dawn-cmake/src/dawn_native/vulkan/RenderPipelineVk.cpp

// Copyright 2018 The Dawn Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "dawn_native/vulkan/RenderPipelineVk.h"

#include "dawn_native/vulkan/DeviceVk.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/FencedDeleter.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/PipelineLayoutVk.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/RenderPassCache.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/ShaderModuleVk.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/TextureVk.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/UtilsVulkan.h"
#include "dawn_native/vulkan/VulkanError.h"

namespace dawn_native { namespace vulkan {

    namespace {

        VkVertexInputRate VulkanInputRate(wgpu::VertexStepMode stepMode) {
            switch (stepMode) {
                case wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex:
                    return VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
                case wgpu::VertexStepMode::Instance:
                    return VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE;
            }
        }

        VkFormat VulkanVertexFormat(wgpu::VertexFormat format) {
            switch (format) {
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint8x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint8x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint8x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint8x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm8x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm8x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint16x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint16x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint16x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint16x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm16x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm16x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm16x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm16x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Float16x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Float16x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32x3:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint32:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint32x2:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint32x3:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT;
                case wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint32x4:
                    return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT;
                default:
                    UNREACHABLE();
            }
        }

        VkPrimitiveTopology VulkanPrimitiveTopology(wgpu::PrimitiveTopology topology) {
            switch (topology) {
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::PointList:
                    return VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST;
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineList:
                    return VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST;
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineStrip:
                    return VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP;
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList:
                    return VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleStrip:
                    return VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP;
            }
        }

        bool ShouldEnablePrimitiveRestart(wgpu::PrimitiveTopology topology) {
            // Primitive restart is always enabled in WebGPU but Vulkan validation rules ask that
            // primitive restart be only enabled on primitive topologies that support restarting.
            switch (topology) {
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::PointList:
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineList:
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList:
                    return false;
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineStrip:
                case wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleStrip:
                    return true;
            }
        }

        VkFrontFace VulkanFrontFace(wgpu::FrontFace face) {
            switch (face) {
                case wgpu::FrontFace::CCW:
                    return VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
                case wgpu::FrontFace::CW:
                    return VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
            }
        }

        VkCullModeFlagBits VulkanCullMode(wgpu::CullMode mode) {
            switch (mode) {
                case wgpu::CullMode::None:
                    return VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
                case wgpu::CullMode::Front:
                    return VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT;
                case wgpu::CullMode::Back:
                    return VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
            }
        }

        VkBlendFactor VulkanBlendFactor(wgpu::BlendFactor factor) {
            switch (factor) {
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::Zero:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::One:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::Src:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::SrcAlpha:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcAlpha:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::Dst:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusDst:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::DstAlpha:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusDstAlpha:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::SrcAlphaSaturated:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::Constant:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR;
                case wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusConstant:
                    return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR;
            }
        }

        VkBlendOp VulkanBlendOperation(wgpu::BlendOperation operation) {
            switch (operation) {
                case wgpu::BlendOperation::Add:
                    return VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
                case wgpu::BlendOperation::Subtract:
                    return VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT;
                case wgpu::BlendOperation::ReverseSubtract:
                    return VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT;
                case wgpu::BlendOperation::Min:
                    return VK_BLEND_OP_MIN;
                case wgpu::BlendOperation::Max:
                    return VK_BLEND_OP_MAX;
            }
        }

        VkColorComponentFlags VulkanColorWriteMask(wgpu::ColorWriteMask mask,
                                                   bool isDeclaredInFragmentShader) {
            // Vulkan and Dawn color write masks match, static assert it and return the mask
            static_assert(static_cast<VkColorComponentFlagBits>(wgpu::ColorWriteMask::Red) ==
                              VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT,
                          "");
            static_assert(static_cast<VkColorComponentFlagBits>(wgpu::ColorWriteMask::Green) ==
                              VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT,
                          "");
            static_assert(static_cast<VkColorComponentFlagBits>(wgpu::ColorWriteMask::Blue) ==
                              VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT,
                          "");
            static_assert(static_cast<VkColorComponentFlagBits>(wgpu::ColorWriteMask::Alpha) ==
                              VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
                          "");

            // According to Vulkan SPEC (Chapter 14.3): "The input values to blending or color
            // attachment writes are undefined for components which do not correspond to a fragment
            // shader outputs", we set the color write mask to 0 to prevent such undefined values
            // being written into the color attachments.
            return isDeclaredInFragmentShader ? static_cast<VkColorComponentFlags>(mask)
                                              : static_cast<VkColorComponentFlags>(0);
        }

        VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState ComputeColorDesc(const ColorTargetState* state,
                                                             bool isDeclaredInFragmentShader) {
            VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState attachment;
            attachment.blendEnable = state->blend != nullptr ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
            if (attachment.blendEnable) {
                attachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VulkanBlendFactor(state->blend->color.srcFactor);
                attachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VulkanBlendFactor(state->blend->color.dstFactor);
                attachment.colorBlendOp = VulkanBlendOperation(state->blend->color.operation);
                attachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VulkanBlendFactor(state->blend->alpha.srcFactor);
                attachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VulkanBlendFactor(state->blend->alpha.dstFactor);
                attachment.alphaBlendOp = VulkanBlendOperation(state->blend->alpha.operation);
            } else {
                // Swiftshader's Vulkan implementation appears to expect these values to be valid
                // even when blending is not enabled.
                attachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                attachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
                attachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
                attachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                attachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
                attachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
            }
            attachment.colorWriteMask =
                VulkanColorWriteMask(state->writeMask, isDeclaredInFragmentShader);
            return attachment;
        }

        VkStencilOp VulkanStencilOp(wgpu::StencilOperation op) {
            switch (op) {
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::Zero:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_ZERO;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::IncrementClamp:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_CLAMP;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::DecrementClamp:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_CLAMP;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::Invert:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_INVERT;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::IncrementWrap:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_WRAP;
                case wgpu::StencilOperation::DecrementWrap:
                    return VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_WRAP;
            }
        }

        VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo ComputeDepthStencilDesc(
            const DepthStencilState* descriptor) {
            VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState;
            depthStencilState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            depthStencilState.pNext = nullptr;
            depthStencilState.flags = 0;

            // Depth writes only occur if depth is enabled
            depthStencilState.depthTestEnable =
                (descriptor->depthCompare == wgpu::CompareFunction::Always &&
                 !descriptor->depthWriteEnabled)
                    ? VK_FALSE
                    : VK_TRUE;
            depthStencilState.depthWriteEnable = descriptor->depthWriteEnabled ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
            depthStencilState.depthCompareOp = ToVulkanCompareOp(descriptor->depthCompare);
            depthStencilState.depthBoundsTestEnable = false;
            depthStencilState.minDepthBounds = 0.0f;
            depthStencilState.maxDepthBounds = 1.0f;

            depthStencilState.stencilTestEnable =
                StencilTestEnabled(descriptor) ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;

            depthStencilState.front.failOp = VulkanStencilOp(descriptor->stencilFront.failOp);
            depthStencilState.front.passOp = VulkanStencilOp(descriptor->stencilFront.passOp);
            depthStencilState.front.depthFailOp =
                VulkanStencilOp(descriptor->stencilFront.depthFailOp);
            depthStencilState.front.compareOp = ToVulkanCompareOp(descriptor->stencilFront.compare);

            depthStencilState.back.failOp = VulkanStencilOp(descriptor->stencilBack.failOp);
            depthStencilState.back.passOp = VulkanStencilOp(descriptor->stencilBack.passOp);
            depthStencilState.back.depthFailOp =
                VulkanStencilOp(descriptor->stencilBack.depthFailOp);
            depthStencilState.back.compareOp = ToVulkanCompareOp(descriptor->stencilBack.compare);

            // Dawn doesn't have separate front and back stencil masks.
            depthStencilState.front.compareMask = descriptor->stencilReadMask;
            depthStencilState.back.compareMask = descriptor->stencilReadMask;
            depthStencilState.front.writeMask = descriptor->stencilWriteMask;
            depthStencilState.back.writeMask = descriptor->stencilWriteMask;

            // The stencil reference is always dynamic
            depthStencilState.front.reference = 0;
            depthStencilState.back.reference = 0;

            return depthStencilState;
        }

    }  // anonymous namespace

    // static
    ResultOrError<Ref<RenderPipeline>> RenderPipeline::Create(
        Device* device,
        const RenderPipelineDescriptor* descriptor) {
        Ref<RenderPipeline> pipeline = AcquireRef(new RenderPipeline(device, descriptor));
        DAWN_TRY(pipeline->Initialize());
        return pipeline;
    }

    MaybeError RenderPipeline::Initialize() {
        Device* device = ToBackend(GetDevice());

        // There are at most 2 shader stages in render pipeline, i.e. vertex and fragment
        std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;
        uint32_t stageCount = 0;

        for (auto stage : IterateStages(this->GetStageMask())) {
            VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStage;

