cast<float>((j % 3) * 256);
+    auto y = static_cast<float>((j / 3) * 256); // NOLINT(bugprone-integer-division)
+    commandBuffer->setViewport(0, std::array{vk::Viewport{x, y, 256.f, 256.f, 0.f, 1.f}});
+    commandBuffer->bindDescriptorSets(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, pipelineLayout.get(), 0,
+                                      std::array{uniformBufferDescriptorSet.get()},
+                                      std::array<uint32_t, 1>{j * sizeof(Uniforms)});
+    size_t vertexBufferOffset = 0;
+    size_t indexBufferOffset = 0;
+    for (const auto& model : m_models) {
+      if (m_frustums[j].aabbFrustumTest(model.aabb)) {
+        commandBuffer->bindVertexBuffers(0, std::array{vertexBuffer->buffer.get()},
+                                         std::array<vk::DeviceSize, 1>{vertexBufferOffset});
+        for (const auto& surf : model.surfaces) {
+          // Non-transparents first
+          if (surf.transparent) {
+            needTransparent = true;
+          } else {
+            assert(model.topology == hecl::HMDLTopology::TriStrips);
+            commandBuffer->drawIndexed(surf.count, 1, indexBufferOffset + surf.first, 0, 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      vertexBufferOffset += model.verts.size() * sizeof(Vertex);
+      indexBufferOffset += model.idxs.size();
+    }
+  }
+
+  commandBuffer->endRenderPass();
+
+  {
+//    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier transferSrcBarrier{
+//        vk::AccessFlagBits::eMemoryRead,
+//        vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead,
+//        vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+//        vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+//        0,
+//        0,
+//        colorAttachment->image.get(),
+//        vk::ImageSubresourceRange{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+//    };
+    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier transferDstBarrier{
+        vk::AccessFlags{},
+        vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+        vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+        vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+        0,
+        0,
+        colorAttachmentRead->image.get(),
+        vk::ImageSubresourceRange{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+    };
+    commandBuffer->pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput, vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer,
+                                   vk::DependencyFlags{}, std::array<vk::MemoryBarrier, 0>{},
+                                   std::array<vk::BufferMemoryBarrier, 0>{},
+//                                   std::array<vk::ImageMemoryBarrier, 2>{transferSrcBarrier, transferDstBarrier}
+                                   std::array<vk::ImageMemoryBarrier, 1>{transferDstBarrier}
+ );
+  }
+  {
+    const vk::ImageCopy imageCopy{vk::ImageSubresourceLayers{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 0, 1}, vk::Offset3D{},
+                                  vk::ImageSubresourceLayers{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 0, 1}, vk::Offset3D{},
+                                  vk::Extent3D{m_extent, 1}};
+    commandBuffer->copyImage(colorAttachment->image.get(), vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+                             colorAttachmentRead->image.get(), vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+                             std::array{imageCopy});
+  }
+//  {
+////    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier transferSrcBarrier{
+////        vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead,
+////        vk::AccessFlags{},
+////        vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+////        vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
+////        0,
+////        0,
+////        colorAttachment->image.get(),
+////        vk::ImageSubresourceRange{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+////    };
+//    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier transferDstBarrier{
+//        vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+//        vk::AccessFlagBits::eHostRead,
+//        vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+//        vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+//        0,
+//        0,
+//        colorAttachmentRead->image.get(),
+//        vk::ImageSubresourceRange{vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 1, 0, 1},
+//    };
+//    commandBuffer->pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer,
+//                                   vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eHost, vk::DependencyFlags{},
+//                                   std::array<vk::MemoryBarrier, 0>{}, std::array<vk::BufferMemoryBarrier, 0>{},
+////                                   std::array<vk::ImageMemoryBarrier, 2>{transferSrcBarrier, transferDstBarrier}
+//                                   std::array<vk::ImageMemoryBarrier, 1>{transferDstBarrier}
+// );
+//  }
+  commandBuffer->end();
+  vk::su::submitAndWait(device.get(), graphicsQueue, commandBuffer.get());
+
+  size_t size = sizeof(VISIRenderer::RGBA8) * m_extent.height * m_extent.width;
+  assert(size == colorAttachmentRead->deviceSize);
+  void* imageMemory = vk::su::assertSuccess(device->mapMemory(colorAttachmentRead->deviceMemory.get(), 0, size));
+  memcpy(out, imageMemory, size);
+  device->unmapMemory(colorAttachmentRead->deviceMemory.get());
+}
+
+void VISIRendererVulkan::RenderPVSTransparent(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc) {}
+
+void VISIRendererVulkan::RenderPVSEntitiesAndLights(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc,
+                                                    const std::function<void(int, EPVSVisSetState)>& lightPassFunc) {}

visigen/vulkan/VISIRendererVulkan.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VISIRenderer.hpp"
+
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+#include <zeus/CFrustum.hpp>
+
+class VISIRendererVulkan : public VISIRenderer {
+  vk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
+  vk::UniqueInstance instance;
+  vk::UniqueDevice device;
+  vk::UniqueCommandPool commandPool;
+  vk::UniqueCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
+  vk::Queue graphicsQueue;
+  vk::UniqueShaderModule vertexShader;
+  vk::UniqueShaderModule fragmentShader;
+  vk::UniqueRenderPass colorRenderPass;
+  vk::UniqueRenderPass depthRenderPass;
+  vk::UniquePipelineCache pipelineCache;
+  vk::UniquePipeline colorPipeline;
+  vk::UniquePipeline depthPipeline;
+  vk::UniqueDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
+  vk::UniqueDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
+  vk::UniqueDescriptorSet uniformBufferDescriptorSet;
+  vk::UniquePipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::ImageData> colorAttachment;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::ImageData> colorAttachmentRead;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::ImageData> depthAttachment;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::BufferData> uniformBuffer;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::BufferData> vertexBuffer;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::BufferData> indexBuffer;
+  std::unique_ptr<vk::su::BufferData> aabbIndexBuffer;
+  vk::UniqueFramebuffer colorFramebuffer;
+  vk::UniqueFramebuffer depthFramebuffer;
+
+  bool SetupShaders() override;
+  bool SetupVertexBuffersAndFormats() override;
