boo/lib/graphicsdev/Vulkan.cpp

#include "boo/graphicsdev/Vulkan.hpp"
#include "boo/IGraphicsContext.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <glslang/Public/ShaderLang.h>
#include <StandAlone/ResourceLimits.h>
#include <SPIRV/GlslangToSpv.h>
#include <SPIRV/disassemble.h>
#include "boo/graphicsdev/GLSLMacros.hpp"
#include "Common.hpp"
#include "xxhash.h"

#define AMD_PAL_HACK 1

#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0
#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"

#include "logvisor/logvisor.hpp"

#define BOO_VK_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SETS 65536

#undef min
#undef max
#undef None

static const char* GammaVS =
"#version 330\n"
BOO_GLSL_BINDING_HEAD
"layout(location=0) in vec4 posIn;\n"
"layout(location=1) in vec4 uvIn;\n"
"\n"
"struct VertToFrag\n"
"{\n"
"    vec2 uv;\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"SBINDING(0) out VertToFrag vtf;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"    vtf.uv = uvIn.xy;\n"
"    gl_Position = posIn;\n"
"}\n";

static const char* GammaFS =
"#version 330\n"
BOO_GLSL_BINDING_HEAD
"struct VertToFrag\n"
"{\n"
"    vec2 uv;\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"SBINDING(0) in VertToFrag vtf;\n"
"layout(location=0) out vec4 colorOut;\n"
"TBINDING0 uniform sampler2D screenTex;\n"
"TBINDING1 uniform sampler2D gammaLUT;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"    ivec4 tex = ivec4(texture(screenTex, vtf.uv) * 65535.0);\n"
"    for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; ++i)\n"
"        colorOut[i] = texelFetch(gammaLUT, ivec2(tex[i] % 256, tex[i] / 256), 0).r;\n"
"}\n";

namespace boo
{
static logvisor::Module Log("boo::Vulkan");
VulkanContext g_VulkanContext;
class VulkanDataFactoryImpl;
struct VulkanCommandQueue;
struct VulkanDescriptorPool;

struct VulkanShareableShader : IShareableShader<VulkanDataFactoryImpl, VulkanShareableShader>
{
    VkShaderModule m_shader;
    VulkanShareableShader(VulkanDataFactoryImpl& fac, uint64_t srcKey, uint64_t binKey,
                          VkShaderModule s)
    : IShareableShader(fac, srcKey, binKey), m_shader(s) {}
    ~VulkanShareableShader() { vk::DestroyShaderModule(g_VulkanContext.m_dev, m_shader, nullptr); }
};

class VulkanDataFactoryImpl : public VulkanDataFactory, public GraphicsDataFactoryHead
{
    friend struct VulkanCommandQueue;
    friend class VulkanDataFactory::Context;
    friend struct VulkanData;
    friend struct VulkanPool;
    friend struct VulkanDescriptorPool;
    friend struct VulkanShaderDataBinding;
    IGraphicsContext* m_parent;
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    VulkanDescriptorPool* m_descPoolHead = nullptr;
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::unique_ptr<VulkanShareableShader>> m_sharedShaders;
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint64_t> m_sourceToBinary;
    std::vector<int> m_texUnis;

    float m_gamma = 1.f;
    ObjToken<IShaderPipeline> m_gammaShader;
    ObjToken<ITextureD> m_gammaLUT;
    ObjToken<IGraphicsBufferS> m_gammaVBO;
    ObjToken<IVertexFormat> m_gammaVFMT;
    ObjToken<IShaderDataBinding> m_gammaBinding;
    void SetupGammaResources()
    {
        commitTransaction([this](IGraphicsDataFactory::Context& ctx)
        {
            const VertexElementDescriptor vfmt[] = {
                {nullptr, nullptr, VertexSemantic::Position4},
                {nullptr, nullptr, VertexSemantic::UV4}
            };
            m_gammaVFMT = ctx.newVertexFormat(2, vfmt);
            m_gammaShader = static_cast<Context&>(ctx).newShaderPipeline(GammaVS, GammaFS,
                m_gammaVFMT, BlendFactor::One, BlendFactor::Zero,
                Primitive::TriStrips, ZTest::None, false, true, false, CullMode::None);
            m_gammaLUT = ctx.newDynamicTexture(256, 256, TextureFormat::I16, TextureClampMode::ClampToEdge);
            setDisplayGamma(1.f);
            const struct Vert {
                float pos[4];
                float uv[4];
            } verts[4] = {
                {{-1.f, -1.f, 0.f, 1.f}, {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f}},
                {{ 1.f, -1.f, 0.f, 1.f}, {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f}},
                {{-1.f,  1.f, 0.f, 1.f}, {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f}},
                {{ 1.f,  1.f, 0.f, 1.f}, {1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f}}
            };
            m_gammaVBO = ctx.newStaticBuffer(BufferUse::Vertex, verts, 32, 4);
            ObjToken<ITexture> texs[] = {{}, m_gammaLUT.get()};
            m_gammaBinding = ctx.newShaderDataBinding(m_gammaShader, m_gammaVFMT, m_gammaVBO.get(), {}, {},
                                                      0, nullptr, nullptr, 2, texs, nullptr, nullptr);
            return true;
        } BooTrace);
    }

    void DestroyGammaResources()
    {
        m_gammaBinding.reset();
        m_gammaVFMT.reset();
        m_gammaVBO.reset();
        m_gammaLUT.reset();
        m_gammaShader.reset();
    }

public:
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl(IGraphicsContext* parent, VulkanContext* ctx);
    ~VulkanDataFactoryImpl()
    {
        assert(m_descPoolHead == nullptr && "Dangling descriptor pools detected");
    }

    Platform platform() const {return Platform::Vulkan;}
    const SystemChar* platformName() const {return _S("Vulkan");}

    boo::ObjToken<VulkanDescriptorPool> allocateDescriptorSets(VkDescriptorSet* out);

    void commitTransaction(const FactoryCommitFunc& __BooTraceArgs);

    boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBufferD> newPoolBuffer(BufferUse use, size_t stride, size_t count __BooTraceArgs);

    void _unregisterShareableShader(uint64_t srcKey, uint64_t binKey)
    {
        if (srcKey)
            m_sourceToBinary.erase(srcKey);
        m_sharedShaders.erase(binKey);
    }

    void setDisplayGamma(float gamma)
    {
        m_gamma = gamma;
        if (gamma != 1.f)
            UpdateGammaLUT(m_gammaLUT.get(), gamma);
    }

    uint64_t CompileVert(std::vector<unsigned int>& out, const char* vertSource, uint64_t srcKey);
    uint64_t CompileFrag(std::vector<unsigned int>& out, const char* fragSource, uint64_t srcKey);
};

static inline void ThrowIfFailed(VkResult res)
{
    if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "%d\n", res);
}

static inline void ThrowIfFalse(bool res)
{
    if (!res)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "operation failed\n", res);
}

static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL
dbgFunc(VkDebugReportFlagsEXT msgFlags, VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objType,
        uint64_t srcObject, size_t location, int32_t msgCode,
        const char *pLayerPrefix, const char *pMsg, void *pUserData)
{
    if (msgFlags & VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT) {
        Log.report(logvisor::Error, "[%s] Code %d : %s", pLayerPrefix, msgCode, pMsg);
    } else if (msgFlags & VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT) {
        Log.report(logvisor::Warning, "[%s] Code %d : %s", pLayerPrefix, msgCode, pMsg);
    } else if (msgFlags & VK_DEBUG_REPORT_PERFORMANCE_WARNING_BIT_EXT) {
        Log.report(logvisor::Warning, "[%s] Code %d : %s", pLayerPrefix, msgCode, pMsg);
    } else if (msgFlags & VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT) {
        Log.report(logvisor::Info, "[%s] Code %d : %s", pLayerPrefix, msgCode, pMsg);
    } else if (msgFlags & VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT) {
        Log.report(logvisor::Info, "[%s] Code %d : %s", pLayerPrefix, msgCode, pMsg);
    }

    /*
     * false indicates that layer should not bail-out of an
     * API call that had validation failures. This may mean that the
     * app dies inside the driver due to invalid parameter(s).
     * That's what would happen without validation layers, so we'll
     * keep that behavior here.
     */
    return VK_FALSE;
}

static void SetImageLayout(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkImage image,
                           VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
                           VkImageLayout old_image_layout,
                           VkImageLayout new_image_layout,
                           uint32_t mipCount, uint32_t layerCount)
{
    VkImageMemoryBarrier imageMemoryBarrier = {};
    imageMemoryBarrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    imageMemoryBarrier.pNext = NULL;
    imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
    imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
    imageMemoryBarrier.oldLayout = old_image_layout;
    imageMemoryBarrier.newLayout = new_image_layout;
    imageMemoryBarrier.image = image;
    imageMemoryBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectMask;
    imageMemoryBarrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    imageMemoryBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipCount;
    imageMemoryBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = layerCount;
    imageMemoryBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    imageMemoryBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;

    VkPipelineStageFlags src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
    VkPipelineStageFlags dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;

    switch (old_image_layout)
    {
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask =
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;
        src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
        src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED:
        imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
        src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
        src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    default: break;
    }

    switch (new_image_layout)
    {
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
        dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
        dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask =
            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;
        dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
        imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask =
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
        dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR:
        imageMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
        dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
        break;
    default: break;
    }

    vk::CmdPipelineBarrier(cmd, src_stages, dest_stages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL,
                           1, &imageMemoryBarrier);
}

static VkResult InitGlobalExtensionProperties(VulkanContext::LayerProperties& layerProps) {
    VkExtensionProperties *instance_extensions;
    uint32_t instance_extension_count;
    VkResult res;
    char *layer_name = nullptr;

    layer_name = layerProps.properties.layerName;

    do {
        res = vk::EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(
            layer_name, &instance_extension_count, nullptr);
        if (res)
            return res;

        if (instance_extension_count == 0) {
            return VK_SUCCESS;
        }

        layerProps.extensions.resize(instance_extension_count);
        instance_extensions = layerProps.extensions.data();
        res = vk::EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(
            layer_name, &instance_extension_count, instance_extensions);
    } while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

    return res;
}

/*
 * Return 1 (true) if all layer names specified in check_names
 * can be found in given layer properties.
 */
static void demo_check_layers(const std::vector<VulkanContext::LayerProperties>& layerProps,
                              const std::vector<const char*> &layerNames) {
    uint32_t check_count = layerNames.size();
    uint32_t layer_count = layerProps.size();
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < check_count; i++) {
        VkBool32 found = 0;
        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < layer_count; j++) {
            if (!strcmp(layerNames[i], layerProps[j].properties.layerName)) {
                found = 1;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "Cannot find layer: %s", layerNames[i]);
        }
    }
}

bool VulkanContext::initVulkan(std::string_view appName, PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr getVkProc)
{
    vk::init_dispatch_table_top(getVkProc);

    if (!glslang::InitializeProcess())
    {
        Log.report(logvisor::Error, "unable to initialize glslang");
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t instanceLayerCount;
    VkLayerProperties* vkProps = nullptr;
    VkResult res;

    /*
     * It's possible, though very rare, that the number of
     * instance layers could change. For example, installing something
     * could include new layers that the loader would pick up
     * between the initial query for the count and the
     * request for VkLayerProperties. The loader indicates that
     * by returning a VK_INCOMPLETE status and will update the
     * the count parameter.
     * The count parameter will be updated with the number of
     * entries loaded into the data pointer - in case the number
     * of layers went down or is smaller than the size given.
     */
#ifdef _WIN32
    char* vkSdkPath = getenv("VK_SDK_PATH");
    if (vkSdkPath)
    {
        std::string str = "VK_LAYER_PATH=";
        str += vkSdkPath;
        str += "\\Bin";
        _putenv(str.c_str());
    }
#else
    setenv("VK_LAYER_PATH", "/usr/share/vulkan/explicit_layer.d", 1);
#endif
    do {
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instanceLayerCount, nullptr));

        if (instanceLayerCount == 0)
            break;

        vkProps = (VkLayerProperties *)realloc(vkProps, instanceLayerCount * sizeof(VkLayerProperties));

        res = vk::EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instanceLayerCount, vkProps);
    } while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

    /*
     * Now gather the extension list for each instance layer.
     */
    for (uint32_t i=0 ; i<instanceLayerCount ; ++i)
    {
        LayerProperties layerProps;
        layerProps.properties = vkProps[i];
        ThrowIfFailed(InitGlobalExtensionProperties(layerProps));
        m_instanceLayerProperties.push_back(layerProps);
    }
    free(vkProps);

    /* need platform surface extensions */
    m_instanceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#ifdef _WIN32
    m_instanceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#else
    m_instanceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_KHR_XCB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#endif

    /* need swapchain device extension */
    m_deviceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);

#ifndef NDEBUG
    m_layerNames.push_back("VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation");
    //m_layerNames.push_back("VK_LAYER_LUNARG_api_dump");
    //m_layerNames.push_back("VK_LAYER_LUNARG_core_validation");
    //m_layerNames.push_back("VK_LAYER_LUNARG_object_tracker");
    //m_layerNames.push_back("VK_LAYER_LUNARG_parameter_validation");
    //m_layerNames.push_back("VK_LAYER_GOOGLE_threading");
#endif

    demo_check_layers(m_instanceLayerProperties, m_layerNames);

#ifndef NDEBUG
    /* Enable debug callback extension */
    m_instanceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);
#endif

    /* create the instance */
    VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
    appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
    appInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    appInfo.pApplicationName = appName.data();
    appInfo.applicationVersion = 1;
    appInfo.pEngineName = "Boo";
    appInfo.engineVersion = 1;
    appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

    VkInstanceCreateInfo instInfo = {};
    instInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
    instInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    instInfo.flags = 0;
    instInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
    instInfo.enabledLayerCount = m_layerNames.size();
    instInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = m_layerNames.size()
                                        ? m_layerNames.data()
                                        : nullptr;
    instInfo.enabledExtensionCount = m_instanceExtensionNames.size();
    instInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = m_instanceExtensionNames.data();

    VkResult instRes = vk::CreateInstance(&instInfo, nullptr, &m_instance);
    if (instRes != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        Log.report(logvisor::Error, "The Vulkan runtime is installed, but there are no supported "
                                    "hardware vendor interfaces present");
        return false;
    }

#ifndef NDEBUG
    VkDebugReportCallbackEXT debugReportCallback;

    PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT createDebugReportCallback =
        (PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT)vk::GetInstanceProcAddr(m_instance, "vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT");
    if (!createDebugReportCallback)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "GetInstanceProcAddr: Unable to find vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT function.");

    VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo = {};
    debugCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
    debugCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    debugCreateInfo.flags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
    debugCreateInfo.pfnCallback = dbgFunc;
    debugCreateInfo.pUserData = nullptr;
    ThrowIfFailed(createDebugReportCallback(m_instance, &debugCreateInfo, nullptr, &debugReportCallback));
#endif

    vk::init_dispatch_table_middle(m_instance, false);

    return true;
}

bool VulkanContext::enumerateDevices()
{
    uint32_t gpuCount = 1;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::EnumeratePhysicalDevices(m_instance, &gpuCount, nullptr));
    if (!gpuCount)
        return false;
    m_gpus.resize(gpuCount);

    ThrowIfFailed(vk::EnumeratePhysicalDevices(m_instance, &gpuCount, m_gpus.data()));
    if (!gpuCount)
        return false;

    vk::GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(m_gpus[0], &m_queueCount, nullptr);
    if (!m_queueCount)
        return false;

    m_queueProps.resize(m_queueCount);
    vk::GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(m_gpus[0], &m_queueCount, m_queueProps.data());
    if (!m_queueCount)
        return false;

    /* This is as good a place as any to do this */
    vk::GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(m_gpus[0], &m_memoryProperties);
    vk::GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(m_gpus[0], &m_gpuProps);

    return true;
}

void VulkanContext::initDevice()
{
    if (m_graphicsQueueFamilyIndex == UINT32_MAX)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal,
                   "VulkanContext::m_graphicsQueueFamilyIndex hasn't been initialized");