            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(shaderStage.module,
                            ToBackend(GetStage(stage).module)
                                ->GetTransformedModuleHandle(GetStage(stage).entryPoint.c_str(),
                                                             ToBackend(GetLayout())));

            shaderStage.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
            shaderStage.pNext = nullptr;
            shaderStage.flags = 0;
            shaderStage.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;
            shaderStage.pName = GetStage(stage).entryPoint.c_str();

            switch (stage) {
                case dawn_native::SingleShaderStage::Vertex: {
                    shaderStage.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
                    break;
                }
                case dawn_native::SingleShaderStage::Fragment: {
                    shaderStage.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
                    break;
                }
                default: {
                    // For render pipeline only Vertex and Fragment stage is possible
                    DAWN_UNREACHABLE();
                    break;
                }
            }

            DAWN_ASSERT(stageCount < 2);
            shaderStages[stageCount] = shaderStage;
            stageCount++;
        }

        PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfoTemporaryAllocations tempAllocations;
        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputCreateInfo =
            ComputeVertexInputDesc(&tempAllocations);

        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly;
        inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        inputAssembly.pNext = nullptr;
        inputAssembly.flags = 0;
        inputAssembly.topology = VulkanPrimitiveTopology(GetPrimitiveTopology());
        inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = ShouldEnablePrimitiveRestart(GetPrimitiveTopology());

        // A dummy viewport/scissor info. The validation layers force use to provide at least one
        // scissor and one viewport here, even if we choose to make them dynamic.
        VkViewport viewportDesc;
        viewportDesc.x = 0.0f;
        viewportDesc.y = 0.0f;
        viewportDesc.width = 1.0f;
        viewportDesc.height = 1.0f;
        viewportDesc.minDepth = 0.0f;
        viewportDesc.maxDepth = 1.0f;
        VkRect2D scissorRect;
        scissorRect.offset.x = 0;
        scissorRect.offset.y = 0;
        scissorRect.extent.width = 1;
        scissorRect.extent.height = 1;
        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport;
        viewport.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        viewport.pNext = nullptr;
        viewport.flags = 0;
        viewport.viewportCount = 1;
        viewport.pViewports = &viewportDesc;
        viewport.scissorCount = 1;
        viewport.pScissors = &scissorRect;

        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterization;
        rasterization.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        rasterization.pNext = nullptr;
        rasterization.flags = 0;
        rasterization.depthClampEnable = ShouldClampDepth() ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
        rasterization.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
        rasterization.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
        rasterization.cullMode = VulkanCullMode(GetCullMode());
        rasterization.frontFace = VulkanFrontFace(GetFrontFace());
        rasterization.depthBiasEnable = IsDepthBiasEnabled();
        rasterization.depthBiasConstantFactor = GetDepthBias();
        rasterization.depthBiasClamp = GetDepthBiasClamp();
        rasterization.depthBiasSlopeFactor = GetDepthBiasSlopeScale();
        rasterization.lineWidth = 1.0f;

        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample;
        multisample.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        multisample.pNext = nullptr;
        multisample.flags = 0;
        multisample.rasterizationSamples = VulkanSampleCount(GetSampleCount());
        multisample.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
        multisample.minSampleShading = 0.0f;
        // VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.pSampleMask is an array of length
        // ceil(rasterizationSamples / 32) and since we're passing a single uint32_t
        // we have to assert that this length is indeed 1.
        ASSERT(multisample.rasterizationSamples <= 32);
        VkSampleMask sampleMask = GetSampleMask();
        multisample.pSampleMask = &sampleMask;
        multisample.alphaToCoverageEnable = IsAlphaToCoverageEnabled();
        multisample.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE;

        VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState =
            ComputeDepthStencilDesc(GetDepthStencilState());

        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlend;
        // colorBlend may hold pointers to elements in colorBlendAttachments, so it must have a
        // definition scope as same as colorBlend
        ityp::array<ColorAttachmentIndex, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState, kMaxColorAttachments>
            colorBlendAttachments;
        if (GetStageMask() & wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment) {
            // Initialize the "blend state info" that will be chained in the "create info" from the
            // data pre-computed in the ColorState
            const auto& fragmentOutputsWritten =
                GetStage(SingleShaderStage::Fragment).metadata->fragmentOutputsWritten;
            for (ColorAttachmentIndex i : IterateBitSet(GetColorAttachmentsMask())) {
                const ColorTargetState* target = GetColorTargetState(i);
                colorBlendAttachments[i] = ComputeColorDesc(target, fragmentOutputsWritten[i]);
            }

            colorBlend.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            colorBlend.pNext = nullptr;
            colorBlend.flags = 0;
            // LogicOp isn't supported so we disable it.
            colorBlend.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
            colorBlend.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR;
            colorBlend.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(GetColorAttachmentsMask().count());
            colorBlend.pAttachments = colorBlendAttachments.data();
            // The blend constant is always dynamic so we fill in a dummy value
            colorBlend.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
            colorBlend.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
            colorBlend.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
            colorBlend.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;
        }