+  void SetupRenderPass(const zeus::CVector3f& pos) override;
+
+private:
+  using Vertex = VISIRenderer::Model::Vert;
+  using Uniforms = struct {
+    zeus::CMatrix4f projectionMatrix;
+    zeus::CMatrix4f modelViewMatrix;
+  };
+  size_t m_entityVertStart;
+  std::array<zeus::CFrustum, 6> m_frustums;
+  vk::Extent2D m_extent;
+
+  inline std::unique_ptr<vk::su::BufferData> createBuffer(size_t size, vk::BufferUsageFlags usageFlags) {
+    return std::make_unique<vk::su::BufferData>(physicalDevice, device.get(), size, usageFlags);
+  }
+
+public:
+  VISIRendererVulkan(int argc, const hecl::SystemChar** argv) : VISIRenderer(argc, argv) {}
+  void RenderPVSOpaque(RGBA8* out, bool& needTransparent) override;
+  void RenderPVSTransparent(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc) override;
+  void RenderPVSEntitiesAndLights(const std::function<void(int)>& passFunc,
+                                  const std::function<void(int, EPVSVisSetState)>& lightPassFunc) override;
+};

visigen/vulkan/shader.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable
+
+struct VertToFrag
+{
+    vec4 color;
+};
+
+layout(location=0) in VertToFrag vtf;
+layout(location=0) out vec4 colorOut;
+void main()
+{
+    colorOut = vtf.color;
+}

visigen/vulkan/shader.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable
+
+layout(location=0) in vec4 posIn;
+layout(location=1) in vec4 colorIn;
+
+layout(binding=0) uniform UniformBlock
+{
+    mat4 projectionMatrix;
+    mat4 modelViewMatrix;
+};
+
+struct VertToFrag
+{
+    vec4 color;
+};
+
+layout(location=0) out VertToFrag vtf;
+void main()
+{
+    vtf.color = colorIn;
+    gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(posIn.xyz, 1.0);
+}

visigen/vulkan/utils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+// no need to ignore any warnings with MSVC
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-braces"
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+// no need to ignore any warnings with GCC
+#else
+// unknow compiler... just ignore the warnings for yourselves ;)
+#endif
+
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <memory>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <utility>
+
+#if (VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC == 1)
+VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC_STORAGE
+#endif
+
+namespace vk::su {
+vk::UniqueDeviceMemory allocateDeviceMemory(vk::Device const& device,
+                                            vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const& memoryProperties,
+                                            vk::MemoryRequirements const& memoryRequirements,
+                                            vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags) {
+  uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memoryProperties, memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, memoryPropertyFlags);
+
+  return assertSuccess(device.allocateMemoryUnique(vk::MemoryAllocateInfo(memoryRequirements.size, memoryTypeIndex)));
+}
+
+bool contains(std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> const& extensionProperties, std::string const& extensionName) {
+  auto propertyIterator =
+      std::find_if(extensionProperties.begin(), extensionProperties.end(),
+                   [&extensionName](vk::ExtensionProperties const& ep) { return extensionName == ep.extensionName; });
+  return (propertyIterator != extensionProperties.end());
+}
+
+vk::UniqueCommandPool createCommandPool(vk::Device const& device, uint32_t queueFamilyIndex) {
+  vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo commandPoolCreateInfo(vk::CommandPoolCreateFlagBits::eResetCommandBuffer, queueFamilyIndex);
+  return assertSuccess(device.createCommandPoolUnique(commandPoolCreateInfo));
+}
+
+vk::UniqueCommandBuffer createCommandBuffer(vk::Device const& device, vk::CommandPool const& commandPool) {
+  const vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo info(commandPool, vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary, 1);
+  auto commandBuffers = vk::su::assertSuccess(device.allocateCommandBuffersUnique(info));
+  return std::move(commandBuffers.front());
+}
+
+vk::DebugUtilsMessengerEXT createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(vk::Instance const& instance) {
+  return instance.createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(vk::su::makeDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT()).value;
+}
+
+vk::UniqueDescriptorPool createDescriptorPool(vk::Device const& device,
+                                        std::vector<vk::DescriptorPoolSize> const& poolSizes) {
+  assert(!poolSizes.empty());
+  uint32_t maxSets =
+      std::accumulate(poolSizes.begin(), poolSizes.end(), 0,
+                      [](uint32_t sum, vk::DescriptorPoolSize const& dps) { return sum + dps.descriptorCount; });
+  assert(0 < maxSets);
+
+  vk::DescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolCreateInfo(vk::DescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits::eFreeDescriptorSet, maxSets,
+                                                        poolSizes);
+  return assertSuccess(device.createDescriptorPoolUnique(descriptorPoolCreateInfo));
+}
+
+vk::UniqueDescriptorSetLayout createDescriptorSetLayout(
+    vk::Device const& device,
+    std::vector<std::tuple<vk::DescriptorType, uint32_t, vk::ShaderStageFlags>> const& bindingData,
+    vk::DescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags flags) {
+  std::vector<vk::DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings(bindingData.size());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bindingData.size(); i++) {
+    bindings[i] = vk::DescriptorSetLayoutBinding(checked_cast<uint32_t>(i), std::get<0>(bindingData[i]),
+                                                 std::get<1>(bindingData[i]), std::get<2>(bindingData[i]));
+  }
+  return assertSuccess(device.createDescriptorSetLayoutUnique(vk::DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(flags, bindings)));
+}
+
+vk::UniqueDevice createDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, uint32_t queueFamilyIndex,
+                              std::vector<std::string> const& extensions,
+                              vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures const* physicalDeviceFeatures, void const* pNext) {
+  std::vector<char const*> enabledExtensions;
+  enabledExtensions.reserve(extensions.size());
+  for (auto const& ext : extensions) {
+    enabledExtensions.push_back(ext.data());
+  }
+
+  float queuePriority = 0.0f;
+  vk::DeviceQueueCreateInfo deviceQueueCreateInfo({}, queueFamilyIndex, 1, &queuePriority);
+  vk::DeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo({}, deviceQueueCreateInfo, {}, enabledExtensions, physicalDeviceFeatures);
+  deviceCreateInfo.pNext = pNext;
+
+  vk::UniqueDevice device = assertSuccess(physicalDevice.createDeviceUnique(deviceCreateInfo));
+#if (VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC == 1)
+  // initialize function pointers for instance
+  VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(device.get());
+#endif
+  return device;
+}
+
+vk::UniqueFramebuffer createFramebuffer(vk::Device const& device, vk::RenderPass& renderPass,
+                                        vk::ImageView const& colorImageView, vk::ImageView const& depthImageView,
+                                        vk::Extent2D const& extent) {
+  std::array<vk::ImageView, 2> attachments{colorImageView, depthImageView};
+  vk::FramebufferCreateInfo framebufferCreateInfo(vk::FramebufferCreateFlags(), renderPass, depthImageView ? 2 : 1,