    /* create the device and queues */
    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueInfo = {};
    float queuePriorities[1] = {0.0};
    queueInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
    queueInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    queueInfo.queueCount = 1;
    queueInfo.pQueuePriorities = queuePriorities;
    queueInfo.queueFamilyIndex = m_graphicsQueueFamilyIndex;

    vk::GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(m_gpus[0], &m_features);
    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features = {};
    if (m_features.samplerAnisotropy)
        features.samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE;
    if (!m_features.textureCompressionBC)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal,
                   "Vulkan device does not support DXT-format textures");
    features.textureCompressionBC = VK_TRUE;

    uint32_t extCount = 0;
    vk::EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(m_gpus[0], nullptr, &extCount, nullptr);
    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions(extCount);
    vk::EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(m_gpus[0], nullptr, &extCount, extensions.data());
    bool hasGetMemReq2 = false;
    bool hasDedicatedAllocation = false;
    for (const VkExtensionProperties& ext : extensions)
    {
        if (!hasGetMemReq2 && !strcmp(ext.extensionName, VK_KHR_GET_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_EXTENSION_NAME))
            hasGetMemReq2 = true;
        else if (!hasDedicatedAllocation && !strcmp(ext.extensionName, VK_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_EXTENSION_NAME))
            hasDedicatedAllocation = true;
    }
    VmaAllocatorCreateFlags allocFlags = VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT;
    if (hasGetMemReq2 && hasDedicatedAllocation)
    {
        m_deviceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_KHR_GET_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
        m_deviceExtensionNames.push_back(VK_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_EXTENSION_NAME);
        allocFlags |= VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT;
    }

    VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceInfo = {};
    deviceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
    deviceInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    deviceInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
    deviceInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueInfo;
    deviceInfo.enabledLayerCount = m_layerNames.size();
    deviceInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames =
        deviceInfo.enabledLayerCount ? m_layerNames.data() : nullptr;
    deviceInfo.enabledExtensionCount = m_deviceExtensionNames.size();
    deviceInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames =
        deviceInfo.enabledExtensionCount ? m_deviceExtensionNames.data() : nullptr;
    deviceInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &features;

    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateDevice(m_gpus[0], &deviceInfo, nullptr, &m_dev));

    vk::init_dispatch_table_bottom(m_instance, m_dev);

    /* allocator */
    VmaVulkanFunctions vulkanFunctions = {};
    vulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties = vk::GetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
    vulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = vk::GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
    vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = vk::AllocateMemory;
    vulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory = vk::FreeMemory;
    vulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory = vk::MapMemory;
    vulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory = vk::UnmapMemory;
    vulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory = vk::BindBufferMemory;
    vulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory = vk::BindImageMemory;
    vulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements = vk::GetBufferMemoryRequirements;
    vulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements = vk::GetImageMemoryRequirements;
    vulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer = vk::CreateBuffer;
    vulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer = vk::DestroyBuffer;
    vulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage = vk::CreateImage;
    vulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage = vk::DestroyImage;
    if (hasGetMemReq2 && hasDedicatedAllocation)
    {
        vulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR>(
            vk::GetDeviceProcAddr(m_dev, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR"));
        vulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR>(
            vk::GetDeviceProcAddr(m_dev, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR"));
    }
    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};
    allocatorInfo.flags = allocFlags;
    allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = m_gpus[0];
    allocatorInfo.device = m_dev;
    allocatorInfo.pVulkanFunctions = &vulkanFunctions;
    ThrowIfFailed(vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &m_allocator));

    // Going to need a command buffer to send the memory barriers in
    // set_image_layout but we couldn't have created one before we knew
    // what our graphics_queue_family_index is, but now that we have it,
    // create the command buffer

    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmdPoolInfo = {};
    cmdPoolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    cmdPoolInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    cmdPoolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = m_graphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
    cmdPoolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateCommandPool(m_dev, &cmdPoolInfo, nullptr, &m_loadPool));

    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd = {};
    cmd.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    cmd.pNext = nullptr;
    cmd.commandPool = m_loadPool;
    cmd.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    cmd.commandBufferCount = 1;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::AllocateCommandBuffers(m_dev, &cmd, &m_loadCmdBuf));

    vk::GetDeviceQueue(m_dev, m_graphicsQueueFamilyIndex, 0, &m_queue);

    /* Begin load command buffer here */
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {};
    cmdBufBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
    cmdBufBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::BeginCommandBuffer(m_loadCmdBuf, &cmdBufBeginInfo));

    m_sampleCountColor = flp2(std::min(m_gpuProps.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts, m_sampleCountColor));
    m_sampleCountDepth = flp2(std::min(m_gpuProps.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts, m_sampleCountDepth));

    if (m_features.samplerAnisotropy)
        m_anisotropy = std::min(m_gpuProps.limits.maxSamplerAnisotropy, m_anisotropy);
    else
        m_anisotropy = 1;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layoutBindings[BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT + BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT];
    for (int i=0 ; i<BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT ; ++i)
    {
        layoutBindings[i].binding = i;
        layoutBindings[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
        layoutBindings[i].descriptorCount = 1;
        layoutBindings[i].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
        layoutBindings[i].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
    }
    for (int i=BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT ; i<BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT+BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT ; ++i)
    {
        layoutBindings[i].binding = i;
        layoutBindings[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
        layoutBindings[i].descriptorCount = 1;
        layoutBindings[i].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
        layoutBindings[i].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
    }

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout = {};
    descriptorLayout.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    descriptorLayout.pNext = nullptr;
    descriptorLayout.bindingCount = BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT + BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT;
    descriptorLayout.pBindings = layoutBindings;

    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateDescriptorSetLayout(m_dev, &descriptorLayout, nullptr,
                                                &m_descSetLayout));

    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayout = {};
    pipelineLayout.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineLayout.setLayoutCount = 1;
    pipelineLayout.pSetLayouts = &m_descSetLayout;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreatePipelineLayout(m_dev, &pipelineLayout, nullptr, &m_pipelinelayout));

    std::string gpuName = m_gpuProps.deviceName;
    Log.report(logvisor::Info, "Initialized %s", gpuName.c_str());
    Log.report(logvisor::Info, "Vulkan version %d.%d.%d",
               m_gpuProps.apiVersion >> 22,
               (m_gpuProps.apiVersion >> 12) & 0b1111111111,
               m_gpuProps.apiVersion & 0b111111111111);
    Log.report(logvisor::Info, "Driver version %d.%d.%d",
               m_gpuProps.driverVersion >> 22,
               (m_gpuProps.driverVersion >> 12) & 0b1111111111,
               m_gpuProps.driverVersion & 0b111111111111);
}

void VulkanContext::destroyDevice()
{
    if (m_passColorOnly)
    {
        vk::DestroyRenderPass(m_dev, m_passColorOnly, nullptr);
        m_passColorOnly = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_pass)
    {
        vk::DestroyRenderPass(m_dev, m_pass, nullptr);
        m_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_pipelinelayout)
    {
        vk::DestroyPipelineLayout(m_dev, m_pipelinelayout, nullptr);
        m_pipelinelayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_descSetLayout)
    {
        vk::DestroyDescriptorSetLayout(m_dev, m_descSetLayout, nullptr);
        m_descSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_loadPool)
    {
        vk::DestroyCommandPool(m_dev, m_loadPool, nullptr);
        m_loadPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_allocator)
    {
        vmaDestroyAllocator(m_allocator);
        m_allocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_dev)
    {
        vk::DestroyDevice(m_dev, nullptr);
        m_dev = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if (m_instance)
    {
        vk::DestroyInstance(m_instance, nullptr);
        m_instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
}

void VulkanContext::Window::SwapChain::Buffer::setImage
(VulkanContext* ctx, VkImage image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
    m_image = image;
    if (m_colorView)
        vk::DestroyImageView(ctx->m_dev, m_colorView, nullptr);
    if (m_framebuffer)
        vk::DestroyFramebuffer(ctx->m_dev, m_framebuffer, nullptr);

    /* Create resource views */
    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewCreateInfo = {};
    viewCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    viewCreateInfo.image = m_image;
    viewCreateInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    viewCreateInfo.format = ctx->m_displayFormat;
    viewCreateInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
    viewCreateInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
    viewCreateInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
    viewCreateInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_colorView));

    /* framebuffer */
    VkFramebufferCreateInfo fbCreateInfo = {};
    fbCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    fbCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    fbCreateInfo.renderPass = ctx->m_passColorOnly;
    fbCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
    fbCreateInfo.width = width;
    fbCreateInfo.height = height;
    fbCreateInfo.layers = 1;
    fbCreateInfo.pAttachments = &m_colorView;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateFramebuffer(ctx->m_dev, &fbCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_framebuffer));

    m_passBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
    m_passBeginInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    m_passBeginInfo.renderPass = ctx->m_passColorOnly;
    m_passBeginInfo.framebuffer = m_framebuffer;
    m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
    m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
    m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
    m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
    m_passBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 0;
    m_passBeginInfo.pClearValues = nullptr;
}

void VulkanContext::Window::SwapChain::Buffer::destroy(VkDevice dev)
{
    if (m_colorView)
        vk::DestroyImageView(dev, m_colorView, nullptr);
    if (m_framebuffer)
        vk::DestroyFramebuffer(dev, m_framebuffer, nullptr);
}

void VulkanContext::initSwapChain(VulkanContext::Window& windowCtx, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
                                  VkFormat format, VkColorSpaceKHR colorspace)
{
    m_internalFormat = m_displayFormat = format;
    if (m_deepColor)
        m_internalFormat = VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM;

    /* bootstrap render passes if needed */
    if (!m_pass)
    {
        VkAttachmentDescription attachments[2] = {};

        /* color attachment */
        attachments[0].format = m_internalFormat;
        attachments[0].samples = VkSampleCountFlagBits(m_sampleCountColor);
        attachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
        attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
        attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL};

        /* depth attachment */
        attachments[1].format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
        attachments[1].samples = VkSampleCountFlagBits(m_sampleCountDepth);
        attachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
        attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
        attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef = {1, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL};

        /* render subpass */
        VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
        subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
        subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
        subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
        subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthAttachmentRef;

        /* render pass */
        VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPass = {};
        renderPass.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
        renderPass.attachmentCount = 2;
        renderPass.pAttachments = attachments;
        renderPass.subpassCount = 1;
        renderPass.pSubpasses = &subpass;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateRenderPass(m_dev, &renderPass, nullptr, &m_pass));

        /* render pass color only */
        attachments[0].format = m_displayFormat;
        attachments[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        renderPass.attachmentCount = 1;
        subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateRenderPass(m_dev, &renderPass, nullptr, &m_passColorOnly));
    }

    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfCapabilities;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(m_gpus[0], surface, &surfCapabilities));

    uint32_t presentModeCount;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(m_gpus[0], surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr));
    std::unique_ptr<VkPresentModeKHR[]> presentModes(new VkPresentModeKHR[presentModeCount]);

    ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(m_gpus[0], surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes.get()));

    VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
    // width and height are either both -1, or both not -1.
    if (surfCapabilities.currentExtent.width == (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        // If the surface size is undefined, the size is set to
        // the size of the images requested.
        swapChainExtent.width = 50;
        swapChainExtent.height = 50;
    }
    else
    {
        // If the surface size is defined, the swap chain size must match
        swapChainExtent = surfCapabilities.currentExtent;
    }

    // If mailbox mode is available, use it, as is the lowest-latency non-
    // tearing mode.  If not, try IMMEDIATE which will usually be available,
    // and is fastest (though it tears).  If not, fall back to FIFO which is
    // always available.
    VkPresentModeKHR swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<presentModeCount ; ++i)
    {
        if (presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR)
        {
            swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
            break;
        }
        if ((swapchainPresentMode != VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) &&
            (presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR))
        {
            swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;
        }
    }

    // Determine the number of VkImage's to use in the swap chain (we desire to
    // own only 1 image at a time, besides the images being displayed and
    // queued for display):
    uint32_t desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages = surfCapabilities.minImageCount + 1;
    if ((surfCapabilities.maxImageCount > 0) &&
        (desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages > surfCapabilities.maxImageCount))
    {
        // Application must settle for fewer images than desired:
        desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages = surfCapabilities.maxImageCount;
    }

    VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR preTransform;
    if (surfCapabilities.supportedTransforms & VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR)
        preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
    else
        preTransform = surfCapabilities.currentTransform;

    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapChainInfo = {};
    swapChainInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
    swapChainInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    swapChainInfo.surface = surface;
    swapChainInfo.minImageCount = desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages;
    swapChainInfo.imageFormat = format;
    swapChainInfo.imageExtent.width = swapChainExtent.width;
    swapChainInfo.imageExtent.height = swapChainExtent.height;
    swapChainInfo.preTransform = preTransform;
    swapChainInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
    swapChainInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
    swapChainInfo.presentMode = swapchainPresentMode;
    swapChainInfo.oldSwapchain = nullptr;
    swapChainInfo.clipped = true;
    swapChainInfo.imageColorSpace = colorspace;
    swapChainInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    swapChainInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    swapChainInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
    swapChainInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;

    Window::SwapChain& sc = windowCtx.m_swapChains[windowCtx.m_activeSwapChain];
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateSwapchainKHR(m_dev, &swapChainInfo, nullptr, &sc.m_swapChain));
    sc.m_format = format;

    uint32_t swapchainImageCount;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_dev, sc.m_swapChain, &swapchainImageCount, nullptr));

    std::unique_ptr<VkImage[]> swapchainImages(new VkImage[swapchainImageCount]);
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_dev, sc.m_swapChain, &swapchainImageCount, swapchainImages.get()));

    /* images */
    sc.m_bufs.resize(swapchainImageCount);
    for (uint32_t i=0 ; i<swapchainImageCount ; ++i)
    {
        Window::SwapChain::Buffer& buf = sc.m_bufs[i];
        buf.setImage(this, swapchainImages[i], swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height);
    }
}

void VulkanContext::resizeSwapChain(VulkanContext::Window& windowCtx, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
                                    VkFormat format, VkColorSpaceKHR colorspace,
                                    const SWindowRect& rect)
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(m_resizeLock);
    m_deferredResizes.emplace(windowCtx, surface, format, colorspace, rect);
}

bool VulkanContext::_resizeSwapChains()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(m_resizeLock);
    if (m_deferredResizes.empty())
        return false;

    while (m_deferredResizes.size())
    {
        SwapChainResize& resize = m_deferredResizes.front();

        VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfCapabilities;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(m_gpus[0], resize.m_surface, &surfCapabilities));

        uint32_t presentModeCount;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(m_gpus[0], resize.m_surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr));
        std::unique_ptr<VkPresentModeKHR[]> presentModes(new VkPresentModeKHR[presentModeCount]);

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(m_gpus[0], resize.m_surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes.get()));

        VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
        // width and height are either both -1, or both not -1.
        if (surfCapabilities.currentExtent.width == (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            // If the surface size is undefined, the size is set to
            // the size of the images requested.
            swapChainExtent.width = 50;
            swapChainExtent.height = 50;
        }
        else
        {
            // If the surface size is defined, the swap chain size must match
            swapChainExtent = surfCapabilities.currentExtent;
        }

        // If mailbox mode is available, use it, as is the lowest-latency non-
        // tearing mode.  If not, try IMMEDIATE which will usually be available,
        // and is fastest (though it tears).  If not, fall back to FIFO which is
        // always available.
        VkPresentModeKHR swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
        for (size_t i=0 ; i<presentModeCount ; ++i)
        {
            if (presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR)
            {
                swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
                break;
            }
            if ((swapchainPresentMode != VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) &&
                (presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR))
            {
                swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;
            }
        }

        // Determine the number of VkImage's to use in the swap chain (we desire to
        // own only 1 image at a time, besides the images being displayed and
        // queued for display):
        uint32_t desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages = surfCapabilities.minImageCount + 1;
        if ((surfCapabilities.maxImageCount > 0) &&
            (desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages > surfCapabilities.maxImageCount))
        {
            // Application must settle for fewer images than desired:
            desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages = surfCapabilities.maxImageCount;
        }

        VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR preTransform;
        if (surfCapabilities.supportedTransforms & VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR)
            preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
        else
            preTransform = surfCapabilities.currentTransform;