        // Tag all state as dynamic but stencil masks and depth bias.
        VkDynamicState dynamicStates[] = {
            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,     VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH,   VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS,
            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE,
        };
        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic;
        dynamic.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        dynamic.pNext = nullptr;
        dynamic.flags = 0;
        dynamic.dynamicStateCount = sizeof(dynamicStates) / sizeof(dynamicStates[0]);
        dynamic.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates;

        // Get a VkRenderPass that matches the attachment formats for this pipeline, load ops don't
        // matter so set them all to LoadOp::Load
        VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        {
            RenderPassCacheQuery query;

            for (ColorAttachmentIndex i : IterateBitSet(GetColorAttachmentsMask())) {
                query.SetColor(i, GetColorAttachmentFormat(i), wgpu::LoadOp::Load, false);
            }

            if (HasDepthStencilAttachment()) {
                query.SetDepthStencil(GetDepthStencilFormat(), wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
                                      wgpu::LoadOp::Load);
            }

            query.SetSampleCount(GetSampleCount());

            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(renderPass, device->GetRenderPassCache()->GetRenderPass(query));
        }

        // The create info chains in a bunch of things created on the stack here or inside state
        // objects.
        VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo createInfo;
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        createInfo.flags = 0;
        createInfo.stageCount = stageCount;
        createInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();
        createInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputCreateInfo;
        createInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
        createInfo.pTessellationState = nullptr;
        createInfo.pViewportState = &viewport;
        createInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterization;
        createInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisample;
        createInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
        createInfo.pColorBlendState =
            (GetStageMask() & wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment) ? &colorBlend : nullptr;
        createInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamic;
        createInfo.layout = ToBackend(GetLayout())->GetHandle();
        createInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
        createInfo.subpass = 0;
        createInfo.basePipelineHandle = VkPipeline{};
        createInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;

        DAWN_TRY(CheckVkSuccess(
            device->fn.CreateGraphicsPipelines(device->GetVkDevice(), VkPipelineCache{}, 1,
                                               &createInfo, nullptr, &*mHandle),
            "CreateGraphicsPipeline"));

        SetLabelImpl();

        return {};
    }

    void RenderPipeline::SetLabelImpl() {
        SetDebugName(ToBackend(GetDevice()), VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE,
                     reinterpret_cast<uint64_t&>(mHandle), "Dawn_RenderPipeline", GetLabel());
    }

    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo RenderPipeline::ComputeVertexInputDesc(
        PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfoTemporaryAllocations* tempAllocations) {
        // Fill in the "binding info" that will be chained in the create info
        uint32_t bindingCount = 0;
        for (VertexBufferSlot slot : IterateBitSet(GetVertexBufferSlotsUsed())) {
            const VertexBufferInfo& bindingInfo = GetVertexBuffer(slot);

            VkVertexInputBindingDescription* bindingDesc = &tempAllocations->bindings[bindingCount];
            bindingDesc->binding = static_cast<uint8_t>(slot);
            bindingDesc->stride = bindingInfo.arrayStride;
            bindingDesc->inputRate = VulkanInputRate(bindingInfo.stepMode);

            bindingCount++;
        }

        // Fill in the "attribute info" that will be chained in the create info
        uint32_t attributeCount = 0;
        for (VertexAttributeLocation loc : IterateBitSet(GetAttributeLocationsUsed())) {
            const VertexAttributeInfo& attributeInfo = GetAttribute(loc);

            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription* attributeDesc =
                &tempAllocations->attributes[attributeCount];
            attributeDesc->location = static_cast<uint8_t>(loc);
            attributeDesc->binding = static_cast<uint8_t>(attributeInfo.vertexBufferSlot);
            attributeDesc->format = VulkanVertexFormat(attributeInfo.format);
            attributeDesc->offset = attributeInfo.offset;

            attributeCount++;
        }

        // Build the create info
        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo createInfo;
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        createInfo.flags = 0;
        createInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = bindingCount;
        createInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = tempAllocations->bindings.data();
        createInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = attributeCount;
        createInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = tempAllocations->attributes.data();
        return createInfo;
    }

    RenderPipeline::~RenderPipeline() {
        if (mHandle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            ToBackend(GetDevice())->GetFencedDeleter()->DeleteWhenUnused(mHandle);
            mHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
    }

    VkPipeline RenderPipeline::GetHandle() const {
        return mHandle;
    }

}}  // namespace dawn_native::vulkan