+                                                  attachments.data(), extent.width, extent.height, 1);
+  return assertSuccess(device.createFramebufferUnique(framebufferCreateInfo));
+}
+
+vk::UniquePipeline createGraphicsPipeline(
+    vk::Device const& device, vk::PipelineCache const& pipelineCache,
+    std::pair<vk::ShaderModule, vk::SpecializationInfo const*> const& vertexShaderData,
+    std::pair<vk::ShaderModule, vk::SpecializationInfo const*> const& fragmentShaderData, uint32_t vertexStride,
+    std::vector<std::pair<vk::Format, uint32_t>> const& vertexInputAttributeFormatOffset, vk::FrontFace frontFace,
+    bool depthBuffered, vk::PipelineLayout const& pipelineLayout, vk::RenderPass const& renderPass) {
+  std::array<vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> pipelineShaderStageCreateInfos = {
+      vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo(vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateFlags(), vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex,
+                                        vertexShaderData.first, "main", vertexShaderData.second),
+      vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo(vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateFlags(), vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment,
+                                        fragmentShaderData.first, "main", fragmentShaderData.second)};
+
+  std::vector<vk::VertexInputAttributeDescription> vertexInputAttributeDescriptions;
+  vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo;
+  vk::VertexInputBindingDescription vertexInputBindingDescription(0, vertexStride);
+
+  if (0 < vertexStride) {
+    vertexInputAttributeDescriptions.reserve(vertexInputAttributeFormatOffset.size());
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexInputAttributeFormatOffset.size(); i++) {
+      vertexInputAttributeDescriptions.emplace_back(i, 0, vertexInputAttributeFormatOffset[i].first,
+                                                    vertexInputAttributeFormatOffset[i].second);
+    }
+    pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo.setVertexBindingDescriptions(vertexInputBindingDescription);
+    pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo.setVertexAttributeDescriptions(vertexInputAttributeDescriptions);
+  }
+
+  vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(
+      vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags(), vk::PrimitiveTopology::eTriangleStrip);
+
+  vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateFlags(), 1,
+                                                                      nullptr, 1, nullptr);
+
+  vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(
+      vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateFlags(), VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE, vk::PolygonMode::eFill,
+      vk::CullModeFlagBits::eBack, frontFace, VK_FALSE, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+
+  vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo({}, vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1);
+
+  vk::StencilOpState stencilOpState(vk::StencilOp::eKeep, vk::StencilOp::eKeep, vk::StencilOp::eKeep,
+                                    vk::CompareOp::eAlways);
+  vk::PipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(
+      vk::PipelineDepthStencilStateCreateFlags(), static_cast<vk::Bool32>(depthBuffered),
+      static_cast<vk::Bool32>(depthBuffered), vk::CompareOp::eLessOrEqual, VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE, stencilOpState,
+      stencilOpState);
+
+  vk::ColorComponentFlags colorComponentFlags(vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eR | vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eG |
+                                              vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eB | vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eA);
+  vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(
+      VK_FALSE, vk::BlendFactor::eZero, vk::BlendFactor::eZero, vk::BlendOp::eAdd, vk::BlendFactor::eZero,
+      vk::BlendFactor::eZero, vk::BlendOp::eAdd, colorComponentFlags);
+  vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(
+      vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags(), VK_FALSE, vk::LogicOp::eNoOp, pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState,
+      {{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}});
+
+  std::array<vk::DynamicState, 2> dynamicStates = {vk::DynamicState::eViewport, vk::DynamicState::eScissor};
+  vk::PipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(vk::PipelineDynamicStateCreateFlags(),
+                                                                    dynamicStates);
+
+  vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo graphicsPipelineCreateInfo(
+      vk::PipelineCreateFlags(), pipelineShaderStageCreateInfos, &pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo,
+      &pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo,
+      &pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo, &pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo, &pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo,
+      &pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo, &pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo, pipelineLayout, renderPass);
+
+  return assertSuccess(device.createGraphicsPipelineUnique(pipelineCache, graphicsPipelineCreateInfo));
+}
+
+std::vector<char const*> gatherExtensions(std::vector<std::string> const& extensions
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+                                          ,
+                                          std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> const& extensionProperties
+#endif
+) {
+  std::vector<char const*> enabledExtensions;
+  enabledExtensions.reserve(extensions.size());
+  for (auto const& ext : extensions) {
+    assert(std::find_if(extensionProperties.begin(), extensionProperties.end(),
+                        [ext](vk::ExtensionProperties const& ep) { return ext == ep.extensionName; }) !=
+           extensionProperties.end());
+    enabledExtensions.push_back(ext.data());
+  }
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+  if (std::find(extensions.begin(), extensions.end(), VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME) == extensions.end() &&
+      std::find_if(extensionProperties.begin(), extensionProperties.end(), [](vk::ExtensionProperties const& ep) {
+        return (strcmp(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME, ep.extensionName) == 0);
+      }) != extensionProperties.end()) {
+    enabledExtensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+  }
+#endif
+  return enabledExtensions;
+}
+
+std::vector<char const*> gatherLayers(std::vector<std::string> const& layers
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+                                      ,
+                                      std::vector<vk::LayerProperties> const& layerProperties
+#endif
+) {
+  std::vector<char const*> enabledLayers;
+  enabledLayers.reserve(layers.size());
+  for (auto const& layer : layers) {
+    assert(std::find_if(layerProperties.begin(), layerProperties.end(), [layer](vk::LayerProperties const& lp) {
+             return layer == lp.layerName;
+           }) != layerProperties.end());
+    enabledLayers.push_back(layer.data());
+  }
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+  // Enable standard validation layer to find as much errors as possible!