        Window::SwapChain& oldSc = resize.m_windowCtx.m_swapChains[resize.m_windowCtx.m_activeSwapChain];

        VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapChainInfo = {};
        swapChainInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
        swapChainInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        swapChainInfo.surface = resize.m_surface;
        swapChainInfo.minImageCount = desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages;
        swapChainInfo.imageFormat = resize.m_format;
        swapChainInfo.imageExtent.width = swapChainExtent.width;
        swapChainInfo.imageExtent.height = swapChainExtent.height;
        swapChainInfo.preTransform = preTransform;
        swapChainInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
        swapChainInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
        swapChainInfo.presentMode = swapchainPresentMode;
        swapChainInfo.oldSwapchain = oldSc.m_swapChain;
        swapChainInfo.clipped = true;
        swapChainInfo.imageColorSpace = resize.m_colorspace;
        swapChainInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
        swapChainInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        swapChainInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
        swapChainInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;

        resize.m_windowCtx.m_activeSwapChain ^= 1;
        Window::SwapChain& sc = resize.m_windowCtx.m_swapChains[resize.m_windowCtx.m_activeSwapChain];
        sc.destroy(m_dev);
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateSwapchainKHR(m_dev, &swapChainInfo, nullptr, &sc.m_swapChain));
        sc.m_format = resize.m_format;

        uint32_t swapchainImageCount;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_dev, sc.m_swapChain, &swapchainImageCount, nullptr));

        std::unique_ptr<VkImage[]> swapchainImages(new VkImage[swapchainImageCount]);
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetSwapchainImagesKHR(m_dev, sc.m_swapChain, &swapchainImageCount, swapchainImages.get()));

        /* images */
        sc.m_bufs.resize(swapchainImageCount);
        for (uint32_t i=0 ; i<swapchainImageCount ; ++i)
        {
            Window::SwapChain::Buffer& buf = sc.m_bufs[i];
            buf.setImage(this, swapchainImages[i], swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height);
        }

        m_deferredResizes.pop();
    }

    return true;
}

struct VulkanDescriptorPool : ListNode<VulkanDescriptorPool, VulkanDataFactoryImpl*>
{
    VkDescriptorPool m_descPool;
    int m_allocatedSets = 0;

    VulkanDescriptorPool(VulkanDataFactoryImpl* factory)
    : ListNode<VulkanDescriptorPool, VulkanDataFactoryImpl*>(factory)
    {
        VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSizes[2] = {};
        VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo = {};
        descriptorPoolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
        descriptorPoolInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        descriptorPoolInfo.maxSets = BOO_VK_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;
        descriptorPoolInfo.poolSizeCount = 2;
        descriptorPoolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes;

        poolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
        poolSizes[0].descriptorCount = BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT * BOO_VK_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;

        poolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
        poolSizes[1].descriptorCount = BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT * BOO_VK_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateDescriptorPool(factory->m_ctx->m_dev, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &m_descPool));
    }

    ~VulkanDescriptorPool()
    {
        vk::DestroyDescriptorPool(m_head->m_ctx->m_dev, m_descPool, nullptr);
    }

    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> destructorLock() override
    { return std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>{m_head->m_dataMutex}; }
    static std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> _getHeadLock(VulkanDataFactoryImpl* factory)
    { return std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>{factory->m_dataMutex}; }
    static VulkanDescriptorPool*& _getHeadPtr(VulkanDataFactoryImpl* factory)
    { return factory->m_descPoolHead; }
};

boo::ObjToken<VulkanDescriptorPool> VulkanDataFactoryImpl::allocateDescriptorSets(VkDescriptorSet* out)
{
    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m_dataMutex);
    boo::ObjToken<VulkanDescriptorPool> pool;
    if (!m_descPoolHead || m_descPoolHead->m_allocatedSets == BOO_VK_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SETS)
        pool = new VulkanDescriptorPool(this);
    else
        pool = m_descPoolHead;

    VkDescriptorSetLayout layouts[] = {m_ctx->m_descSetLayout, m_ctx->m_descSetLayout};
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo descAllocInfo;
    descAllocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    descAllocInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    descAllocInfo.descriptorPool = pool->m_descPool;
    descAllocInfo.descriptorSetCount = 2;
    descAllocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::AllocateDescriptorSets(m_ctx->m_dev, &descAllocInfo, out));
    pool->m_allocatedSets += 2;

    return pool;
}

struct AllocatedBuffer
{
    VkBuffer m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VmaAllocation m_allocation;

    void* _create(VulkanContext* ctx, const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo, VmaMemoryUsage usage)
    {
        assert(m_buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE && "create may only be called once");
        VmaAllocationCreateInfo bufAllocInfo = {};
        bufAllocInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
        bufAllocInfo.usage = usage;

        VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;
        ThrowIfFailed(vmaCreateBuffer(ctx->m_allocator, pBufferCreateInfo, &bufAllocInfo,
                                      &m_buffer, &m_allocation, &allocInfo));
        return allocInfo.pMappedData;
    }

    void* createCPU(VulkanContext* ctx, const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo)
    {
        return _create(ctx, pBufferCreateInfo, VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY);
    }

    void* createCPUtoGPU(VulkanContext* ctx, const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo)
    {
        return _create(ctx, pBufferCreateInfo, VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU);
    }

    void destroy(VulkanContext* ctx)
    {
        if (m_buffer)
        {
            vmaDestroyBuffer(ctx->m_allocator, m_buffer, m_allocation);
            m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
    }
};

struct AllocatedImage
{
    VkImage m_image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VmaAllocation m_allocation;

    void _create(VulkanContext* ctx, const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo, VmaAllocationCreateFlags flags)
    {
        assert(m_image == VK_NULL_HANDLE && "create may only be called once");
        VmaAllocationCreateInfo bufAllocInfo = {};
        bufAllocInfo.flags = flags;
        bufAllocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
        ThrowIfFailed(vmaCreateImage(ctx->m_allocator, pImageCreateInfo, &bufAllocInfo,
                                     &m_image, &m_allocation, nullptr));
    }

    void create(VulkanContext* ctx, const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInf)
    {
        _create(ctx, pImageCreateInf, 0);
    }

    void createFB(VulkanContext* ctx, const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInf)
    {
        _create(ctx, pImageCreateInf, VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT);
    }

    void destroy(VulkanContext* ctx)
    {
        if (m_image)
        {
            vmaDestroyImage(ctx->m_allocator, m_image, m_allocation);
            m_image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
    }
};

struct VulkanData : BaseGraphicsData
{
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;

    /* Vertex, Index, Uniform */
    AllocatedBuffer m_constantBuffers[3];
    AllocatedBuffer m_texStagingBuffer;

    explicit VulkanData(VulkanDataFactoryImpl& head __BooTraceArgs)
    : BaseGraphicsData(head __BooTraceArgsUse), m_ctx(head.m_ctx) {}
    ~VulkanData()
    {
        for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; ++i)
            m_constantBuffers[i].destroy(m_ctx);
        m_texStagingBuffer.destroy(m_ctx);
    }
};

struct VulkanPool : BaseGraphicsPool
{
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    AllocatedBuffer m_constantBuffer;

    explicit VulkanPool(VulkanDataFactoryImpl& head __BooTraceArgs)
    : BaseGraphicsPool(head __BooTraceArgsUse), m_ctx(head.m_ctx) {}
    ~VulkanPool()
    {
        m_constantBuffer.destroy(m_ctx);
    }
};

static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits USE_TABLE[] =
{
    VkBufferUsageFlagBits(0),
    VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
    VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
    VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT
};

class VulkanGraphicsBufferS : public GraphicsDataNode<IGraphicsBufferS>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    friend struct VulkanCommandQueue;
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    size_t m_sz;
    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_stagingBuf;
    VulkanGraphicsBufferS(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, BufferUse use,
                          VulkanContext* ctx, const void* data, size_t stride, size_t count)
    : GraphicsDataNode<IGraphicsBufferS>(parent),
      m_ctx(ctx), m_stride(stride), m_count(count), m_sz(stride * count),
      m_stagingBuf(new uint8_t[m_sz]), m_use(use)
    {
        memmove(m_stagingBuf.get(), data, m_sz);
        m_bufferInfo.range = m_sz;
    }
public:
    size_t size() const {return m_sz;}
    size_t m_stride;
    size_t m_count;
    VkDescriptorBufferInfo m_bufferInfo;
    BufferUse m_use;

    VkDeviceSize sizeForGPU(VulkanContext* ctx, VkDeviceSize offset)
    {
        if (m_use == BufferUse::Uniform)
        {
            size_t minOffset = std::max(VkDeviceSize(256),
                ctx->m_gpuProps.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment);
            offset = (offset + minOffset - 1) & ~(minOffset - 1);
        }

        m_bufferInfo.offset = offset;
        offset += m_sz;

        return offset;
    }

    void placeForGPU(VkBuffer bufObj, uint8_t* buf)
    {
        m_bufferInfo.buffer = bufObj;
        memmove(buf + m_bufferInfo.offset, m_stagingBuf.get(), m_sz);
        m_stagingBuf.reset();
    }
};

template <class DataCls>
class VulkanGraphicsBufferD : public GraphicsDataNode<IGraphicsBufferD, DataCls>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    friend class VulkanDataFactoryImpl;
    friend struct VulkanCommandQueue;
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    size_t m_cpuSz;
    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_cpuBuf;
    int m_validSlots = 0;
    VulkanGraphicsBufferD(const boo::ObjToken<DataCls>& parent, BufferUse use,
                          VulkanContext* ctx, size_t stride, size_t count)
    : GraphicsDataNode<IGraphicsBufferD, DataCls>(parent),
      m_ctx(ctx), m_stride(stride), m_count(count),
      m_cpuSz(stride * count), m_cpuBuf(new uint8_t[m_cpuSz]), m_use(use)
    {
        m_bufferInfo[0].range = m_cpuSz;
        m_bufferInfo[1].range = m_cpuSz;
    }
    void update(int b);

public:
    size_t m_stride;
    size_t m_count;
    VkDescriptorBufferInfo m_bufferInfo[2];
    uint8_t* m_bufferPtrs[2] = {};
    BufferUse m_use;
    void load(const void* data, size_t sz);
    void* map(size_t sz);
    void unmap();

    VkDeviceSize sizeForGPU(VulkanContext* ctx, VkDeviceSize offset)
    {
        for (int i=0 ; i<2 ; ++i)
        {
            if (m_use == BufferUse::Uniform)
            {
                size_t minOffset = std::max(VkDeviceSize(256),
                    ctx->m_gpuProps.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment);
                offset = (offset + minOffset - 1) & ~(minOffset - 1);
            }

            m_bufferInfo[i].offset = offset;
            offset += m_cpuSz;
        }

        return offset;
    }

    void placeForGPU(VkBuffer bufObj, uint8_t* buf)
    {
        m_bufferInfo[0].buffer = bufObj;
        m_bufferInfo[1].buffer = bufObj;
        m_bufferPtrs[0] = buf + m_bufferInfo[0].offset;
        m_bufferPtrs[1] = buf + m_bufferInfo[1].offset;
    }
};

static void MakeSampler(VulkanContext* ctx, VkSampler& sampOut, TextureClampMode mode, int mips)
{
    uint32_t key = (uint32_t(mode) << 16) | mips;
    auto search = ctx->m_samplers.find(key);
    if (search != ctx->m_samplers.end())
    {
        sampOut = search->second;
        return;
    }

    /* Create linear sampler */
    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo = {};
    samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
    samplerInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = ctx->m_features.samplerAnisotropy;
    samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = ctx->m_anisotropy;
    samplerInfo.maxLod = mips - 1;
    switch (mode)
    {
    case TextureClampMode::Repeat:
    default:
        samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
        samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
        samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
        break;
    case TextureClampMode::ClampToWhite:
        samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER;
        samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER;
        samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER;
        samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE;
        break;
    case TextureClampMode::ClampToEdge:
        samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
        samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
        samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
        break;
    case TextureClampMode::ClampToEdgeNearest:
        samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
        samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
        samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST;
        samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_FALSE;
        samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
        samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
        samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
        break;
    }
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateSampler(ctx->m_dev, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &sampOut));
    ctx->m_samplers[key] = sampOut;
}

class VulkanTextureS : public GraphicsDataNode<ITextureS>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    TextureFormat m_fmt;
    size_t m_sz;
    size_t m_width, m_height, m_mips;
    TextureClampMode m_clampMode;
    VkFormat m_vkFmt;
    int m_pixelPitchNum = 1;
    int m_pixelPitchDenom = 1;

    VulkanTextureS(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, VulkanContext* ctx,
                   size_t width, size_t height, size_t mips,
                   TextureFormat fmt, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                   const void* data, size_t sz)
    : GraphicsDataNode<ITextureS>(parent), m_ctx(ctx), m_fmt(fmt), m_sz(sz),
      m_width(width), m_height(height), m_mips(mips), m_clampMode(clampMode)
    {
        VkFormat pfmt;
        switch (fmt)
        {
        case TextureFormat::RGBA8:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
            m_pixelPitchNum = 4;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::I8:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::I16:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM;
            m_pixelPitchNum = 2;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::DXT1:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK;
            m_pixelPitchNum = 1;
            m_pixelPitchDenom = 2;
            break;
        default:
            Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unsupported tex format");
        }
        m_vkFmt = pfmt;

        /* create cpu image buffer */
        VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = {};
        bufCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        bufCreateInfo.size = sz;
        bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
        bufCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        void* mappedData = m_cpuBuf.createCPU(ctx, &bufCreateInfo);
        memmove(mappedData, data, sz);
    }
public:
    AllocatedBuffer m_cpuBuf;
    AllocatedImage m_gpuTex;
    VkImageView m_gpuView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkSampler m_sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkDescriptorImageInfo m_descInfo;
    ~VulkanTextureS()
    {
        vk::DestroyImageView(m_ctx->m_dev, m_gpuView, nullptr);
        m_gpuTex.destroy(m_ctx);
        m_cpuBuf.destroy(m_ctx);
    }

    void setClampMode(TextureClampMode mode)
    {
        m_clampMode = mode;
        MakeSampler(m_ctx, m_sampler, mode, m_mips);
        m_descInfo.sampler = m_sampler;
    }

    void deleteUploadObjects()
    {
        m_cpuBuf.destroy(m_ctx);
    }

    void placeForGPU(VulkanContext* ctx)
    {
        /* create gpu image */
        VkImageCreateInfo texCreateInfo = {};
        texCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        texCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        texCreateInfo.format = m_vkFmt;
        texCreateInfo.mipLevels = m_mips;
        texCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
        texCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        texCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        texCreateInfo.extent = { uint32_t(m_width), uint32_t(m_height), 1 };
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
        m_gpuTex.create(m_ctx, &texCreateInfo);

        setClampMode(m_clampMode);
        m_descInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

        /* create image view */
        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
        viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
        viewInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        viewInfo.image = m_gpuTex.m_image;
        viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        viewInfo.format = m_vkFmt;
        viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
        viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
        viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
        viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = m_mips;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewInfo, nullptr, &m_gpuView));
        m_descInfo.imageView = m_gpuView;

        /* Since we're going to blit to the texture image, set its layout to
         * DESTINATION_OPTIMAL */
        SetImageLayout(ctx->m_loadCmdBuf, m_gpuTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, m_mips, 1);

        VkBufferImageCopy copyRegions[16] = {};
        size_t width = m_width;
        size_t height = m_height;
        size_t regionCount = std::min(size_t(16), m_mips);
        size_t offset = 0;
        for (int i=0 ; i<regionCount ; ++i)
        {
            size_t regionPitch = width * height * m_pixelPitchNum / m_pixelPitchDenom;

            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.mipLevel = i;
            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
            copyRegions[i].imageExtent.width = width;
            copyRegions[i].imageExtent.height = height;
            copyRegions[i].imageExtent.depth = 1;
            copyRegions[i].bufferOffset = offset;

            if (width > 1)
                width /= 2;
            if (height > 1)
                height /= 2;
            offset += regionPitch;
        }

        /* Put the copy command into the command buffer */
        vk::CmdCopyBufferToImage(ctx->m_loadCmdBuf,
                                 m_cpuBuf.m_buffer,
                                 m_gpuTex.m_image,
                                 VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                 regionCount,
                                 copyRegions);