+  if (std::find(layers.begin(), layers.end(), "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation") == layers.end() &&
+      std::find_if(layerProperties.begin(), layerProperties.end(), [](vk::LayerProperties const& lp) {
+        return (strcmp("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation", lp.layerName) == 0);
+      }) != layerProperties.end()) {
+    enabledLayers.push_back("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
+  }
+#endif
+  return enabledLayers;
+}
+
+vk::UniqueInstance createInstance(std::string const& appName, std::string const& engineName,
+                                  std::vector<std::string> const& layers, std::vector<std::string> const& extensions,
+                                  uint32_t apiVersion) {
+#if (VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC == 1)
+  static vk::DynamicLoader dl;
+  auto vkGetInstanceProcAddr = dl.getProcAddress<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>("vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
+  VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);
+#endif
+
+  vk::ApplicationInfo applicationInfo(appName.c_str(), 1, engineName.c_str(), 1, apiVersion);
+  std::vector<char const*> enabledLayers = vk::su::gatherLayers(layers
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+                                                                , vk::enumerateInstanceLayerProperties().value
+#endif
+                                                                );
+  std::vector<char const*> enabledExtensions =
+      vk::su::gatherExtensions(extensions
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+                               , vk::enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties().value
+#endif
+                               );
+
+  vk::UniqueInstance instance = assertSuccess(vk::createInstanceUnique(
+      makeInstanceCreateInfoChain(applicationInfo, enabledLayers, enabledExtensions).get<vk::InstanceCreateInfo>()));
+
+#if (VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC == 1)
+  // initialize function pointers for instance
+  VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(instance.get());
+#endif
+
+  return instance;
+}
+
+vk::UniqueRenderPass createRenderPass(vk::Device const& device, vk::Format colorFormat, vk::Format depthFormat,
+                                      vk::AttachmentLoadOp colorLoadOp, vk::AttachmentStoreOp colorStoreOp,
+                                      vk::AttachmentLoadOp depthLoadOp, vk::AttachmentStoreOp depthStoreOp,
+                                      vk::ImageLayout colorFinalLayout) {
+  std::vector<vk::AttachmentDescription> attachmentDescriptions;
+  assert(colorFormat != vk::Format::eUndefined);
+  attachmentDescriptions.emplace_back(vk::AttachmentDescriptionFlags(), colorFormat, vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1,
+                                      colorLoadOp, colorStoreOp, vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eDontCare,
+                                      vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined, colorFinalLayout);
+  if (depthFormat != vk::Format::eUndefined) {
+    attachmentDescriptions.emplace_back(
+        vk::AttachmentDescriptionFlags(), depthFormat, vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1, depthLoadOp, depthStoreOp,
+        vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eDontCare, vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare,
+        vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal);
+  }
+  vk::AttachmentReference colorAttachment(0, vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal);
+  vk::AttachmentReference depthAttachment(1, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal);
+  vk::SubpassDescription subpassDescription(vk::SubpassDescriptionFlags(), vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, {},
+                                            colorAttachment, {},
+                                            (depthFormat != vk::Format::eUndefined) ? &depthAttachment : nullptr);
+  return assertSuccess(device.createRenderPassUnique(
+      vk::RenderPassCreateInfo(vk::RenderPassCreateFlags(), attachmentDescriptions, subpassDescription)));
+}
+
+VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugUtilsMessengerCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
+                                                           VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypes,
+                                                           VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT const* pCallbackData,
+                                                           void* /*pUserData*/) {
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+  if (pCallbackData->messageIdNumber == 648835635) {
+    // UNASSIGNED-khronos-Validation-debug-build-warning-message
+    return VK_FALSE;
+  }
+  if (pCallbackData->messageIdNumber == 767975156) {
+    // UNASSIGNED-BestPractices-vkCreateInstance-specialuse-extension
+    return VK_FALSE;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  std::cerr << vk::to_string(static_cast<vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT>(messageSeverity)) << ": "
+            << vk::to_string(static_cast<vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT>(messageTypes)) << ":\n";
+  std::cerr << "\t"
+            << "messageIDName   = <" << pCallbackData->pMessageIdName << ">\n";
+  std::cerr << "\t"
+            << "messageIdNumber = " << pCallbackData->messageIdNumber << "\n";
+  std::cerr << "\t"
+            << "message         = <" << pCallbackData->pMessage << ">\n";
+  if (0 < pCallbackData->queueLabelCount) {
+    std::cerr << "\t"
+              << "Queue Labels:\n";
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < pCallbackData->queueLabelCount; i++) {
+      std::cerr << "\t\t"
+                << "labelName = <" << pCallbackData->pQueueLabels[i].pLabelName << ">\n";
+    }
+  }
+  if (0 < pCallbackData->cmdBufLabelCount) {
+    std::cerr << "\t"
+              << "CommandBuffer Labels:\n";
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < pCallbackData->cmdBufLabelCount; i++) {
+      std::cerr << "\t\t"
+                << "labelName = <" << pCallbackData->pCmdBufLabels[i].pLabelName << ">\n";
+    }
+  }
+  if (0 < pCallbackData->objectCount) {
+    std::cerr << "\t"
+              << "Objects:\n";
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < pCallbackData->objectCount; i++) {
+      std::cerr << "\t\t"
+                << "Object " << i << "\n";
+      std::cerr << "\t\t\t"
+                << "objectType   = "
+                << vk::to_string(static_cast<vk::ObjectType>(pCallbackData->pObjects[i].objectType)) << "\n";
+      std::cerr << "\t\t\t"
+                << "objectHandle = " << pCallbackData->pObjects[i].objectHandle << "\n";
+      if (pCallbackData->pObjects[i].pObjectName != nullptr) {
+        std::cerr << "\t\t\t"
+                  << "objectName   = <" << pCallbackData->pObjects[i].pObjectName << ">\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return VK_TRUE;
+}
+
+uint32_t findGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(std::vector<vk::QueueFamilyProperties> const& queueFamilyProperties) {
+  // get the first index into queueFamiliyProperties which supports graphics
+  const auto graphicsQueueFamilyProperty =
+      std::find_if(queueFamilyProperties.begin(), queueFamilyProperties.end(),
+                   [](vk::QueueFamilyProperties const& qfp) { return qfp.queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics; });
+  assert(graphicsQueueFamilyProperty != queueFamilyProperties.end());
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(std::distance(queueFamilyProperties.begin(), graphicsQueueFamilyProperty));
+}
+
+std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> findGraphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex(vk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
+                                                                     vk::SurfaceKHR const& surface) {
+  std::vector<vk::QueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilyProperties = physicalDevice.getQueueFamilyProperties();
+  assert(queueFamilyProperties.size() < std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+  uint32_t graphicsQueueFamilyIndex = findGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(queueFamilyProperties);
+  if (physicalDevice.getSurfaceSupportKHR(graphicsQueueFamilyIndex, surface).value == VK_TRUE) {
+    return std::make_pair(graphicsQueueFamilyIndex,
+                          graphicsQueueFamilyIndex); // the first graphicsQueueFamilyIndex does also support presents
+  }
+
+  // the graphicsQueueFamilyIndex doesn't support present -> look for an other family index that supports both
+  // graphics and present
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < queueFamilyProperties.size(); i++) {
+    if ((queueFamilyProperties[i].queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics) &&
+        physicalDevice.getSurfaceSupportKHR(static_cast<uint32_t>(i), surface).value == VK_TRUE) {
+      return std::make_pair(static_cast<uint32_t>(i), static_cast<uint32_t>(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // there's nothing like a single family index that supports both graphics and present -> look for an other family
+  // index that supports present
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < queueFamilyProperties.size(); i++) {
+    if (physicalDevice.getSurfaceSupportKHR(static_cast<uint32_t>(i), surface).value == VK_TRUE) {
+      return std::make_pair(graphicsQueueFamilyIndex, static_cast<uint32_t>(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(false && "Could not find queues for both graphics or present -> terminating");
+  return {};
+}
+
+uint32_t findMemoryType(vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const& memoryProperties, uint32_t typeBits,
+                        vk::MemoryPropertyFlags requirementsMask) {
+  auto typeIndex = uint32_t(~0);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memoryProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
+    if (((typeBits & 1) != 0u) &&
+        ((memoryProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & requirementsMask) == requirementsMask)) {
+      typeIndex = i;
+      break;
+    }
+    typeBits >>= 1;
+  }
+  assert(typeIndex != uint32_t(~0));
+  return typeIndex;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> getDeviceExtensions() { return {VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME}; }
+
+std::vector<std::string> getInstanceExtensions() {
+  std::vector<std::string> extensions;
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_MVK_IOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MIR_KHR)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_MIR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_VI_NN)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_NN_VI_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_XCB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_XRANDR_EXT)
+  extensions.emplace_back(VK_EXT_ACQUIRE_XLIB_DISPLAY_EXTENSION_NAME);
+#endif
+  return extensions;
+}
+
+vk::Format pickDepthFormat(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice) {
+  std::vector<vk::Format> candidates = {vk::Format::eD32Sfloat, vk::Format::eD32SfloatS8Uint,
+                                        vk::Format::eD24UnormS8Uint};
+  for (vk::Format format : candidates) {
+    vk::FormatProperties props = physicalDevice.getFormatProperties(format);
+
+    if (props.optimalTilingFeatures & vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment) {
+      return format;
+    }
+  }
+  return vk::Format::eUndefined;
+}
+
+vk::PresentModeKHR pickPresentMode(std::vector<vk::PresentModeKHR> const& presentModes) {
+  vk::PresentModeKHR pickedMode = vk::PresentModeKHR::eFifo;
+  for (const auto& presentMode : presentModes) {
+    if (presentMode == vk::PresentModeKHR::eMailbox) {
+      pickedMode = presentMode;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (presentMode == vk::PresentModeKHR::eImmediate) {
+      pickedMode = presentMode;
+    }
+  }
+  return pickedMode;
+}
+
+vk::SurfaceFormatKHR pickSurfaceFormat(std::vector<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR> const& formats) {
+  assert(!formats.empty());
+  vk::SurfaceFormatKHR pickedFormat = formats[0];
+  if (formats.size() == 1) {
+    if (formats[0].format == vk::Format::eUndefined) {
+      pickedFormat.format = vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm;
+      pickedFormat.colorSpace = vk::ColorSpaceKHR::eSrgbNonlinear;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // request several formats, the first found will be used
+    vk::Format requestedFormats[] = {vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm, vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm, vk::Format::eB8G8R8Unorm,
+                                     vk::Format::eR8G8B8Unorm};
+    vk::ColorSpaceKHR requestedColorSpace = vk::ColorSpaceKHR::eSrgbNonlinear;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(requestedFormats) / sizeof(requestedFormats[0]); i++) {
+      vk::Format requestedFormat = requestedFormats[i];
+      auto it = std::find_if(formats.begin(), formats.end(),
+                             [requestedFormat, requestedColorSpace](vk::SurfaceFormatKHR const& f) {
+                               return (f.format == requestedFormat) && (f.colorSpace == requestedColorSpace);
+                             });
+      if (it != formats.end()) {
+        pickedFormat = *it;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  assert(pickedFormat.colorSpace == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::eSrgbNonlinear);
+  return pickedFormat;
+}
+
+void setImageLayout(vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer, vk::Image image, vk::Format format,
+                    vk::ImageLayout oldImageLayout, vk::ImageLayout newImageLayout) {
+  vk::AccessFlags sourceAccessMask;
+  switch (oldImageLayout) {
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal:
+    sourceAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::ePreinitialized:
+    sourceAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eHostWrite;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral: // sourceAccessMask is empty
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined:
+    break;
+  default:
+    assert(false);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  vk::PipelineStageFlags sourceStage;
+  switch (oldImageLayout) {
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral:
+  case vk::ImageLayout::ePreinitialized:
+    sourceStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eHost;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal:
+    sourceStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined:
+    sourceStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTopOfPipe;
+    break;
+  default:
+    assert(false);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  vk::AccessFlags destinationAccessMask;
+  switch (newImageLayout) {
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal:
+    destinationAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal:
+    destinationAccessMask =
+        vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentRead | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentWrite;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral: // empty destinationAccessMask
+  case vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR:
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal:
+    destinationAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderRead;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal:
+    destinationAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal:
+    destinationAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite;
+    break;
+  default:
+    assert(false);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  vk::PipelineStageFlags destinationStage;
+  switch (newImageLayout) {
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal:
+    destinationStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal:
+    destinationStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eEarlyFragmentTests;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral:
+    destinationStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eHost;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR:
+    destinationStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eBottomOfPipe;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal:
+    destinationStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eFragmentShader;
+    break;
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal:
+  case vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal:
+    destinationStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer;
+    break;
+  default:
+    assert(false);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  vk::ImageAspectFlags aspectMask;
+  if (newImageLayout == vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal) {
+    aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth;
+    if (format == vk::Format::eD32SfloatS8Uint || format == vk::Format::eD24UnormS8Uint) {
+      aspectMask |= vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eStencil;