        /* Set the layout for the texture image from DESTINATION_OPTIMAL to
         * SHADER_READ_ONLY */
        SetImageLayout(ctx->m_loadCmdBuf, m_gpuTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, m_mips, 1);
    }

    TextureFormat format() const {return m_fmt;}
};

class VulkanTextureSA : public GraphicsDataNode<ITextureSA>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    TextureFormat m_fmt;
    size_t m_sz;
    size_t m_width, m_height, m_layers, m_mips;
    TextureClampMode m_clampMode;
    VkFormat m_vkFmt;
    int m_pixelPitchNum = 1;
    int m_pixelPitchDenom = 1;

    VulkanTextureSA(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, VulkanContext* ctx,
                    size_t width, size_t height, size_t layers,
                    size_t mips, TextureFormat fmt, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                    const void* data, size_t sz)
    : GraphicsDataNode<ITextureSA>(parent),
      m_ctx(ctx), m_fmt(fmt), m_sz(sz), m_width(width), m_height(height),
      m_layers(layers), m_mips(mips), m_clampMode(clampMode)
    {
        VkFormat pfmt;
        switch (fmt)
        {
        case TextureFormat::RGBA8:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
            m_pixelPitchNum = 4;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::I8:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::I16:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM;
            m_pixelPitchNum = 2;
            break;
        default:
            Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unsupported tex format");
        }
        m_vkFmt = pfmt;

        /* create cpu image buffer */
        VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = {};
        bufCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        bufCreateInfo.size = sz;
        bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
        bufCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        void* mappedData = m_cpuBuf.createCPU(ctx, &bufCreateInfo);
        memmove(mappedData, data, sz);
    }
public:
    AllocatedBuffer m_cpuBuf;
    AllocatedImage m_gpuTex;
    VkImageView m_gpuView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkSampler m_sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkDescriptorImageInfo m_descInfo;
    ~VulkanTextureSA()
    {
        vk::DestroyImageView(m_ctx->m_dev, m_gpuView, nullptr);
        m_gpuTex.destroy(m_ctx);
        m_cpuBuf.destroy(m_ctx);
    }

    void setClampMode(TextureClampMode mode)
    {
        m_clampMode = mode;
        MakeSampler(m_ctx, m_sampler, mode, m_mips);
        m_descInfo.sampler = m_sampler;
    }

    void deleteUploadObjects()
    {
        m_cpuBuf.destroy(m_ctx);
    }

    void placeForGPU(VulkanContext* ctx)
    {
        /* create gpu image */
        VkImageCreateInfo texCreateInfo = {};
        texCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        texCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        texCreateInfo.format = m_vkFmt;
        texCreateInfo.mipLevels = m_mips;
        texCreateInfo.arrayLayers = m_layers;
        texCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        texCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        texCreateInfo.extent = { uint32_t(m_width), uint32_t(m_height), 1 };
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
        m_gpuTex.create(m_ctx, &texCreateInfo);

        setClampMode(m_clampMode);
        m_descInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

        /* create image view */
        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
        viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
        viewInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        viewInfo.image = m_gpuTex.m_image;
        viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY;
        viewInfo.format = m_vkFmt;
        viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
        viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
        viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
        viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = m_mips;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = m_layers;

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewInfo, nullptr, &m_gpuView));
        m_descInfo.imageView = m_gpuView;

        /* Since we're going to blit to the texture image, set its layout to
         * DESTINATION_OPTIMAL */
        SetImageLayout(ctx->m_loadCmdBuf, m_gpuTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, m_mips, m_layers);

        VkBufferImageCopy copyRegions[16] = {};
        size_t width = m_width;
        size_t height = m_height;
        size_t regionCount = std::min(size_t(16), m_mips);
        size_t offset = 0;
        for (int i=0 ; i<regionCount ; ++i)
        {
            size_t regionPitch = width * height * m_layers * m_pixelPitchNum / m_pixelPitchDenom;

            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.mipLevel = i;
            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
            copyRegions[i].imageSubresource.layerCount = m_layers;
            copyRegions[i].imageExtent.width = width;
            copyRegions[i].imageExtent.height = height;
            copyRegions[i].imageExtent.depth = 1;
            copyRegions[i].bufferOffset = offset;

            if (width > 1)
                width /= 2;
            if (height > 1)
                height /= 2;
            offset += regionPitch;
        }

        /* Put the copy command into the command buffer */
        vk::CmdCopyBufferToImage(ctx->m_loadCmdBuf,
                                 m_cpuBuf.m_buffer,
                                 m_gpuTex.m_image,
                                 VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                 regionCount,
                                 copyRegions);

        /* Set the layout for the texture image from DESTINATION_OPTIMAL to
         * SHADER_READ_ONLY */
        SetImageLayout(ctx->m_loadCmdBuf, m_gpuTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, m_mips, m_layers);
    }

    TextureFormat format() const {return m_fmt;}
    size_t layers() const {return m_layers;}
};

class VulkanTextureD : public GraphicsDataNode<ITextureD>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    friend struct VulkanCommandQueue;
    size_t m_width;
    size_t m_height;
    TextureFormat m_fmt;
    TextureClampMode m_clampMode;
    VulkanCommandQueue* m_q;
    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> m_stagingBuf;
    size_t m_cpuSz;
    VkDeviceSize m_cpuOffsets[2];
    VkFormat m_vkFmt;
    int m_validSlots = 0;
    VulkanTextureD(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, VulkanCommandQueue* q,
                   size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt, TextureClampMode clampMode)
    : GraphicsDataNode<ITextureD>(parent), m_width(width), m_height(height), m_fmt(fmt), m_clampMode(clampMode), m_q(q)
    {
        VkFormat pfmt;
        switch (fmt)
        {
        case TextureFormat::RGBA8:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
            m_cpuSz = width * height * 4;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::I8:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
            m_cpuSz = width * height;
            break;
        case TextureFormat::I16:
            pfmt = VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM;
            m_cpuSz = width * height * 2;
            break;
        default:
            Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unsupported tex format");
        }
        m_vkFmt = pfmt;
        m_stagingBuf.reset(new uint8_t[m_cpuSz]);
    }
    void update(int b);
public:
    VkBuffer m_cpuBuf = VK_NULL_HANDLE; /* Owned externally */
    uint8_t* m_cpuBufPtrs[2] = {};
    AllocatedImage m_gpuTex[2];
    VkImageView m_gpuView[2];
    VkSampler m_sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkDescriptorImageInfo m_descInfo[2];
    ~VulkanTextureD();

    void setClampMode(TextureClampMode mode);
    void load(const void* data, size_t sz);
    void* map(size_t sz);
    void unmap();

    VkDeviceSize sizeForGPU(VulkanContext* ctx, VkDeviceSize offset)
    {
        for (int i=0 ; i<2 ; ++i)
        {
            m_cpuOffsets[i] = offset;
            offset += m_cpuSz;
        }

        return offset;
    }

    void placeForGPU(VulkanContext* ctx, VkBuffer bufObj, uint8_t* buf)
    {
        m_cpuBuf = bufObj;
        m_cpuBufPtrs[0] = buf + m_cpuOffsets[0];
        m_cpuBufPtrs[1] = buf + m_cpuOffsets[1];

        /* Create images */
        VkImageCreateInfo texCreateInfo = {};
        texCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        texCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        texCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        texCreateInfo.format = m_vkFmt;
        texCreateInfo.extent.width = m_width;
        texCreateInfo.extent.height = m_height;
        texCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
        texCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
        texCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
        texCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        texCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
        texCreateInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
        texCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        texCreateInfo.flags = 0;

        setClampMode(m_clampMode);
        for (int i=0 ; i<2 ; ++i)
        {
            /* create gpu image */
            m_gpuTex[i].create(ctx, &texCreateInfo);
            m_descInfo[i].sampler = m_sampler;
            m_descInfo[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
        }

        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
        viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
        viewInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        viewInfo.image = nullptr;
        viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        viewInfo.format = m_vkFmt;
        viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
        viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
        viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
        viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

        for (int i=0 ; i<2 ; ++i)
        {
            /* create image view */
            viewInfo.image = m_gpuTex[i].m_image;
            ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewInfo, nullptr, &m_gpuView[i]));

            m_descInfo[i].imageView = m_gpuView[i];
        }
    }

    TextureFormat format() const {return m_fmt;}
};

#define MAX_BIND_TEXS 4

class VulkanTextureR : public GraphicsDataNode<ITextureR>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    friend struct VulkanCommandQueue;
    size_t m_width = 0;
    size_t m_height = 0;
    VkSampleCountFlags m_samplesColor, m_samplesDepth;

    size_t m_colorBindCount;
    size_t m_depthBindCount;

    void Setup(VulkanContext* ctx)
    {
        /* no-ops on first call */
        doDestroy();
        m_layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

        /* color target */
        VkImageCreateInfo texCreateInfo = {};
        texCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        texCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        texCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        texCreateInfo.format = ctx->m_internalFormat;
        texCreateInfo.extent.width = m_width;
        texCreateInfo.extent.height = m_height;
        texCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
        texCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
        texCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
        texCreateInfo.samples = VkSampleCountFlagBits(m_samplesColor);
        texCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        texCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
        texCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
        texCreateInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
        texCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        texCreateInfo.flags = 0;
        m_colorTex.createFB(ctx, &texCreateInfo);

        /* depth target */
        texCreateInfo.samples = VkSampleCountFlagBits(m_samplesDepth);
        texCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
        texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
        m_depthTex.createFB(ctx, &texCreateInfo);

        texCreateInfo.samples = VkSampleCountFlagBits(1);

        for (size_t i=0 ; i<m_colorBindCount ; ++i)
        {
            m_colorBindLayout[i] = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
            texCreateInfo.format = ctx->m_internalFormat;
            texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
            m_colorBindTex[i].createFB(ctx, &texCreateInfo);

            m_colorBindDescInfo[i].sampler = m_sampler;
            m_colorBindDescInfo[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
        }

        for (size_t i=0 ; i<m_depthBindCount ; ++i)
        {
            m_depthBindLayout[i] = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
            texCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
            texCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
            m_depthBindTex[i].createFB(ctx, &texCreateInfo);

            m_depthBindDescInfo[i].sampler = m_sampler;
            m_depthBindDescInfo[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
        }

        /* Create resource views */
        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewCreateInfo = {};
        viewCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
        viewCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        viewCreateInfo.image = m_colorTex.m_image;
        viewCreateInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        viewCreateInfo.format = ctx->m_internalFormat;
        viewCreateInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
        viewCreateInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
        viewCreateInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
        viewCreateInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
        viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
        viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_colorView));

        viewCreateInfo.image = m_depthTex.m_image;
        viewCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
        viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_depthView));

        for (size_t i=0 ; i<m_colorBindCount ; ++i)
        {
            viewCreateInfo.image = m_colorBindTex[i].m_image;
            viewCreateInfo.format = ctx->m_internalFormat;
            viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_colorBindView[i]));
            m_colorBindDescInfo[i].imageView = m_colorBindView[i];
        }

        for (size_t i=0 ; i<m_depthBindCount ; ++i)
        {
            viewCreateInfo.image = m_depthBindTex[i].m_image;
            viewCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
            viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
            ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateImageView(ctx->m_dev, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_depthBindView[i]));
            m_depthBindDescInfo[i].imageView = m_depthBindView[i];
        }

        /* framebuffer */
        VkFramebufferCreateInfo fbCreateInfo = {};
        fbCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        fbCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        fbCreateInfo.renderPass = ctx->m_pass;
        fbCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
        fbCreateInfo.width = m_width;
        fbCreateInfo.height = m_height;
        fbCreateInfo.layers = 1;
        VkImageView attachments[2] = {m_colorView, m_depthView};
        fbCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateFramebuffer(ctx->m_dev, &fbCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_framebuffer));

        m_passBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
        m_passBeginInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        m_passBeginInfo.renderPass = ctx->m_pass;
        m_passBeginInfo.framebuffer = m_framebuffer;
        m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
        m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
        m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = m_width;
        m_passBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = m_height;
        m_passBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 0;
        m_passBeginInfo.pClearValues = nullptr;
    }

    VulkanCommandQueue* m_q;
    VulkanTextureR(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, VulkanCommandQueue* q,
                   size_t width, size_t height, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                   size_t colorBindCount, size_t depthBindCount);
public:
    AllocatedImage m_colorTex;
    VkImageView m_colorView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    AllocatedImage m_depthTex;
    VkImageView m_depthView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    AllocatedImage m_colorBindTex[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};
    VkImageView m_colorBindView[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};
    VkDescriptorImageInfo m_colorBindDescInfo[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};

    AllocatedImage m_depthBindTex[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};
    VkImageView m_depthBindView[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};
    VkDescriptorImageInfo m_depthBindDescInfo[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};

    VkFramebuffer m_framebuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkRenderPassBeginInfo m_passBeginInfo = {};

    VkImageLayout m_layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    VkImageLayout m_colorBindLayout[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};
    VkImageLayout m_depthBindLayout[MAX_BIND_TEXS] = {};

    VkSampler m_sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    void setClampMode(TextureClampMode mode);
    void doDestroy();
    ~VulkanTextureR();

    void resize(VulkanContext* ctx, size_t width, size_t height)
    {
        if (width < 1)
            width = 1;
        if (height < 1)
            height = 1;
        m_width = width;
        m_height = height;
        Setup(ctx);
    }
};

static const size_t SEMANTIC_SIZE_TABLE[] =
{
    0,
    12,
    16,
    12,
    16,
    16,
    4,
    8,
    16,
    16,
    16
};

static const VkFormat SEMANTIC_TYPE_TABLE[] =
{
    VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
    VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT
};

struct VulkanVertexFormat : GraphicsDataNode<IVertexFormat>
{
    VkVertexInputBindingDescription m_bindings[2];
    std::unique_ptr<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription[]> m_attributes;
    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo m_info;
    size_t m_stride = 0;
    size_t m_instStride = 0;

    VulkanVertexFormat(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, size_t elementCount,
                       const VertexElementDescriptor* elements)
    : GraphicsDataNode<IVertexFormat>(parent),
      m_attributes(new VkVertexInputAttributeDescription[elementCount])
    {
        m_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        m_info.pNext = nullptr;
        m_info.flags = 0;
        m_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;
        m_info.pVertexBindingDescriptions = m_bindings;
        m_info.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = elementCount;
        m_info.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = m_attributes.get();

        for (size_t i=0 ; i<elementCount ; ++i)
        {
            const VertexElementDescriptor* elemin = &elements[i];
            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription& attribute = m_attributes[i];
            int semantic = int(elemin->semantic & boo::VertexSemantic::SemanticMask);
            attribute.location = i;
            attribute.format = SEMANTIC_TYPE_TABLE[semantic];
            if ((elemin->semantic & boo::VertexSemantic::Instanced) != boo::VertexSemantic::None)
            {
                attribute.binding = 1;
                attribute.offset = m_instStride;
                m_instStride += SEMANTIC_SIZE_TABLE[semantic];
            }
            else
            {
                attribute.binding = 0;
                attribute.offset = m_stride;
                m_stride += SEMANTIC_SIZE_TABLE[semantic];
            }
        }

        if (m_stride)
        {
            m_bindings[0].binding = 0;
            m_bindings[0].stride = m_stride;
            m_bindings[0].inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
            ++m_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount;
        }
        if (m_instStride)
        {
            m_bindings[m_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount].binding = 1;
            m_bindings[m_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount].stride = m_instStride;
            m_bindings[m_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount].inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE;
            ++m_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount;
        }
    }
};

static const VkPrimitiveTopology PRIMITIVE_TABLE[] =
{
    VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
    VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP
};

static const VkBlendFactor BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[] =
{
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR,
    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR
};

class VulkanShaderPipeline : public GraphicsDataNode<IShaderPipeline>
{
    friend class VulkanDataFactory;
    friend struct VulkanShaderDataBinding;
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    VkPipelineCache m_pipelineCache;
    boo::ObjToken<IVertexFormat> m_vtxFmt;
    mutable VulkanShareableShader::Token m_vert;
    mutable VulkanShareableShader::Token m_frag;
    BlendFactor m_srcFac;
    BlendFactor m_dstFac;
    Primitive m_prim;
    ZTest m_depthTest;
    bool m_depthWrite;
    bool m_colorWrite;
    bool m_alphaWrite;
    bool m_overwriteAlpha;
    CullMode m_culling;
    mutable VkPipeline m_pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