+    }
+  } else {
+    aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor;
+  }
+
+  vk::ImageSubresourceRange imageSubresourceRange(aspectMask, 0, 1, 0, 1);
+  vk::ImageMemoryBarrier imageMemoryBarrier(sourceAccessMask, destinationAccessMask, oldImageLayout, newImageLayout,
+                                            VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED, VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED, image,
+                                            imageSubresourceRange);
+  return commandBuffer.pipelineBarrier(sourceStage, destinationStage, {}, nullptr, nullptr, imageMemoryBarrier);
+}
+
+void submitAndWait(vk::Device const& device, vk::Queue const& queue, vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer) {
+  vk::Fence fence = device.createFence(vk::FenceCreateInfo()).value;
+  queue.submit(vk::SubmitInfo(0, nullptr, nullptr, 1, &commandBuffer), fence);
+  while (vk::Result::eTimeout == device.waitForFences(fence, VK_TRUE, vk::su::FenceTimeout)) {}
+  device.destroyFence(fence);
+}
+
+void updateDescriptorSets(
+    vk::Device const& device, vk::DescriptorSet const& descriptorSet,
+    std::vector<std::tuple<vk::DescriptorType, vk::Buffer const&, vk::DeviceSize>> const& bufferData,
+    uint32_t bindingOffset) {
+  std::vector<vk::DescriptorBufferInfo> bufferInfos;
+  bufferInfos.reserve(bufferData.size());
+
+  std::vector<vk::WriteDescriptorSet> writeDescriptorSets;
+  writeDescriptorSets.reserve(bufferData.size() + 1);
+  uint32_t dstBinding = bindingOffset;
+  for (auto const& bd : bufferData) {
+    bufferInfos.emplace_back(std::get<1>(bd), 0, std::get<2>(bd));
+    writeDescriptorSets.emplace_back(descriptorSet, dstBinding++, 0, 1, std::get<0>(bd), nullptr, &bufferInfos.back());
+  }
+
+  device.updateDescriptorSets(writeDescriptorSets, nullptr);
+}
+
+BufferData::BufferData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::DeviceSize size,
+                       vk::BufferUsageFlags usage, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags propertyFlags)
+: size(size)
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+, m_usage(usage)
+, m_propertyFlags(propertyFlags)
+#endif
+{
+  buffer = assertSuccess(device.createBufferUnique(vk::BufferCreateInfo(vk::BufferCreateFlags(), size, usage)));
+  deviceMemory = vk::su::allocateDeviceMemory(device, physicalDevice.getMemoryProperties(),
+                                              device.getBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer.get()), propertyFlags);
+  device.bindBufferMemory(buffer.get(), deviceMemory.get(), 0);
+}
+
+DepthBufferData::DepthBufferData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::Format format,
+                                 vk::Extent2D const& extent)
+: ImageData(physicalDevice, device, format, extent, vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal,
+            vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+            vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal, vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth) {}
+
+ImageData::ImageData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::Format format_,
+                     vk::Extent2D const& extent, vk::ImageTiling tiling, vk::ImageUsageFlags usage,
+                     vk::ImageLayout initialLayout, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memoryProperties,
+                     vk::ImageAspectFlags aspectMask)
+: format(format_) {
+  vk::ImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo(vk::ImageCreateFlags(), vk::ImageType::e2D, format, vk::Extent3D(extent, 1), 1, 1,
+                                      vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1, tiling, usage | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled,
+                                      vk::SharingMode::eExclusive, {}, initialLayout);
+  image = assertSuccess(device.createImageUnique(imageCreateInfo));
+
+  auto memoryRequirements = device.getImageMemoryRequirements(image.get());
+  deviceSize = memoryRequirements.size;
+  deviceMemory = vk::su::allocateDeviceMemory(device, physicalDevice.getMemoryProperties(), memoryRequirements, memoryProperties);
+
+  device.bindImageMemory(image.get(), deviceMemory.get(), 0);
+
+  vk::ComponentMapping componentMapping(ComponentSwizzle::eR, ComponentSwizzle::eG, ComponentSwizzle::eB,
+                                        ComponentSwizzle::eA);
+  vk::ImageSubresourceRange imageSubresourceRange(aspectMask, 0, 1, 0, 1);
+  vk::ImageViewCreateInfo imageViewCreateInfo({}, image.get(), vk::ImageViewType::e2D, format, componentMapping,
+                                              imageSubresourceRange);
+  imageView = assertSuccess(device.createImageViewUnique(imageViewCreateInfo));
+}
+
+TextureData::TextureData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device,
+                         vk::Extent2D const& extent_, vk::ImageUsageFlags usageFlags,
+                         vk::FormatFeatureFlags formatFeatureFlags, bool anisotropyEnable, bool forceStaging)
+: format(vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm), extent(extent_) {
+  vk::FormatProperties formatProperties = physicalDevice.getFormatProperties(format);
+
+  formatFeatureFlags |= vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eSampledImage;
+  needsStaging = forceStaging || ((formatProperties.linearTilingFeatures & formatFeatureFlags) != formatFeatureFlags);
+  vk::ImageTiling imageTiling;
+  vk::ImageLayout initialLayout;
+  vk::MemoryPropertyFlags requirements;
+  if (needsStaging) {
+    assert((formatProperties.optimalTilingFeatures & formatFeatureFlags) == formatFeatureFlags);
+    stagingBufferData = std::make_unique<BufferData>(physicalDevice, device, extent.width * extent.height * 4,
+                                                     vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc);
+    imageTiling = vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal;
+    usageFlags |= vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
+    initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined;
+  } else {
+    imageTiling = vk::ImageTiling::eLinear;
+    initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::ePreinitialized;
+    requirements = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible;
+  }
+  imageData = std::make_unique<ImageData>(physicalDevice, device, format, extent, imageTiling,
+                                          usageFlags | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled, initialLayout, requirements,
+                                          vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor);
+
+  sampler = assertSuccess(device.createSamplerUnique(vk::SamplerCreateInfo(
+      vk::SamplerCreateFlags(), vk::Filter::eLinear, vk::Filter::eLinear, vk::SamplerMipmapMode::eLinear,
+      vk::SamplerAddressMode::eRepeat, vk::SamplerAddressMode::eRepeat, vk::SamplerAddressMode::eRepeat, 0.0f,
+      static_cast<vk::Bool32>(anisotropyEnable), 16.0f, VK_FALSE, vk::CompareOp::eNever, 0.0f, 0.0f,
+      vk::BorderColor::eFloatOpaqueBlack)));
+}
+
+UUID::UUID(uint8_t const data[VK_UUID_SIZE]) { memcpy(m_data, data, VK_UUID_SIZE * sizeof(uint8_t)); }
+
+vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT makeDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT() {
+  return {{},
+          vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning | vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError,
+          vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eGeneral | vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::ePerformance |
+              vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eValidation,
+          &vk::su::debugUtilsMessengerCallback};
+}
+
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo>
+#elif defined(VULKAN_HPP_UTILS_USE_BEST_PRACTICES)
+vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo, vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT, vk::ValidationFeaturesEXT>
+#else
+vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo, vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT>
+#endif
+makeInstanceCreateInfoChain(vk::ApplicationInfo const& applicationInfo, std::vector<char const*> const& enabledLayers,
+                            std::vector<char const*> const& enabledExtensions) {
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+  // in non-debug mode just use the InstanceCreateInfo for instance creation
+  vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo> instanceCreateInfo(
+      {{}, &applicationInfo, enabledLayers, enabledExtensions});
+#else
+  // in debug mode, addionally use the debugUtilsMessengerCallback in instance creation!
+  vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severityFlags(vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning |
+                                                      vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError);
+  vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypeFlags(vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eGeneral |
+                                                     vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::ePerformance |
+                                                     vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eValidation);
+#if defined(VULKAN_HPP_UTILS_USE_BEST_PRACTICES)
+  vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT validationFeatureEnable = vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT::eBestPractices;
+  vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo, vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT, vk::ValidationFeaturesEXT>
+      instanceCreateInfo({{}, &applicationInfo, enabledLayers, enabledExtensions},
+                         {{}, severityFlags, messageTypeFlags, &vk::su::debugUtilsMessengerCallback},
+                         {validationFeatureEnable});
+#else
+  vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo, vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT> instanceCreateInfo(
+      {{}, &applicationInfo, enabledLayers, enabledExtensions},
+      {{}, severityFlags, messageTypeFlags, &vk::su::debugUtilsMessengerCallback});
+#endif
+#endif
+  return instanceCreateInfo;
+}
+
+} // namespace vk::su
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, vk::su::UUID const& uuid) {
+  os << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < VK_UUID_SIZE; ++j) {
+    os << std::setw(2) << static_cast<uint32_t>(uuid.m_data[j]);
+    if (j == 3 || j == 5 || j == 7 || j == 9) {
+      std::cout << '-';
+    }
+  }
+  os << std::setfill(' ') << std::dec;
+  return os;
+}

visigen/vulkan/utils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Copyright(c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#define VULKAN_HPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#define VULKAN_HPP_ASSERT_ON_RESULT
+//#define VULKAN_HPP_UTILS_USE_BEST_PRACTICES 1
+#define VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC 1
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+
+namespace vk::su {
+template <typename T>
+inline static T assertSuccess(vk::ResultValue<T> result) {
+  assert(result.result == vk::Result::eSuccess);
+  return std::move(result.value);
+}
+
+const uint64_t FenceTimeout = 100000000;
+
+template <typename Func>
+void oneTimeSubmit(vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer, vk::Queue const& queue, Func const& func) {
+  commandBuffer.begin(vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo(vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit));
+  func(commandBuffer);
+  commandBuffer.end();
+  queue.submit(vk::SubmitInfo(0, nullptr, nullptr, 1, &commandBuffer), nullptr);
+  queue.waitIdle();
+}
+
+template <typename Func>
+void oneTimeSubmit(vk::Device const& device, vk::CommandPool const& commandPool, vk::Queue const& queue,
+                   Func const& func) {
+  vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer =
+      device.allocateCommandBuffers(vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo(commandPool, vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary, 1))
+          .value.front();
+  oneTimeSubmit(commandBuffer, queue, func);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void copyToDevice(vk::Device const& device, vk::DeviceMemory const& deviceMemory, T const* pData, size_t count,
+                  vk::DeviceSize stride = sizeof(T)) {
+  assert(sizeof(T) <= stride);
+  uint8_t* deviceData = static_cast<uint8_t*>(device.mapMemory(deviceMemory, 0, count * stride).value);
+  if (stride == sizeof(T)) {
+    memcpy(deviceData, pData, count * sizeof(T));
+  } else {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      memcpy(deviceData, &pData[i], sizeof(T));
+      deviceData += stride;
+    }
+  }
+  device.unmapMemory(deviceMemory);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void copyToDevice(vk::Device const& device, vk::DeviceMemory const& deviceMemory, T const& data) {
+  copyToDevice<T>(device, deviceMemory, &data, 1);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+VULKAN_HPP_INLINE constexpr const T& clamp(const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi) {
+  return v < lo ? lo : hi < v ? hi : v;
+}
+
+void setImageLayout(vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer, vk::Image image, vk::Format format,
+                    vk::ImageLayout oldImageLayout, vk::ImageLayout newImageLayout);
+
+struct BufferData {
+  BufferData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::DeviceSize size,
+             vk::BufferUsageFlags usage,
+             vk::MemoryPropertyFlags propertyFlags = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible |
+                                                     vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
+
+  template <typename DataType>
+  void upload(vk::Device const& device, DataType const& data) const {
+    assert((m_propertyFlags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent) &&
+           (m_propertyFlags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible));
+    assert(sizeof(DataType) <= size);
+
+    void* dataPtr = assertSuccess(device.mapMemory(deviceMemory.get(), 0, sizeof(DataType)));
+    memcpy(dataPtr, &data, sizeof(DataType));
+    device.unmapMemory(deviceMemory.get());
+  }
+
+  template <typename DataType>
+  void upload(vk::Device const& device, std::vector<DataType> const& data, size_t stride = 0) const {
+    assert(m_propertyFlags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible);
+
+    size_t elementSize = stride ? stride : sizeof(DataType);
+    assert(sizeof(DataType) <= elementSize);
+
+    copyToDevice(device, deviceMemory, data.data(), data.size(), elementSize);
+  }
+
+  template <typename DataType>
+  void upload(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::CommandPool const& commandPool,
+              vk::Queue queue, std::vector<DataType> const& data, size_t stride) const {
+    assert(m_usage & vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst);
+    assert(m_propertyFlags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+
+    size_t elementSize = stride ? stride : sizeof(DataType);
+    assert(sizeof(DataType) <= elementSize);
+
+    size_t dataSize = data.size() * elementSize;
+    assert(dataSize <= size);
+
+    vk::su::BufferData stagingBuffer(physicalDevice, device, dataSize, vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc);
+    copyToDevice(device, stagingBuffer.deviceMemory, data.data(), data.size(), elementSize);
+
+    vk::su::oneTimeSubmit(device, commandPool, queue, [&](vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer) {
+      commandBuffer.copyBuffer(stagingBuffer.buffer.get(), buffer.get(), vk::BufferCopy(0, 0, dataSize));
+    });
+  }
+
+  void* map(vk::Device const& device) { return assertSuccess(device.mapMemory(deviceMemory.get(), 0, size)); }
+
+  void unmap(vk::Device const& device) { device.unmapMemory(deviceMemory.get()); }
+
+  vk::UniqueBuffer buffer;
+  vk::UniqueDeviceMemory deviceMemory;
+  vk::DeviceSize size;
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+private:
+  vk::BufferUsageFlags m_usage;
+  vk::MemoryPropertyFlags m_propertyFlags;
+#endif
+};
+
+struct ImageData {
+  ImageData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::Format format,
+            vk::Extent2D const& extent, vk::ImageTiling tiling, vk::ImageUsageFlags usage,
+            vk::ImageLayout initialLayout, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memoryProperties, vk::ImageAspectFlags aspectMask);
+
+  vk::Format format;
+  vk::UniqueImage image;
+  vk::UniqueDeviceMemory deviceMemory;
+  vk::DeviceSize deviceSize;
+  vk::UniqueImageView imageView;
+};
+
+struct DepthBufferData : public ImageData {
+  DepthBufferData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device, vk::Format format,
+                  vk::Extent2D const& extent);
+};
+
+struct TextureData {
+  TextureData(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, vk::Device const& device,
+              vk::Extent2D const& extent_ = {256, 256}, vk::ImageUsageFlags usageFlags = {},
+              vk::FormatFeatureFlags formatFeatureFlags = {}, bool anisotropyEnable = false, bool forceStaging = false);
+
+  template <typename ImageGenerator>
+  void setImage(vk::Device const& device, vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer,
+                ImageGenerator const& imageGenerator) {
+    void* data =
+        needsStaging
+            ? assertSuccess(device.mapMemory(stagingBufferData->deviceMemory.get(), 0, stagingBufferData->size))
+            : assertSuccess(device.mapMemory(imageData->deviceMemory.get(), 0, imageData->deviceSize));
+    imageGenerator(data, extent);
+    device.unmapMemory(needsStaging ? stagingBufferData->deviceMemory.get() : imageData->deviceMemory.get());
+
+    if (needsStaging) {