    VulkanShaderPipeline(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent,
                         VulkanContext* ctx,
                         VulkanShareableShader::Token&& vert,
                         VulkanShareableShader::Token&& frag,
                         VkPipelineCache pipelineCache,
                         const boo::ObjToken<IVertexFormat>& vtxFmt,
                         BlendFactor srcFac, BlendFactor dstFac, Primitive prim,
                         ZTest depthTest, bool depthWrite, bool colorWrite,
                         bool alphaWrite, bool overwriteAlpha, CullMode culling)
    : GraphicsDataNode<IShaderPipeline>(parent),
      m_ctx(ctx), m_pipelineCache(pipelineCache), m_vtxFmt(vtxFmt),
      m_vert(std::move(vert)), m_frag(std::move(frag)), m_srcFac(srcFac), m_dstFac(dstFac),
      m_prim(prim), m_depthTest(depthTest), m_depthWrite(depthWrite), m_colorWrite(colorWrite),
      m_alphaWrite(alphaWrite), m_overwriteAlpha(overwriteAlpha), m_culling(culling)
    {}
public:
    ~VulkanShaderPipeline()
    {
        if (m_pipeline)
            vk::DestroyPipeline(m_ctx->m_dev, m_pipeline, nullptr);
        if (m_pipelineCache)
            vk::DestroyPipelineCache(m_ctx->m_dev, m_pipelineCache, nullptr);
    }
    VulkanShaderPipeline& operator=(const VulkanShaderPipeline&) = delete;
    VulkanShaderPipeline(const VulkanShaderPipeline&) = delete;
    VkPipeline bind(VkRenderPass rPass = 0) const
    {
        if (!m_pipeline)
        {
            if (!rPass)
                rPass = m_ctx->m_pass;

            VkCullModeFlagBits cullMode;
            switch (m_culling)
            {
            case CullMode::None:
            default:
                cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
                break;
            case CullMode::Backface:
                cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
                break;
            case CullMode::Frontface:
                cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT;
                break;
            }

            VkDynamicState dynamicStateEnables[VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RANGE_SIZE] = {};
            VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = {};
            dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            dynamicState.pNext = nullptr;
            dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStateEnables;
            dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = 0;

            VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo stages[2] = {};

            stages[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
            stages[0].pNext = nullptr;
            stages[0].flags = 0;
            stages[0].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
            stages[0].module = m_vert.get().m_shader;
            stages[0].pName = "main";
            stages[0].pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;

            stages[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
            stages[1].pNext = nullptr;
            stages[1].flags = 0;
            stages[1].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
            stages[1].module = m_frag.get().m_shader;
            stages[1].pName = "main";
            stages[1].pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;

            VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo assemblyInfo = {};
            assemblyInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            assemblyInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            assemblyInfo.flags = 0;
            assemblyInfo.topology = PRIMITIVE_TABLE[int(m_prim)];
            assemblyInfo.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_TRUE;

            VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportInfo = {};
            viewportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            viewportInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            viewportInfo.flags = 0;
            viewportInfo.viewportCount = 1;
            viewportInfo.pViewports = nullptr;
            viewportInfo.scissorCount = 1;
            viewportInfo.pScissors = nullptr;
            dynamicStateEnables[dynamicState.dynamicStateCount++] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT;
            dynamicStateEnables[dynamicState.dynamicStateCount++] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR;
#if AMD_PAL_HACK
            dynamicStateEnables[dynamicState.dynamicStateCount++] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS;
#endif

            VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationInfo = {};
            rasterizationInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            rasterizationInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            rasterizationInfo.flags = 0;
            rasterizationInfo.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
            rasterizationInfo.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
            rasterizationInfo.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
            rasterizationInfo.cullMode = cullMode;
            rasterizationInfo.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
            rasterizationInfo.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
            rasterizationInfo.lineWidth = 1.f;

            VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleInfo = {};
            multisampleInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            multisampleInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            multisampleInfo.flags = 0;
            multisampleInfo.rasterizationSamples = VkSampleCountFlagBits(m_ctx->m_sampleCountColor);

            VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilInfo = {};
            depthStencilInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            depthStencilInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            depthStencilInfo.flags = 0;
            depthStencilInfo.depthTestEnable = m_depthTest != ZTest::None;
            depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = m_depthWrite;
            depthStencilInfo.front.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
            depthStencilInfo.back.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;

            switch (m_depthTest)
            {
            case ZTest::None:
            default:
                depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
                break;
            case ZTest::LEqual:
                depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL;
                break;
            case ZTest::Greater:
                depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER;
                break;
            case ZTest::Equal:
                depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL;
                break;
            case ZTest::GEqual:
                depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL;
                break;
            }

            VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorAttachment = {};
            colorAttachment.blendEnable = m_dstFac != BlendFactor::Zero;
            if (m_srcFac == BlendFactor::Subtract || m_dstFac == BlendFactor::Subtract)
            {
                colorAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
                colorAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                colorAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT;
                if (m_overwriteAlpha)
                {
                    colorAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                    colorAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
                    colorAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
                }
                else
                {
                    colorAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
                    colorAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                    colorAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                colorAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(m_srcFac)];
                colorAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(m_dstFac)];
                colorAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
                if (m_overwriteAlpha)
                {
                    colorAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
                    colorAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
                }
                else
                {
                    colorAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(m_srcFac)];
                    colorAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = BLEND_FACTOR_TABLE[int(m_dstFac)];
                }
                colorAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
            }
            colorAttachment.colorWriteMask =
                    (m_colorWrite ? (VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT |
                                     VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
                                     VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT) : 0) |
                    (m_alphaWrite ? VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT : 0);

            VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendInfo = {};
            colorBlendInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
            colorBlendInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            colorBlendInfo.flags = 0;
            colorBlendInfo.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
            colorBlendInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
            colorBlendInfo.pAttachments = &colorAttachment;

            VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = {};
            pipelineCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            pipelineCreateInfo.flags = 0;
            pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = 2;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = stages;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &m_vtxFmt.cast<VulkanVertexFormat>()->m_info;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &assemblyInfo;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportInfo;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationInfo;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleInfo;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilInfo;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendInfo;
            pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
            pipelineCreateInfo.layout = m_ctx->m_pipelinelayout;
            pipelineCreateInfo.renderPass = rPass;

            ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateGraphicsPipelines(m_ctx->m_dev, m_pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo,
                                                      nullptr, &m_pipeline));

            m_vert.reset();
            m_frag.reset();
        }
        return m_pipeline;
    }
};

static const VkDescriptorBufferInfo* GetBufferGPUResource(const IGraphicsBuffer* buf, int idx)
{
    if (buf->dynamic())
    {
        const VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>* cbuf =
                static_cast<const VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>*>(buf);
        return &cbuf->m_bufferInfo[idx];
    }
    else
    {
        const VulkanGraphicsBufferS* cbuf = static_cast<const VulkanGraphicsBufferS*>(buf);
        return &cbuf->m_bufferInfo;
    }
}

static const VkDescriptorImageInfo* GetTextureGPUResource(const ITexture* tex, int idx, int bindIdx, bool depth)
{
    switch (tex->type())
    {
    case TextureType::Dynamic:
    {
        const VulkanTextureD* ctex = static_cast<const VulkanTextureD*>(tex);
        return &ctex->m_descInfo[idx];
    }
    case TextureType::Static:
    {
        const VulkanTextureS* ctex = static_cast<const VulkanTextureS*>(tex);
        return &ctex->m_descInfo;
    }
    case TextureType::StaticArray:
    {
        const VulkanTextureSA* ctex = static_cast<const VulkanTextureSA*>(tex);
        return &ctex->m_descInfo;
    }
    case TextureType::Render:
    {
        const VulkanTextureR* ctex = static_cast<const VulkanTextureR*>(tex);
        return depth ? &ctex->m_depthBindDescInfo[bindIdx] : &ctex->m_colorBindDescInfo[bindIdx];
    }
    default: break;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

struct VulkanShaderDataBinding : GraphicsDataNode<IShaderDataBinding>
{
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    boo::ObjToken<IShaderPipeline> m_pipeline;
    boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer> m_vbuf;
    boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer> m_instVbuf;
    boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer> m_ibuf;
    std::vector<boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>> m_ubufs;
    std::vector<std::array<VkDescriptorBufferInfo, 2>> m_ubufOffs;
    VkImageView m_knownViewHandles[2][BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT] = {};
    struct BindTex
    {
        boo::ObjToken<ITexture> tex;
        int idx;
        bool depth;
    };
    std::vector<BindTex> m_texs;

    VkBuffer m_vboBufs[2][2] = {{},{}};
    VkDeviceSize m_vboOffs[2][2] = {{},{}};
    VkBuffer m_iboBufs[2] = {};
    VkDeviceSize m_iboOffs[2] = {};
    boo::ObjToken<VulkanDescriptorPool> m_descPool;
    VkDescriptorSet m_descSets[2] = {};

    size_t m_vertOffset;
    size_t m_instOffset;

#ifndef NDEBUG
    /* Debugging aids */
    bool m_committed = false;
#endif

    VulkanShaderDataBinding(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& d,
                            VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory,
                            const boo::ObjToken<IShaderPipeline>& pipeline,
                            const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>& vbuf,
                            const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>& instVbuf,
                            const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>& ibuf,
                            size_t ubufCount, const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>* ubufs,
                            const size_t* ubufOffs, const size_t* ubufSizes,
                            size_t texCount, const boo::ObjToken<ITexture>* texs,
                            const int* bindIdxs, const bool* depthBinds,
                            size_t baseVert, size_t baseInst)
    : GraphicsDataNode<IShaderDataBinding>(d),
      m_ctx(factory.m_ctx),
      m_pipeline(pipeline),
      m_vbuf(vbuf),
      m_instVbuf(instVbuf),
      m_ibuf(ibuf)
    {
        VulkanShaderPipeline* cpipeline = m_pipeline.cast<VulkanShaderPipeline>();
        VulkanVertexFormat* vtxFmt = cpipeline->m_vtxFmt.cast<VulkanVertexFormat>();
        m_vertOffset = baseVert * vtxFmt->m_stride;
        m_instOffset = baseInst * vtxFmt->m_instStride;

        if (ubufOffs && ubufSizes)
        {
            m_ubufOffs.reserve(ubufCount);
            for (size_t i=0 ; i<ubufCount ; ++i)
            {
#ifndef NDEBUG
                if (ubufOffs[i] % 256)
                    Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "non-256-byte-aligned uniform-offset %d provided to newShaderDataBinding", int(i));
#endif
                std::array<VkDescriptorBufferInfo, 2> fillArr;
                fillArr.fill({VK_NULL_HANDLE, ubufOffs[i], (ubufSizes[i] + 255) & ~255});
                m_ubufOffs.push_back(fillArr);
            }
        }
        m_ubufs.reserve(ubufCount);
        for (size_t i=0 ; i<ubufCount ; ++i)
        {
#ifndef NDEBUG
            if (!ubufs[i])
                Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "null uniform-buffer %d provided to newShaderDataBinding", int(i));
#endif
            m_ubufs.push_back(ubufs[i]);
        }
        m_texs.reserve(texCount);
        for (size_t i=0 ; i<texCount ; ++i)
        {
            m_texs.push_back({texs[i], bindIdxs ? bindIdxs[i] : 0, depthBinds ? depthBinds[i] : false});
        }

        size_t totalDescs = ubufCount + texCount;
        if (totalDescs > 0)
            m_descPool = factory.allocateDescriptorSets(m_descSets);
    }

    void commit(VulkanContext* ctx)
    {        
        VkWriteDescriptorSet writes[(BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT + BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT) * 2] = {};
        size_t totalWrites = 0;
        for (int b=0 ; b<2 ; ++b)
        {
            if (m_vbuf)
            {
                const VkDescriptorBufferInfo* vbufInfo = GetBufferGPUResource(m_vbuf.get(), b);
                m_vboBufs[b][0] = vbufInfo->buffer;
                m_vboOffs[b][0] = vbufInfo->offset + m_vertOffset;
            }
            if (m_instVbuf)
            {
                const VkDescriptorBufferInfo* vbufInfo = GetBufferGPUResource(m_instVbuf.get(), b);
                m_vboBufs[b][1] = vbufInfo->buffer;
                m_vboOffs[b][1] = vbufInfo->offset + m_instOffset;
            }
            if (m_ibuf)
            {
                const VkDescriptorBufferInfo* ibufInfo = GetBufferGPUResource(m_ibuf.get(), b);
                m_iboBufs[b] = ibufInfo->buffer;
                m_iboOffs[b] = ibufInfo->offset;
            }

            size_t binding = 0;
            if (m_ubufOffs.size())
            {
                for (size_t i=0 ; i<BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT ; ++i)
                {
                    if (i<m_ubufs.size())
                    {
                        VkDescriptorBufferInfo& modInfo = m_ubufOffs[i][b];
                        if (modInfo.range)
                        {
                            writes[totalWrites].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
                            writes[totalWrites].pNext = nullptr;
                            writes[totalWrites].dstSet = m_descSets[b];
                            writes[totalWrites].descriptorCount = 1;
                            writes[totalWrites].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
                            const VkDescriptorBufferInfo* origInfo = GetBufferGPUResource(m_ubufs[i].get(), b);
                            modInfo.buffer = origInfo->buffer;
                            modInfo.offset += origInfo->offset;
                            writes[totalWrites].pBufferInfo = &modInfo;
                            writes[totalWrites].dstArrayElement = 0;
                            writes[totalWrites].dstBinding = binding;
                            ++totalWrites;
                        }
                    }
                    ++binding;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                for (size_t i=0 ; i<BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT ; ++i)
                {
                    if (i<m_ubufs.size())
                    {
                        writes[totalWrites].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
                        writes[totalWrites].pNext = nullptr;
                        writes[totalWrites].dstSet = m_descSets[b];
                        writes[totalWrites].descriptorCount = 1;
                        writes[totalWrites].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
                        writes[totalWrites].pBufferInfo = GetBufferGPUResource(m_ubufs[i].get(), b);
                        writes[totalWrites].dstArrayElement = 0;
                        writes[totalWrites].dstBinding = binding;
                        ++totalWrites;
                    }
                    ++binding;
                }
            }

            for (size_t i=0 ; i<BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT ; ++i)
            {
                if (i<m_texs.size() && m_texs[i].tex)
                {
                    writes[totalWrites].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
                    writes[totalWrites].pNext = nullptr;
                    writes[totalWrites].dstSet = m_descSets[b];
                    writes[totalWrites].descriptorCount = 1;
                    writes[totalWrites].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
                    writes[totalWrites].pImageInfo = GetTextureGPUResource(m_texs[i].tex.get(), b,
                                                                           m_texs[i].idx, m_texs[i].depth);
                    writes[totalWrites].dstArrayElement = 0;
                    writes[totalWrites].dstBinding = binding;
                    m_knownViewHandles[b][i] = writes[totalWrites].pImageInfo->imageView;
                    ++totalWrites;
                }
                ++binding;
            }
        }
        if (totalWrites)
            vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(ctx->m_dev, totalWrites, writes, 0, nullptr);

#ifndef NDEBUG
        m_committed = true;
#endif
    }

    void bind(VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf, int b, VkRenderPass rPass = 0)
    {
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (!m_committed)
            Log.report(logvisor::Fatal,
                       "attempted to use uncommitted VulkanShaderDataBinding");
#endif