+      // Since we're going to blit to the texture image, set its layout to eTransferDstOptimal
+      vk::su::setImageLayout(commandBuffer, imageData->image.get(), imageData->format, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+                             vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal);
+      vk::BufferImageCopy copyRegion(0, extent.width, extent.height,
+                                     vk::ImageSubresourceLayers(vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 0, 1),
+                                     vk::Offset3D(0, 0, 0), vk::Extent3D(extent, 1));
+      commandBuffer.copyBufferToImage(stagingBufferData->buffer.get(), imageData->image.get(),
+                                      vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, copyRegion);
+      // Set the layout for the texture image from eTransferDstOptimal to SHADER_READ_ONLY
+      vk::su::setImageLayout(commandBuffer, imageData->image.get(), imageData->format,
+                             vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal);
+    } else {
+      // If we can use the linear tiled image as a texture, just do it
+      vk::su::setImageLayout(commandBuffer, imageData->image.get(), imageData->format, vk::ImageLayout::ePreinitialized,
+                             vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal);
+    }
+  }
+
+  vk::Format format;
+  vk::Extent2D extent;
+  bool needsStaging;
+  std::unique_ptr<BufferData> stagingBufferData;
+  std::unique_ptr<ImageData> imageData;
+  vk::UniqueSampler sampler;
+};
+
+struct UUID {
+public:
+  UUID(uint8_t const data[VK_UUID_SIZE]);
+
+  uint8_t m_data[VK_UUID_SIZE];
+};
+
+template <typename TargetType, typename SourceType>
+VULKAN_HPP_INLINE TargetType checked_cast(SourceType value) {
+  static_assert(sizeof(TargetType) <= sizeof(SourceType), "No need to cast from smaller to larger type!");
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<SourceType>::is_integer, "Only integer types supported!");
+  static_assert(!std::numeric_limits<SourceType>::is_signed, "Only unsigned types supported!");
+  static_assert(std::numeric_limits<TargetType>::is_integer, "Only integer types supported!");
+  static_assert(!std::numeric_limits<TargetType>::is_signed, "Only unsigned types supported!");
+  assert(value <= std::numeric_limits<TargetType>::max());
+  return static_cast<TargetType>(value);
+}
+
+vk::UniqueDeviceMemory allocateDeviceMemory(vk::Device const& device,
+                                            vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const& memoryProperties,
+                                            vk::MemoryRequirements const& memoryRequirements,
+                                            vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags);
+bool contains(std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> const& extensionProperties, std::string const& extensionName);
+vk::UniqueCommandPool createCommandPool(vk::Device const& device, uint32_t queueFamilyIndex);
+vk::UniqueCommandBuffer createCommandBuffer(vk::Device const& device, vk::CommandPool const& commandPool);
+vk::DebugUtilsMessengerEXT createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(vk::Instance const& instance);
+vk::UniqueDescriptorPool createDescriptorPool(vk::Device const& device,
+                                              std::vector<vk::DescriptorPoolSize> const& poolSizes);
+vk::UniqueDescriptorSetLayout createDescriptorSetLayout(
+    vk::Device const& device,
+    std::vector<std::tuple<vk::DescriptorType, uint32_t, vk::ShaderStageFlags>> const& bindingData,
+    vk::DescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags flags = {});
+vk::UniqueDevice createDevice(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice, uint32_t queueFamilyIndex,
+                              std::vector<std::string> const& extensions = {},
+                              vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures const* physicalDeviceFeatures = nullptr,
+                              void const* pNext = nullptr);
+vk::UniqueFramebuffer createFramebuffer(vk::Device const& device, vk::RenderPass& renderPass,
+                                        vk::ImageView const& colorImageView, vk::ImageView const& depthImageView,
+                                        vk::Extent2D const& extent);
+vk::UniquePipeline createGraphicsPipeline(
+    vk::Device const& device, vk::PipelineCache const& pipelineCache,
+    std::pair<vk::ShaderModule, vk::SpecializationInfo const*> const& vertexShaderData,
+    std::pair<vk::ShaderModule, vk::SpecializationInfo const*> const& fragmentShaderData, uint32_t vertexStride,
+    std::vector<std::pair<vk::Format, uint32_t>> const& vertexInputAttributeFormatOffset, vk::FrontFace frontFace,
+    bool depthBuffered, vk::PipelineLayout const& pipelineLayout, vk::RenderPass const& renderPass);
+vk::UniqueInstance createInstance(std::string const& appName, std::string const& engineName,
+                                  std::vector<std::string> const& layers = {},
+                                  std::vector<std::string> const& extensions = {},
+                                  uint32_t apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0);
+vk::UniqueRenderPass createRenderPass(vk::Device const& device, vk::Format colorFormat, vk::Format depthFormat,
+                                      vk::AttachmentLoadOp colorloadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eDontCare,
+                                      vk::AttachmentStoreOp colorStoreOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore,
+                                      vk::AttachmentLoadOp depthLoadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear,
+                                      vk::AttachmentStoreOp depthStoreOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare,
+                                      vk::ImageLayout colorFinalLayout = vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR);
+VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugUtilsMessengerCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
+                                                           VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypes,
+                                                           VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT const* pCallbackData,
+                                                           void* /*pUserData*/);
+uint32_t findGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(std::vector<vk::QueueFamilyProperties> const& queueFamilyProperties);
+std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> findGraphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex(vk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
+                                                                     vk::SurfaceKHR const& surface);
+uint32_t findMemoryType(vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const& memoryProperties, uint32_t typeBits,
+                        vk::MemoryPropertyFlags requirementsMask);
+std::vector<char const*> gatherExtensions(std::vector<std::string> const& extensions
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+                                          ,
+                                          std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> const& extensionProperties
+#endif
+);
+std::vector<char const*> gatherLayers(std::vector<std::string> const& layers
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+                                      ,
+                                      std::vector<vk::LayerProperties> const& layerProperties
+#endif
+);
+std::vector<std::string> getDeviceExtensions();
+std::vector<std::string> getInstanceExtensions();
+vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT makeDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT();
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo>
+#elif defined(VULKAN_HPP_UTILS_USE_BEST_PRACTICES)
+vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo, vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT, vk::ValidationFeaturesEXT>
+#else
+vk::StructureChain<vk::InstanceCreateInfo, vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT>
+#endif
+makeInstanceCreateInfoChain(vk::ApplicationInfo const& applicationInfo, std::vector<char const*> const& enabledLayers,
+                            std::vector<char const*> const& enabledExtensions);
+vk::Format pickDepthFormat(vk::PhysicalDevice const& physicalDevice);
+vk::PresentModeKHR pickPresentMode(std::vector<vk::PresentModeKHR> const& presentModes);
+vk::SurfaceFormatKHR pickSurfaceFormat(std::vector<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR> const& formats);
+void submitAndWait(vk::Device const& device, vk::Queue const& queue, vk::CommandBuffer const& commandBuffer);
+void updateDescriptorSets(
+    vk::Device const& device, vk::DescriptorSet const& descriptorSet,
+    std::vector<std::tuple<vk::DescriptorType, vk::Buffer const&, vk::DeviceSize>> const& bufferData,
+    uint32_t bindingOffset = 0);
+
+} // namespace vk::su
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, vk::su::UUID const& uuid);