        /* Ensure resized texture bindings are re-bound */
        size_t binding = BOO_GLSL_MAX_UNIFORM_COUNT;
        VkWriteDescriptorSet writes[BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT] = {};
        size_t totalWrites = 0;
        for (size_t i=0 ; i<BOO_GLSL_MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT ; ++i)
        {
            if (i<m_texs.size() && m_texs[i].tex)
            {
                const VkDescriptorImageInfo* resComp = GetTextureGPUResource(m_texs[i].tex.get(), b,
                                                                             m_texs[i].idx, m_texs[i].depth);
                if (resComp->imageView != m_knownViewHandles[b][i])
                {
                    writes[totalWrites].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
                    writes[totalWrites].pNext = nullptr;
                    writes[totalWrites].dstSet = m_descSets[b];
                    writes[totalWrites].descriptorCount = 1;
                    writes[totalWrites].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
                    writes[totalWrites].pImageInfo = resComp;
                    writes[totalWrites].dstArrayElement = 0;
                    writes[totalWrites].dstBinding = binding;
                    ++totalWrites;
                    m_knownViewHandles[b][i] = resComp->imageView;
                }
            }
            ++binding;
        }
        if (totalWrites)
            vk::UpdateDescriptorSets(m_ctx->m_dev, totalWrites, writes, 0, nullptr);

        vk::CmdBindPipeline(cmdBuf, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, m_pipeline.cast<VulkanShaderPipeline>()->bind(rPass));
        if (m_descSets[b])
            vk::CmdBindDescriptorSets(cmdBuf, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, m_ctx->m_pipelinelayout,
                                      0, 1, &m_descSets[b], 0, nullptr);

        if (m_vbuf && m_instVbuf)
            vk::CmdBindVertexBuffers(cmdBuf, 0, 2, m_vboBufs[b], m_vboOffs[b]);
        else if (m_vbuf)
            vk::CmdBindVertexBuffers(cmdBuf, 0, 1, m_vboBufs[b], m_vboOffs[b]);
        else if (m_instVbuf)
            vk::CmdBindVertexBuffers(cmdBuf, 1, 1, &m_vboBufs[b][1], &m_vboOffs[b][1]);

        if (m_ibuf)
            vk::CmdBindIndexBuffer(cmdBuf, m_iboBufs[b], m_iboOffs[b], VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);

#if AMD_PAL_HACK
        /* AMD GCN architecture is prone to hanging after binding a new pipeline without also refreshing the
         * device context registers (i.e. viewport, scissor, line width, blend constants). Blend Constants
         * are the simplest register to set within the PAL codebase. */
        float dummy[4] = {};
        vk::CmdSetBlendConstants(cmdBuf, dummy);
#endif
    }
};

struct VulkanCommandQueue : IGraphicsCommandQueue
{
    Platform platform() const {return IGraphicsDataFactory::Platform::Vulkan;}
    const SystemChar* platformName() const {return _S("Vulkan");}
    VulkanContext* m_ctx;
    VulkanContext::Window* m_windowCtx;
    IGraphicsContext* m_parent;

    VkCommandPool m_cmdPool;
    VkCommandBuffer m_cmdBufs[2];
    VkSemaphore m_swapChainReadySem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkSemaphore m_drawCompleteSem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkFence m_drawCompleteFence;

    VkCommandPool m_dynamicCmdPool;
    VkCommandBuffer m_dynamicCmdBufs[2];
    VkFence m_dynamicBufFence;

    bool m_running = true;
    bool m_dynamicNeedsReset = false;
    bool m_submitted = false;

    int m_fillBuf = 0;
    int m_drawBuf = 0;

    std::vector<boo::ObjToken<boo::IObj>> m_drawResTokens[2];

    void resetCommandBuffer()
    {
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::ResetCommandBuffer(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 0));
        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {};
        cmdBufBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
        cmdBufBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::BeginCommandBuffer(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], &cmdBufBeginInfo));
    }

    void resetDynamicCommandBuffer()
    {
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::ResetCommandBuffer(m_dynamicCmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 0));
        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {};
        cmdBufBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
        cmdBufBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::BeginCommandBuffer(m_dynamicCmdBufs[m_fillBuf], &cmdBufBeginInfo));
        m_dynamicNeedsReset = false;
    }

    void stallDynamicUpload()
    {
        if (m_dynamicNeedsReset)
        {
            ThrowIfFailed(vk::WaitForFences(m_ctx->m_dev, 1, &m_dynamicBufFence, VK_FALSE, -1));
            resetDynamicCommandBuffer();
        }
    }

    VulkanCommandQueue(VulkanContext* ctx, VulkanContext::Window* windowCtx, IGraphicsContext* parent)
    : m_ctx(ctx), m_windowCtx(windowCtx), m_parent(parent)
    {
        VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
        poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
        poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
        poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = m_ctx->m_graphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateCommandPool(ctx->m_dev, &poolInfo, nullptr, &m_cmdPool));
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateCommandPool(ctx->m_dev, &poolInfo, nullptr, &m_dynamicCmdPool));

        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
        allocInfo.commandPool = m_cmdPool;
        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 2;

        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {};
        cmdBufBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
        cmdBufBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::AllocateCommandBuffers(m_ctx->m_dev, &allocInfo, m_cmdBufs));
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::BeginCommandBuffer(m_cmdBufs[0], &cmdBufBeginInfo));

        allocInfo.commandPool = m_dynamicCmdPool;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::AllocateCommandBuffers(m_ctx->m_dev, &allocInfo, m_dynamicCmdBufs));
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::BeginCommandBuffer(m_dynamicCmdBufs[0], &cmdBufBeginInfo));

        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semInfo = {};
        semInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateSemaphore(ctx->m_dev, &semInfo, nullptr, &m_swapChainReadySem));
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateSemaphore(ctx->m_dev, &semInfo, nullptr, &m_drawCompleteSem));

        VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
        fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
        fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateFence(m_ctx->m_dev, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &m_drawCompleteFence));
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateFence(m_ctx->m_dev, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &m_dynamicBufFence));
    }

    void startRenderer()
    {
        static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl*>(m_parent->getDataFactory())->SetupGammaResources();
    }

    void stopRenderer()
    {
        m_running = false;
        if (m_submitted && vk::GetFenceStatus(m_ctx->m_dev, m_drawCompleteFence) == VK_NOT_READY)
            vk::WaitForFences(m_ctx->m_dev, 1, &m_drawCompleteFence, VK_FALSE, -1);
        stallDynamicUpload();
        static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl*>(m_parent->getDataFactory())->DestroyGammaResources();
        m_drawResTokens[0].clear();
        m_drawResTokens[1].clear();
        m_boundTarget.reset();
        m_resolveDispSource.reset();
    }

    ~VulkanCommandQueue()
    {
        if (m_running)
            stopRenderer();

        vk::DestroyFence(m_ctx->m_dev, m_dynamicBufFence, nullptr);
        vk::DestroyFence(m_ctx->m_dev, m_drawCompleteFence, nullptr);
        vk::DestroySemaphore(m_ctx->m_dev, m_drawCompleteSem, nullptr);
        vk::DestroySemaphore(m_ctx->m_dev, m_swapChainReadySem, nullptr);
        vk::DestroyCommandPool(m_ctx->m_dev, m_dynamicCmdPool, nullptr);
        vk::DestroyCommandPool(m_ctx->m_dev, m_cmdPool, nullptr);
    }

    void setShaderDataBinding(const boo::ObjToken<IShaderDataBinding>& binding)
    {
        VulkanShaderDataBinding* cbind = binding.cast<VulkanShaderDataBinding>();
        cbind->bind(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], m_fillBuf);
        m_drawResTokens[m_fillBuf].push_back(binding.get());
    }

    boo::ObjToken<ITextureR> m_boundTarget;
    void setRenderTarget(const boo::ObjToken<ITextureR>& target)
    {
        VulkanTextureR* ctarget = target.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
        VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf = m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf];

        if (m_boundTarget.get() != ctarget)
        {
            if (m_boundTarget)
            {
                vk::CmdEndRenderPass(cmdBuf);
                VulkanTextureR* btarget = m_boundTarget.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, btarget->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, btarget->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
            }

            SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctarget->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                           ctarget->m_layout, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
            SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctarget->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                           ctarget->m_layout, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
            ctarget->m_layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;

            m_boundTarget = target;
            m_drawResTokens[m_fillBuf].push_back(target.get());
        }

        vk::CmdBeginRenderPass(cmdBuf, &ctarget->m_passBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
    }

    void setViewport(const SWindowRect& rect, float znear, float zfar)
    {
        if (m_boundTarget)
        {
            VulkanTextureR* ctarget = m_boundTarget.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
            VkViewport vp = {float(rect.location[0]),
                             float(std::max(0, int(ctarget->m_height) - rect.location[1] - rect.size[1])),
                             float(rect.size[0]), float(rect.size[1]), znear, zfar};
            vk::CmdSetViewport(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 0, 1, &vp);
        }
    }

    void setScissor(const SWindowRect& rect)
    {
        if (m_boundTarget)
        {
            VulkanTextureR* ctarget = m_boundTarget.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
            VkRect2D vkrect =
            {
                {int32_t(rect.location[0]),
                 int32_t(std::max(0, int(ctarget->m_height) - rect.location[1] - rect.size[1]))},
                {uint32_t(rect.size[0]), uint32_t(rect.size[1])}
            };
            vk::CmdSetScissor(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 0, 1, &vkrect);
        }
    }

    std::unordered_map<VulkanTextureR*, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> m_texResizes;
    void resizeRenderTexture(const boo::ObjToken<ITextureR>& tex, size_t width, size_t height)
    {
        VulkanTextureR* ctex = tex.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
        m_texResizes[ctex] = std::make_pair(width, height);
        m_drawResTokens[m_fillBuf].push_back(tex.get());
    }

    void schedulePostFrameHandler(std::function<void(void)>&& func)
    {
        func();
    }

    float m_clearColor[4] = {0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0};
    void setClearColor(const float rgba[4])
    {
        m_clearColor[0] = rgba[0];
        m_clearColor[1] = rgba[1];
        m_clearColor[2] = rgba[2];
        m_clearColor[3] = rgba[3];
    }

    void clearTarget(bool render=true, bool depth=true)
    {
        if (!m_boundTarget)
            return;
        VulkanTextureR* ctarget = m_boundTarget.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
        VkClearAttachment clr[2] = {};
        VkClearRect rect = {};
        rect.layerCount = 1;
        rect.rect.extent.width = ctarget->m_width;
        rect.rect.extent.height = ctarget->m_height;

        if (render && depth)
        {
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[0] = m_clearColor[0];
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[1] = m_clearColor[1];
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[2] = m_clearColor[2];
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[3] = m_clearColor[3];
            clr[0].aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            clr[1].aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
            clr[1].clearValue.depthStencil.depth = 1.f;
            vk::CmdClearAttachments(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 2, clr, 1, &rect);
        }
        else if (render)
        {
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[0] = m_clearColor[0];
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[1] = m_clearColor[1];
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[2] = m_clearColor[2];
            clr[0].clearValue.color.float32[3] = m_clearColor[3];
            clr[0].aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            vk::CmdClearAttachments(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 1, clr, 1, &rect);
        }
        else if (depth)
        {
            clr[0].aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
            clr[0].clearValue.depthStencil.depth = 1.f;
            vk::CmdClearAttachments(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], 1, clr, 1, &rect);
        }
    }

    void draw(size_t start, size_t count)
    {
        vk::CmdDraw(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], count, 1, start, 0);
    }

    void drawIndexed(size_t start, size_t count)
    {
        vk::CmdDrawIndexed(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], count, 1, start, 0, 0);
    }

    void drawInstances(size_t start, size_t count, size_t instCount)
    {
        vk::CmdDraw(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], count, instCount, start, 0);
    }

    void drawInstancesIndexed(size_t start, size_t count, size_t instCount)
    {
        vk::CmdDrawIndexed(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf], count, instCount, start, 0, 0);
    }

    boo::ObjToken<ITextureR> m_resolveDispSource;
    void resolveDisplay(const boo::ObjToken<ITextureR>& source)
    {
        m_resolveDispSource = source;
    }

    bool _resolveDisplay()
    {
        if (!m_resolveDispSource)
            return false;
        VulkanContext::Window::SwapChain& sc = m_windowCtx->m_swapChains[m_windowCtx->m_activeSwapChain];
        if (!sc.m_swapChain)
            return false;

        VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf = m_cmdBufs[m_drawBuf];
        VulkanTextureR* csource = m_resolveDispSource.cast<VulkanTextureR>();
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (!csource->m_colorBindCount)
            Log.report(logvisor::Fatal,
                       "texture provided to resolveDisplay() must have at least 1 color binding");
#endif

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::AcquireNextImageKHR(m_ctx->m_dev, sc.m_swapChain, UINT64_MAX,
                                              m_swapChainReadySem, nullptr, &sc.m_backBuf));
        VulkanContext::Window::SwapChain::Buffer& dest = sc.m_bufs[sc.m_backBuf];

        VulkanDataFactoryImpl* dataFactory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl*>(m_parent->getDataFactory());
        if (dataFactory->m_gamma != 1.f || m_ctx->m_internalFormat != m_ctx->m_displayFormat)
        {
            SWindowRect rect(0, 0, csource->m_width, csource->m_height);
            _resolveBindTexture(cmdBuf, csource, rect, true, 0, true, false);
            VulkanShaderDataBinding* gammaBinding = dataFactory->m_gammaBinding.cast<VulkanShaderDataBinding>();

            SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, dest.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                           VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

            vk::CmdBeginRenderPass(cmdBuf, &dest.m_passBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

            gammaBinding->m_texs[0].tex = m_resolveDispSource.get();
            gammaBinding->bind(cmdBuf, m_drawBuf, m_ctx->m_passColorOnly);
            vk::CmdDraw(cmdBuf, 4, 1, 0, 0);
            gammaBinding->m_texs[0].tex.reset();

            vk::CmdEndRenderPass(cmdBuf);

            SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, dest.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                           VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR, 1, 1);
        }
        else
        {
            SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, dest.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                           VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

            if (m_resolveDispSource == m_boundTarget)
                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, csource->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

            if (csource->m_samplesColor > 1)
            {
                VkImageResolve resolveInfo = {};
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                resolveInfo.extent.width = csource->m_width;
                resolveInfo.extent.height = csource->m_height;
                resolveInfo.extent.depth = 1;
                vk::CmdResolveImage(cmdBuf,
                                    csource->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                                    dest.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                    1, &resolveInfo);
            }
            else
            {
                VkImageCopy copyInfo = {};
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                copyInfo.extent.width = csource->m_width;
                copyInfo.extent.height = csource->m_height;
                copyInfo.extent.depth = 1;
                vk::CmdCopyImage(cmdBuf,
                                 csource->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                                 dest.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                 1, &copyInfo);
            }

            SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, dest.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                           VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR, 1, 1);

            if (m_resolveDispSource == m_boundTarget)
                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, csource->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
        }

        m_resolveDispSource.reset();
        return true;
    }

    void _resolveBindTexture(VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf, VulkanTextureR* ctexture,
                             const SWindowRect& rect, bool tlOrigin,
                             int bindIdx, bool color, bool depth)
    {
        if (color && ctexture->m_colorBindCount)
        {
            if (ctexture->m_samplesColor <= 1)
            {
                VkImageCopy copyInfo = {};
                SWindowRect intersectRect = rect.intersect(SWindowRect(0, 0, ctexture->m_width, ctexture->m_height));
                copyInfo.srcOffset.y = tlOrigin ? intersectRect.location[1] :
                    (ctexture->m_height - intersectRect.size[1] - intersectRect.location[1]);
                copyInfo.srcOffset.x = intersectRect.location[0];
                copyInfo.dstOffset = copyInfo.srcOffset;
                copyInfo.extent.width = intersectRect.size[0];
                copyInfo.extent.height = intersectRect.size[1];
                copyInfo.extent.depth = 1;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               ctexture->m_colorBindLayout[bindIdx], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                copyInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

                vk::CmdCopyImage(cmdBuf,
                                 ctexture->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                                 ctexture->m_colorBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                 1, &copyInfo);

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
                ctexture->m_colorBindLayout[bindIdx] = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
            }
            else
            {
                VkImageResolve resolveInfo = {};
                SWindowRect intersectRect = rect.intersect(SWindowRect(0, 0, ctexture->m_width, ctexture->m_height));
                resolveInfo.srcOffset.y = tlOrigin ? intersectRect.location[1] :
                    (ctexture->m_height - intersectRect.size[1] - intersectRect.location[1]);
                resolveInfo.srcOffset.x = intersectRect.location[0];
                resolveInfo.dstOffset = resolveInfo.srcOffset;
                resolveInfo.extent.width = intersectRect.size[0];
                resolveInfo.extent.height = intersectRect.size[1];
                resolveInfo.extent.depth = 1;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               ctexture->m_colorBindLayout[bindIdx], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

                vk::CmdResolveImage(cmdBuf,
                                    ctexture->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                                    ctexture->m_colorBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                    1, &resolveInfo);

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_colorBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
                ctexture->m_colorBindLayout[bindIdx] = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
            }
        }

        if (depth && ctexture->m_depthBindCount)
        {
            if (ctexture->m_samplesDepth <= 1)
            {
                VkImageCopy copyInfo = {};
                SWindowRect intersectRect = rect.intersect(SWindowRect(0, 0, ctexture->m_width, ctexture->m_height));
                copyInfo.srcOffset.y = tlOrigin ? intersectRect.location[1] :
                    (ctexture->m_height - intersectRect.size[1] - intersectRect.location[1]);
                copyInfo.srcOffset.x = intersectRect.location[0];
                copyInfo.dstOffset = copyInfo.srcOffset;
                copyInfo.extent.width = intersectRect.size[0];
                copyInfo.extent.height = intersectRect.size[1];
                copyInfo.extent.depth = 1;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                copyInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                               ctexture->m_depthBindLayout[bindIdx], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                copyInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
                copyInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;

                vk::CmdCopyImage(cmdBuf,
                                 ctexture->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                                 ctexture->m_depthBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                 1, &copyInfo);

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
                ctexture->m_depthBindLayout[bindIdx] = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
            }
            else
            {
                VkImageResolve resolveInfo = {};
                SWindowRect intersectRect = rect.intersect(SWindowRect(0, 0, ctexture->m_width, ctexture->m_height));
                resolveInfo.srcOffset.y = tlOrigin ? intersectRect.location[1] :
                    (ctexture->m_height - intersectRect.size[1] - intersectRect.location[1]);
                resolveInfo.srcOffset.x = intersectRect.location[0];
                resolveInfo.dstOffset = resolveInfo.srcOffset;
                resolveInfo.extent.width = intersectRect.size[0];
                resolveInfo.extent.height = intersectRect.size[1];
                resolveInfo.extent.depth = 1;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                               ctexture->m_depthBindLayout[bindIdx], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                resolveInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
                resolveInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;

                vk::CmdResolveImage(cmdBuf,
                                    ctexture->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                                    ctexture->m_depthBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                    1, &resolveInfo);

                if (ctexture == m_boundTarget.get())
                    SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthTex.m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                                   VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

                SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, ctexture->m_depthBindTex[bindIdx].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
                               VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);
                ctexture->m_depthBindLayout[bindIdx] = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
            }
        }
    }

    void resolveBindTexture(const boo::ObjToken<ITextureR>& texture,
                            const SWindowRect& rect, bool tlOrigin,
                            int bindIdx, bool color, bool depth, bool clearDepth)
    {
        VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf = m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf];
        VulkanTextureR* ctexture = texture.cast<VulkanTextureR>();

        vk::CmdEndRenderPass(cmdBuf);
        _resolveBindTexture(cmdBuf, ctexture, rect, tlOrigin, bindIdx, color, depth);
        vk::CmdBeginRenderPass(cmdBuf, &m_boundTarget.cast<VulkanTextureR>()->m_passBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

        if (clearDepth)
        {
            VkClearAttachment clr = {};
            VkClearRect rect = {};
            rect.layerCount = 1;
            rect.rect.extent.width = ctexture->m_width;
            rect.rect.extent.height = ctexture->m_height;

            clr.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
            clr.clearValue.depthStencil.depth = 1.f;
            vk::CmdClearAttachments(cmdBuf, 1, &clr, 1, &rect);
        }
    }

    void execute();
};

void VulkanTextureR::doDestroy()
{
    if (m_framebuffer)
    {
        vk::DestroyFramebuffer(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_framebuffer, nullptr);
        m_framebuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    if (m_colorView)
    {
        vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_colorView, nullptr);
        m_colorView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    m_colorTex.destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    if (m_depthView)
    {
        vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_depthView, nullptr);
        m_depthView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    m_depthTex.destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        if (m_colorBindView[i])
        {
            vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_colorBindView[i], nullptr);
            m_colorBindView[i] = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        m_colorBindTex[i].destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        if (m_depthBindView[i])
        {
            vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_depthBindView[i], nullptr);
            m_depthBindView[i] = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        m_depthBindTex[i].destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
}

VulkanTextureR::VulkanTextureR(const boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsData>& parent, VulkanCommandQueue* q,
                               size_t width, size_t height, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                               size_t colorBindCount, size_t depthBindCount)
: GraphicsDataNode<ITextureR>(parent), m_q(q),
  m_width(width), m_height(height),
  m_samplesColor(q->m_ctx->m_sampleCountColor),
  m_samplesDepth(q->m_ctx->m_sampleCountDepth),
  m_colorBindCount(colorBindCount),
  m_depthBindCount(depthBindCount)
{
    if (colorBindCount > MAX_BIND_TEXS)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "too many color bindings for render texture");
    if (depthBindCount > MAX_BIND_TEXS)
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "too many depth bindings for render texture");

    if (m_samplesColor == 0) m_samplesColor = 1;
    if (m_samplesDepth == 0) m_samplesDepth = 1;
    setClampMode(clampMode);
    Setup(q->m_ctx);
}

VulkanTextureR::~VulkanTextureR()
{
    vk::DestroyFramebuffer(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_framebuffer, nullptr);
    vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_colorView, nullptr);
    m_colorTex.destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_depthView, nullptr);
    m_depthTex.destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        if (m_colorBindView[i])
            vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_colorBindView[i], nullptr);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        m_colorBindTex[i].destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        if (m_depthBindView[i])
            vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_depthBindView[i], nullptr);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<MAX_BIND_TEXS ; ++i)
        m_depthBindTex[i].destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
}

void VulkanTextureR::setClampMode(TextureClampMode mode)
{
    MakeSampler(m_q->m_ctx, m_sampler, mode, 1);
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<m_colorBindCount ; ++i)
        m_colorBindDescInfo[i].sampler = m_sampler;
    for (size_t i=0 ; i<m_depthBindCount ; ++i)
        m_depthBindDescInfo[i].sampler = m_sampler;
}

template <class DataCls>
void VulkanGraphicsBufferD<DataCls>::update(int b)
{
    int slot = 1 << b;
    if ((slot & m_validSlots) == 0)
    {
        memmove(m_bufferPtrs[b], m_cpuBuf.get(), m_cpuSz);
        m_validSlots |= slot;
    }
}

template <class DataCls>
void VulkanGraphicsBufferD<DataCls>::load(const void* data, size_t sz)
{
    size_t bufSz = std::min(sz, m_cpuSz);
    memmove(m_cpuBuf.get(), data, bufSz);
    m_validSlots = 0;
}
template <class DataCls>
void* VulkanGraphicsBufferD<DataCls>::map(size_t sz)
{
    if (sz > m_cpuSz)
        return nullptr;
    return m_cpuBuf.get();
}
template <class DataCls>
void VulkanGraphicsBufferD<DataCls>::unmap()
{
    m_validSlots = 0;
}

VulkanTextureD::~VulkanTextureD()
{
    vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_gpuView[0], nullptr);
    vk::DestroyImageView(m_q->m_ctx->m_dev, m_gpuView[1], nullptr);
    m_gpuTex[0].destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
    m_gpuTex[1].destroy(m_q->m_ctx);
}

void VulkanTextureD::update(int b)
{
    int slot = 1 << b;
    if ((slot & m_validSlots) == 0)
    {
        m_q->stallDynamicUpload();
        VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf = m_q->m_dynamicCmdBufs[b];

        /* copy staging data */
        memmove(m_cpuBufPtrs[b], m_stagingBuf.get(), m_cpuSz);

        SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, m_gpuTex[b].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

        /* Put the copy command into the command buffer */
        VkBufferImageCopy copyRegion = {};
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        copyRegion.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
        copyRegion.imageExtent.width = m_width;
        copyRegion.imageExtent.height = m_height;
        copyRegion.imageExtent.depth = 1;
        copyRegion.bufferOffset = m_cpuOffsets[b];

        vk::CmdCopyBufferToImage(cmdBuf,
                                 m_cpuBuf,
                                 m_gpuTex[b].m_image,
                                 VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                 1,
                                 &copyRegion);

        /* Set the layout for the texture image from DESTINATION_OPTIMAL to
         * SHADER_READ_ONLY */
        SetImageLayout(cmdBuf, m_gpuTex[b].m_image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, 1, 1);

        m_validSlots |= slot;
    }
}
void VulkanTextureD::setClampMode(TextureClampMode mode)
{
    m_clampMode = mode;
    MakeSampler(m_q->m_ctx, m_sampler, mode, 1);
    for (int i=0 ; i<2 ; ++i)
        m_descInfo[i].sampler = m_sampler;
}
void VulkanTextureD::load(const void* data, size_t sz)
{
    size_t bufSz = std::min(sz, m_cpuSz);
    memmove(m_stagingBuf.get(), data, bufSz);
    m_validSlots = 0;
}
void* VulkanTextureD::map(size_t sz)
{
    if (sz > m_cpuSz)
        return nullptr;
    return m_stagingBuf.get();
}
void VulkanTextureD::unmap()
{
    m_validSlots = 0;
}

VulkanDataFactoryImpl::VulkanDataFactoryImpl(IGraphicsContext* parent, VulkanContext* ctx)
: m_parent(parent), m_ctx(ctx) {}

uint64_t VulkanDataFactoryImpl::CompileVert(std::vector<unsigned int>& out, const char* vertSource, uint64_t srcKey)
{
    const EShMessages messages = EShMessages(EShMsgSpvRules | EShMsgVulkanRules);
    glslang::TShader vs(EShLangVertex);
    vs.setStrings(&vertSource, 1);
    if (!vs.parse(&glslang::DefaultTBuiltInResource, 110, false, messages))
    {
        printf("%s\n", vertSource);
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unable to compile vertex shader\n%s", vs.getInfoLog());
    }

    glslang::TProgram prog;
    prog.addShader(&vs);
    if (!prog.link(messages))
    {
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unable to link shader program\n%s", prog.getInfoLog());
    }
    glslang::GlslangToSpv(*prog.getIntermediate(EShLangVertex), out);
    //spv::Disassemble(std::cerr, out);

    XXH64_state_t hashState;
    XXH64_reset(&hashState, 0);
    XXH64_update(&hashState, out.data(), out.size() * sizeof(unsigned int));
    uint64_t binKey = XXH64_digest(&hashState);
    m_sourceToBinary[srcKey] = binKey;
    return binKey;
}

uint64_t VulkanDataFactoryImpl::CompileFrag(std::vector<unsigned int>& out, const char* fragSource, uint64_t srcKey)
{
    const EShMessages messages = EShMessages(EShMsgSpvRules | EShMsgVulkanRules);
    glslang::TShader fs(EShLangFragment);
    fs.setStrings(&fragSource, 1);
    if (!fs.parse(&glslang::DefaultTBuiltInResource, 110, false, messages))
    {
        printf("%s\n", fragSource);
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unable to compile fragment shader\n%s", fs.getInfoLog());
    }

    glslang::TProgram prog;
    prog.addShader(&fs);
    if (!prog.link(messages))
    {
        Log.report(logvisor::Fatal, "unable to link shader program\n%s", prog.getInfoLog());
    }
    glslang::GlslangToSpv(*prog.getIntermediate(EShLangFragment), out);
    //spv::Disassemble(std::cerr, out);

    XXH64_state_t hashState;
    XXH64_reset(&hashState, 0);
    XXH64_update(&hashState, out.data(), out.size() * sizeof(unsigned int));
    uint64_t binKey = XXH64_digest(&hashState);
    m_sourceToBinary[srcKey] = binKey;
    return binKey;
}

boo::ObjToken<IShaderPipeline> VulkanDataFactory::Context::newShaderPipeline
(const char* vertSource, const char* fragSource,
 std::vector<unsigned int>* vertBlobOut, std::vector<unsigned int>* fragBlobOut,
 std::vector<unsigned char>* pipelineBlob, const boo::ObjToken<IVertexFormat>& vtxFmt,
 BlendFactor srcFac, BlendFactor dstFac, Primitive prim,
 ZTest depthTest, bool depthWrite, bool colorWrite,
 bool alphaWrite, CullMode culling, bool overwriteAlpha)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);

    XXH64_state_t hashState;
    uint64_t srcHashes[2] = {};
    uint64_t binHashes[2] = {};
    XXH64_reset(&hashState, 0);
    if (vertSource)
    {
        XXH64_update(&hashState, vertSource, strlen(vertSource));
        srcHashes[0] = XXH64_digest(&hashState);
        auto binSearch = factory.m_sourceToBinary.find(srcHashes[0]);
        if (binSearch != factory.m_sourceToBinary.cend())
            binHashes[0] = binSearch->second;
    }
    else if (vertBlobOut && vertBlobOut->size())
    {
        XXH64_update(&hashState, vertBlobOut->data(), vertBlobOut->size() * sizeof(unsigned int));
        binHashes[0] = XXH64_digest(&hashState);
    }
    XXH64_reset(&hashState, 0);
    if (fragSource)
    {
        XXH64_update(&hashState, fragSource, strlen(fragSource));
        srcHashes[1] = XXH64_digest(&hashState);
        auto binSearch = factory.m_sourceToBinary.find(srcHashes[1]);
        if (binSearch != factory.m_sourceToBinary.cend())
            binHashes[1] = binSearch->second;
    }
    else if (fragBlobOut && fragBlobOut->size())
    {
        XXH64_update(&hashState, fragBlobOut->data(), fragBlobOut->size() * sizeof(unsigned int));
        binHashes[1] = XXH64_digest(&hashState);
    }

    if (vertBlobOut && vertBlobOut->empty())
        binHashes[0] = factory.CompileVert(*vertBlobOut, vertSource, srcHashes[0]);

    if (fragBlobOut && fragBlobOut->empty())
        binHashes[1] = factory.CompileFrag(*fragBlobOut, fragSource, srcHashes[1]);

    VkShaderModuleCreateInfo smCreateInfo = {};
    smCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
    smCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    smCreateInfo.flags = 0;

    VulkanShareableShader::Token vertShader;
    VulkanShareableShader::Token fragShader;
    auto vertFind = binHashes[0] ? factory.m_sharedShaders.find(binHashes[0]) :
                                   factory.m_sharedShaders.end();
    if (vertFind != factory.m_sharedShaders.end())
    {
        vertShader = vertFind->second->lock();
    }
    else
    {
        std::vector<unsigned int> vertBlob;
        const std::vector<unsigned int>* useVertBlob;
        if (vertBlobOut)
        {
            useVertBlob = vertBlobOut;
        }
        else
        {
            useVertBlob = &vertBlob;
            binHashes[0] = factory.CompileVert(vertBlob, vertSource, srcHashes[0]);
        }

        VkShaderModule vertModule;
        smCreateInfo.codeSize = useVertBlob->size() * sizeof(unsigned int);
        smCreateInfo.pCode = useVertBlob->data();
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateShaderModule(factory.m_ctx->m_dev, &smCreateInfo, nullptr, &vertModule));

        auto it =
        factory.m_sharedShaders.emplace(std::make_pair(binHashes[0],
            std::make_unique<VulkanShareableShader>(factory, srcHashes[0], binHashes[0], vertModule))).first;
        vertShader = it->second->lock();
    }
    auto fragFind = binHashes[1] ? factory.m_sharedShaders.find(binHashes[1]) :
                                   factory.m_sharedShaders.end();
    if (fragFind != factory.m_sharedShaders.end())
    {
        fragShader = fragFind->second->lock();
    }
    else
    {
        std::vector<unsigned int> fragBlob;
        const std::vector<unsigned int>* useFragBlob;
        if (fragBlobOut)
        {
            useFragBlob = fragBlobOut;
        }
        else
        {
            useFragBlob = &fragBlob;
            binHashes[1] = factory.CompileFrag(fragBlob, fragSource, srcHashes[1]);
        }

        VkShaderModule fragModule;
        smCreateInfo.codeSize = useFragBlob->size() * sizeof(unsigned int);
        smCreateInfo.pCode = useFragBlob->data();
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreateShaderModule(factory.m_ctx->m_dev, &smCreateInfo, nullptr, &fragModule));

        auto it =
        factory.m_sharedShaders.emplace(std::make_pair(binHashes[1],
            std::make_unique<VulkanShareableShader>(factory, srcHashes[1], binHashes[1], fragModule))).first;
        fragShader = it->second->lock();
    }

    VkPipelineCache pipelineCache = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    if (pipelineBlob)
    {
        VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo cacheDataInfo = {};
        cacheDataInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
        cacheDataInfo.pNext = nullptr;

        cacheDataInfo.initialDataSize = pipelineBlob->size();
        if (cacheDataInfo.initialDataSize)
            cacheDataInfo.pInitialData = pipelineBlob->data();

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::CreatePipelineCache(factory.m_ctx->m_dev, &cacheDataInfo, nullptr, &pipelineCache));
    }

    VulkanShaderPipeline* retval = new VulkanShaderPipeline(m_data, factory.m_ctx, std::move(vertShader),
                                                            std::move(fragShader), pipelineCache, vtxFmt, srcFac,
                                                            dstFac, prim, depthTest, depthWrite, colorWrite,
                                                            alphaWrite, overwriteAlpha, culling);

    if (pipelineBlob && pipelineBlob->empty())
    {
        size_t cacheSz = 0;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPipelineCacheData(factory.m_ctx->m_dev, pipelineCache, &cacheSz, nullptr));
        if (cacheSz)
        {
            pipelineBlob->resize(cacheSz);
            ThrowIfFailed(vk::GetPipelineCacheData(factory.m_ctx->m_dev, pipelineCache,
                                                   &cacheSz, pipelineBlob->data()));
            pipelineBlob->resize(cacheSz);
        }
    }

    return {retval};
}

VulkanDataFactory::Context::Context(VulkanDataFactory& parent __BooTraceArgs)
: m_parent(parent), m_data(new VulkanData(static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(parent) __BooTraceArgsUse)) {}
VulkanDataFactory::Context::~Context() {}

boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBufferS>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newStaticBuffer(BufferUse use, const void* data, size_t stride, size_t count)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    return {new VulkanGraphicsBufferS(m_data, use, factory.m_ctx, data, stride, count)};
}

boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBufferD>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newDynamicBuffer(BufferUse use, size_t stride, size_t count)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    VulkanCommandQueue* q = static_cast<VulkanCommandQueue*>(factory.m_parent->getCommandQueue());
    return {new VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>(m_data, use, factory.m_ctx, stride, count)};
}

boo::ObjToken<ITextureS>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newStaticTexture(size_t width, size_t height, size_t mips,
                                             TextureFormat fmt, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                                             const void* data, size_t sz)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    return {new VulkanTextureS(m_data, factory.m_ctx, width, height, mips, fmt, clampMode, data, sz)};
}

boo::ObjToken<ITextureSA>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newStaticArrayTexture(size_t width, size_t height, size_t layers, size_t mips,
                                                  TextureFormat fmt, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                                                  const void* data, size_t sz)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    return {new VulkanTextureSA(m_data, factory.m_ctx, width, height, layers, mips, fmt, clampMode, data, sz)};
}

boo::ObjToken<ITextureD>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newDynamicTexture(size_t width, size_t height, TextureFormat fmt,
                                              TextureClampMode clampMode)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    VulkanCommandQueue* q = static_cast<VulkanCommandQueue*>(factory.m_parent->getCommandQueue());
    return {new VulkanTextureD(m_data, q, width, height, fmt, clampMode)};
}

boo::ObjToken<ITextureR>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newRenderTexture(size_t width, size_t height, TextureClampMode clampMode,
                                             size_t colorBindCount, size_t depthBindCount)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    VulkanCommandQueue* q = static_cast<VulkanCommandQueue*>(factory.m_parent->getCommandQueue());
    return {new VulkanTextureR(m_data, q, width, height, clampMode, colorBindCount, depthBindCount)};
}

boo::ObjToken<IVertexFormat>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newVertexFormat(size_t elementCount,
                                            const VertexElementDescriptor* elements,
                                            size_t baseVert, size_t baseInst)
{
    return {new struct VulkanVertexFormat(m_data, elementCount, elements)};
}

boo::ObjToken<IShaderDataBinding>
VulkanDataFactory::Context::newShaderDataBinding(
        const boo::ObjToken<IShaderPipeline>& pipeline,
        const boo::ObjToken<IVertexFormat>& /*vtxFormat*/,
        const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>& vbuf,
        const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>& instVbuf,
        const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>& ibuf,
        size_t ubufCount, const boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBuffer>* ubufs, const PipelineStage* /*ubufStages*/,
        const size_t* ubufOffs, const size_t* ubufSizes,
        size_t texCount, const boo::ObjToken<ITexture>* texs,
        const int* bindIdxs, const bool* bindDepth,
        size_t baseVert, size_t baseInst)
{
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl& factory = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl&>(m_parent);
    return {new VulkanShaderDataBinding(m_data, factory, pipeline, vbuf, instVbuf, ibuf,
                                        ubufCount, ubufs, ubufOffs, ubufSizes, texCount, texs,
                                        bindIdxs, bindDepth, baseVert, baseInst)};
}

void VulkanDataFactoryImpl::commitTransaction
    (const std::function<bool(IGraphicsDataFactory::Context&)>& trans __BooTraceArgs)
{
    Context ctx(*this __BooTraceArgsUse);
    if (!trans(ctx))
        return;

    VulkanData* data = ctx.m_data.cast<VulkanData>();

    /* size up resources */
    VkDeviceSize constantMemSizes[3] = {};
    VkDeviceSize texMemSize = 0;

    if (data->m_SBufs)
        for (IGraphicsBufferS& buf : *data->m_SBufs)
        {
            auto& cbuf = static_cast<VulkanGraphicsBufferS&>(buf);
            if (cbuf.m_use == BufferUse::Null)
                continue;
            VkDeviceSize& sz = constantMemSizes[int(cbuf.m_use) - 1];
            sz = cbuf.sizeForGPU(m_ctx, sz);
        }

    if (data->m_DBufs)
        for (IGraphicsBufferD& buf : *data->m_DBufs)
        {
            auto& cbuf = static_cast<VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>&>(buf);
            if (cbuf.m_use == BufferUse::Null)
                continue;
            VkDeviceSize& sz = constantMemSizes[int(cbuf.m_use) - 1];
            sz = cbuf.sizeForGPU(m_ctx, sz);
        }

    if (data->m_DTexs)
        for (ITextureD& tex : *data->m_DTexs)
        {
            auto& ctex = static_cast<VulkanTextureD&>(tex);
            texMemSize = ctex.sizeForGPU(m_ctx, texMemSize);
        }

    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> qlk(m_ctx->m_queueLock);

    /* allocate memory and place buffers */
    for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; ++i)
    {
        if (constantMemSizes[i])
        {
            AllocatedBuffer& poolBuf = data->m_constantBuffers[i];

            VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo = {};
            createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
            createInfo.size = constantMemSizes[i];
            createInfo.usage = USE_TABLE[i+1];
            createInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
            uint8_t* mappedData = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(poolBuf.createCPUtoGPU(m_ctx, &createInfo));

            if (data->m_SBufs)
                for (IGraphicsBufferS& buf : *data->m_SBufs)
                {
                    auto& cbuf = static_cast<VulkanGraphicsBufferS&>(buf);
                    if (int(cbuf.m_use) - 1 != i)
                        continue;
                    cbuf.placeForGPU(poolBuf.m_buffer, mappedData);
                }

            if (data->m_DBufs)
                for (IGraphicsBufferD& buf : *data->m_DBufs)
                {
                    auto& cbuf = static_cast<VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>&>(buf);
                    if (int(cbuf.m_use) - 1 != i)
                        continue;
                    cbuf.placeForGPU(poolBuf.m_buffer, mappedData);
                }
        }
    }

    /* place static textures */
    if (data->m_STexs)
        for (ITextureS& tex : *data->m_STexs)
            static_cast<VulkanTextureS&>(tex).placeForGPU(m_ctx);

    if (data->m_SATexs)
        for (ITextureSA& tex : *data->m_SATexs)
            static_cast<VulkanTextureSA&>(tex).placeForGPU(m_ctx);

    /* allocate memory and place dynamic textures */
    if (texMemSize)
    {
        AllocatedBuffer& poolBuf = data->m_texStagingBuffer;

        VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.size = texMemSize;
        createInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
        createInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        uint8_t* mappedData = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(poolBuf.createCPUtoGPU(m_ctx, &createInfo));

        if (data->m_DTexs)
            for (ITextureD& tex : *data->m_DTexs)
                static_cast<VulkanTextureD&>(tex).placeForGPU(m_ctx, poolBuf.m_buffer, mappedData);
    }

    /* Execute static uploads */
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::EndCommandBuffer(m_ctx->m_loadCmdBuf));
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &m_ctx->m_loadCmdBuf;

    /* Take exclusive lock here and submit queue */
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::QueueWaitIdle(m_ctx->m_queue));
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::QueueSubmit(m_ctx->m_queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));

    /* Commit data bindings (create descriptor sets) */
    if (data->m_SBinds)
        for (IShaderDataBinding& bind : *data->m_SBinds)
            static_cast<VulkanShaderDataBinding&>(bind).commit(m_ctx);

    /* Wait for uploads to complete */
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::QueueWaitIdle(m_ctx->m_queue));
    qlk.unlock();

    /* Reset command buffer */
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::ResetCommandBuffer(m_ctx->m_loadCmdBuf, 0));
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {};
    cmdBufBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
    cmdBufBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::BeginCommandBuffer(m_ctx->m_loadCmdBuf, &cmdBufBeginInfo));

    /* Delete upload objects */
    if (data->m_STexs)
        for (ITextureS& tex : *data->m_STexs)
            static_cast<VulkanTextureS&>(tex).deleteUploadObjects();

    if (data->m_SATexs)
        for (ITextureSA& tex : *data->m_SATexs)
            static_cast<VulkanTextureSA&>(tex).deleteUploadObjects();
}

boo::ObjToken<IGraphicsBufferD>
VulkanDataFactoryImpl::newPoolBuffer(BufferUse use, size_t stride, size_t count __BooTraceArgs)
{
    boo::ObjToken<BaseGraphicsPool> pool(new VulkanPool(*this __BooTraceArgsUse));
    VulkanPool* cpool = pool.cast<VulkanPool>();
    VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsPool>* retval =
            new VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsPool>(pool, use, m_ctx, stride, count);

    VkDeviceSize size = retval->sizeForGPU(m_ctx, 0);

    /* allocate memory */
    if (size)
    {
        AllocatedBuffer& poolBuf = cpool->m_constantBuffer;
        VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.size = size;
        createInfo.usage = USE_TABLE[int(use)];
        createInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        uint8_t* mappedData = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(poolBuf.createCPUtoGPU(m_ctx, &createInfo));
        retval->placeForGPU(poolBuf.m_buffer, mappedData);
    }

    return {retval};
}

void VulkanCommandQueue::execute()
{
    if (!m_running)
        return;

    /* Stage dynamic uploads */
    VulkanDataFactoryImpl* gfxF = static_cast<VulkanDataFactoryImpl*>(m_parent->getDataFactory());
    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> datalk(gfxF->m_dataMutex);
    if (gfxF->m_dataHead)
    {
        for (BaseGraphicsData& d : *gfxF->m_dataHead)
        {
            if (d.m_DBufs)
                for (IGraphicsBufferD& b : *d.m_DBufs)
                    static_cast<VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>&>(b).update(m_fillBuf);
            if (d.m_DTexs)
                for (ITextureD& t : *d.m_DTexs)
                    static_cast<VulkanTextureD&>(t).update(m_fillBuf);
        }
    }
    if (gfxF->m_poolHead)
    {
        for (BaseGraphicsPool& p : *gfxF->m_poolHead)
        {
            if (p.m_DBufs)
                for (IGraphicsBufferD& b : *p.m_DBufs)
                    static_cast<VulkanGraphicsBufferD<BaseGraphicsData>&>(b).update(m_fillBuf);
        }
    }
    datalk.unlock();

    /* Perform dynamic uploads */
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(m_ctx->m_queueLock);
    if (!m_dynamicNeedsReset)
    {
        vk::EndCommandBuffer(m_dynamicCmdBufs[m_fillBuf]);

        vk::WaitForFences(m_ctx->m_dev, 1, &m_dynamicBufFence, VK_FALSE, -1);
        vk::ResetFences(m_ctx->m_dev, 1, &m_dynamicBufFence);

        VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
        submitInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
        submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 0;
        submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = nullptr;
        submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = nullptr;
        submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
        submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &m_dynamicCmdBufs[m_fillBuf];
        submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 0;
        submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = nullptr;
        ThrowIfFailed(vk::QueueSubmit(m_ctx->m_queue, 1, &submitInfo, m_dynamicBufFence));
    }

    vk::CmdEndRenderPass(m_cmdBufs[m_fillBuf]);

    /* Check on fence */
    if (m_submitted && vk::GetFenceStatus(m_ctx->m_dev, m_drawCompleteFence) == VK_NOT_READY)
    {
        /* Abandon this list (renderer too slow) */
        resetCommandBuffer();
        m_dynamicNeedsReset = true;
        m_resolveDispSource = nullptr;

        /* Clear dead data */
        m_drawResTokens[m_fillBuf].clear();
        return;
    }
    m_submitted = false;

    vk::ResetFences(m_ctx->m_dev, 1, &m_drawCompleteFence);

    /* Perform texture and swap-chain resizes */
    if (m_ctx->_resizeSwapChains() || m_texResizes.size())
    {
        for (const auto& resize : m_texResizes)
        {
            if (m_boundTarget.get() == resize.first)
                m_boundTarget.reset();
            resize.first->resize(m_ctx, resize.second.first, resize.second.second);
        }
        m_texResizes.clear();
        resetCommandBuffer();
        m_dynamicNeedsReset = true;
        m_resolveDispSource = nullptr;
        return;
    }

    /* Clear dead data */
    m_drawResTokens[m_drawBuf].clear();

    m_drawBuf = m_fillBuf;
    m_fillBuf ^= 1;

    /* Queue the command buffer for execution */
    VkPipelineStageFlags pipeStageFlags = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
    submitInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 0;
    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = nullptr;
    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = &pipeStageFlags;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &m_cmdBufs[m_drawBuf];
    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 0;
    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = nullptr;
    if (_resolveDisplay())
    {
        submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
        submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &m_swapChainReadySem;
        submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
        submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &m_drawCompleteSem;
    }
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::EndCommandBuffer(m_cmdBufs[m_drawBuf]));
    ThrowIfFailed(vk::QueueSubmit(m_ctx->m_queue, 1, &submitInfo, m_drawCompleteFence));
    m_submitted = true;

    if (submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount)
    {
        VulkanContext::Window::SwapChain& thisSc = m_windowCtx->m_swapChains[m_windowCtx->m_activeSwapChain];

        VkPresentInfoKHR present;
        present.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
        present.pNext = nullptr;
        present.swapchainCount = 1;
        present.pSwapchains = &thisSc.m_swapChain;
        present.pImageIndices = &thisSc.m_backBuf;
        present.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
        present.pWaitSemaphores = &m_drawCompleteSem;
        present.pResults = nullptr;

        ThrowIfFailed(vk::QueuePresentKHR(m_ctx->m_queue, &present));
    }

    resetCommandBuffer();
    resetDynamicCommandBuffer();
}

std::unique_ptr<IGraphicsCommandQueue> _NewVulkanCommandQueue(VulkanContext* ctx, VulkanContext::Window* windowCtx,
                                                              IGraphicsContext* parent)
{
    return std::make_unique<VulkanCommandQueue>(ctx, windowCtx, parent);
}

std::unique_ptr<IGraphicsDataFactory> _NewVulkanDataFactory(IGraphicsContext* parent, VulkanContext* ctx)
{
    return std::make_unique<VulkanDataFactoryImpl>(parent, ctx);
}

}